TED-ed五個(gè)技巧養(yǎng)成批判性思維(帶批注)

1、Every day, a sea of （很多） decisions stretches before us. 我們每天都要做大量的決定Some are small and unimportant, but others have a larger impact on our lives 有的微不足道，有的卻舉足輕重。 for example, Which politician should I vote for?' ; Shouldtry the latest diet craze ?'比如，"我該給哪個(gè)政治家投票 "" 我該加入最新的節(jié)食熱潮嗎

2、？ "or Will email make me a millionaire?“'一或封者郵。件會(huì)讓我成為百萬(wàn)富翁嗎？”We are bombardedwith （被轟炸） so manydecisions ，thatit simpossibletomakeaperfectchoiceeverytime.我們被太多事情輪番轟炸，所以不可能每次都作出完美的選擇。 Buttherearemanywaystoimproveourchances. 不過(guò)有很多方 法可以提高我們做出完美選擇的幾率，Andoneparticularlyeffectivetechnique ， iscrit

3、icalthinkingThisisawayofapproachingthequestion ， thatallowustocarefully deconstruct thesituation 其中尤為有 效的一種方法，就是批判性思考。這是一種走進(jìn)問(wèn)題本身的 方法，可以讓我們仔細(xì)地抽絲撥繭剖析現(xiàn)狀，Reveal （ 顯 露 ; 揭 露 ; 泄 露 ） hiddenissues ，suchas bias and manipulation （操作 ; 操縱 ; 控制） 揭露偏見(jiàn) 和人為操縱等隱藏問(wèn)題 andmakethebestdecision 從而做出 明智的選擇Ifcriticalpartso

4、undsnegative ，that 'sbecause ， inaway ，itis. 若“批判性”聽(tīng)起來(lái)負(fù)能量滿滿，那是因?yàn)槟撤N意義上確實(shí)如 此Rather than choosing an answer because it feels right'相比于選擇不明覺(jué)厲的答案a person who uses critical thinking 使用批判性思考的人 subjects all available options to scrutiny and skepticism （懷 疑態(tài)度，懷疑論 ; 多疑癖） . 會(huì)以審視 懷疑的態(tài)度推敲所有 可能性Using the

5、tools at their disposal （事情的）處置 ; （自由） 處置權(quán) ;）, they 'elilml inate （排除，消除 ; 淘汰 ; ）everything but the most useful and reliable information. 他們會(huì)用自己 的方式做排除 只留下最有用最可靠的信息。There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking 學(xué)習(xí)使用批判性思維的方法很多here ' sone 5 step process that may help you solve

6、 any number of problems 這里的五步法 或許可以幫你解決絕大 多數(shù)的問(wèn)題1: Formulate your question 準(zhǔn)確地闡述你的問(wèn)題In other words, know what you 是知道自己需要什么re looking for.換句就話說(shuō)This isn ' t always as straightforward as it sounds. 這有時(shí)并 不像聽(tīng)起來(lái)那樣直截了當(dāng)For example, if you ' redeciding whether to try out the newest diet craze 比如你正在糾結(jié)

7、要不要嘗試最新的節(jié)食方 法 your reasons for doing so may be obscured（使模糊比如兩不清） by other factors 你的動(dòng)機(jī)或許被其他因素干擾 like claims that you 'll see results in just two weeks. 周內(nèi)立即見(jiàn)效的承諾But, if you approach the situation with a clear view of what you 're actually trying to accomplish by dieting 但如果你在 決定前先明確自己通過(guò)節(jié)食要達(dá)

8、到的目標(biāo)whether that 's weight loss, better nutrition, or having more energy 不論是為了減重、補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)或是提高精力 that 'ellquip you to sift （ 篩 分 ; 精 選 ） through this information critically, find what young forlo 你會(huì)批半 U性的篩選這些信息，找到你想要的and decide whether the new fad really suits your needs. 并 判斷這一新的節(jié)食方法是否真正滿足你的需求。2

9、: Gather your information 收集你的信息There ' s lots of it out there 因?yàn)樾畔⑻嗔?so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what ' s relevant 所以明確的問(wèn)題能幫你找出相關(guān)信息。If you ' re trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition 如果你想通過(guò)控制飲食來(lái)增強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)的吸收you may ask an expert for their adv

10、ice, or seek other people 'tsestimonies （證詞 ; 證明，證據(jù)） .你可能會(huì)向?qū)＜?咨詢意見(jiàn)或?qū)ふ疫^(guò)來(lái)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)Information gathering helps you weigh different options收集信息能幫助你權(quán)衡不同的選項(xiàng)moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal. 使你 做出符合目標(biāo)的決定。3: Apply the information 應(yīng)用你的信息 something you do by asking critical questions.即詢問(wèn)批判性

11、問(wèn)題Facing a decision, ask yourself ：當(dāng)你面對(duì)一個(gè)選擇時(shí)，先 問(wèn)問(wèn)自己 what concepts are at work?' What assumptions exist?'這個(gè)事情的本質(zhì)概念是什么？存在哪些假設(shè)？ Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?'我對(duì)信息的推斷邏輯正確嗎？For example, in an email thatpromises you millions, you should consider 比如 在一封許諾給你上百萬(wàn)的郵件里 你 該

12、考慮一下 whatis shaping my approach to this situation?'I Doassume the sender is telling the truth? '我做出決定的動(dòng)機(jī)是 什么，我會(huì)假設(shè)發(fā)件人說(shuō)的是真的嗎 Based on the evidence, is it logical to assume I ' ll win any money?'基于實(shí)證 我能贏錢的假設(shè)合乎邏輯嗎4: Consider the implications 考慮潛在影響Imagine it ' s election tin想象大選時(shí)，and

13、 you ' ve selecteda political candidate based on their promise to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas. 你根據(jù)一位參選者降低 油價(jià)的承諾而決定選他 At first glance , that seems great. 這 個(gè)承諾乍一看還挺是那么回事 But what about the long-term environmental effects ?但又怎么說(shuō)它對(duì)環(huán)境的長(zhǎng)期影響 呢？If gasoline use is less restricted by co

14、st, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution 若對(duì)使用汽油的價(jià)格約 束變小，空氣污染可能洶涌來(lái)襲an unintended （非故意的， 無(wú)意識(shí)的 ;） consequence that ' s important to think about. 考慮這種潛在的影響是非常重要的。5: Explore other points of view 探究其他觀點(diǎn)Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing political c

15、andidate. 比如，問(wèn)問(wèn)自己為什么那么多其他人選擇另一個(gè)參選人的政策呢？能解Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says, 盡管那個(gè)參選人的政策你一個(gè)字都不贊成 exploring the full spectrum （光譜 ; 波譜 ; 范圍 ; 系列） of viewpoints 但是了解全方位的觀點(diǎn) might explain why some policies th at don ' t seem valid to you appeal to others. 釋為啥你不感冒的政策會(huì)吸引別人This wil

16、l allow you to explore alternatives （替代的 ; 備選的 ; 其他的 ;,） evaluate your own choices 這使你可以探索其他 選擇，評(píng)估自己的選擇and ultimately （最后，最終 ; 基本 ）help you make more informed decisions. 并幫助你做出更明智的決定。This five-step process is just one tool, 這五步法只是一種方 法 and it certainly won era'dictate （摧毀 ; 完全根除 ; ） difficult decisions from our lives 它無(wú)法為我們徹底抹除生活中的艱 難批判性思維給But, it can help us increase the number of positi