國(guó)際支付及結(jié)算chapter 2

1、Chapter 2Introduction to International Payments and Settlements國(guó)際支付與結(jié)算概述國(guó)際支付與結(jié)算概述Chapter 2 Introduction2.1 Definitionfinancial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle account, debts, claims,

2、 etc., emerged in the course of political, economic or cultural contacts among them.Chapter 2 IntroductionThey are money transfers as a result of international clearing, such as:(1)Visible trade; (2)Invisible trade; (3)Financial transaction; (4)Payments between governments; (5)Others.Chapter 2 Intro

3、ductionThe special implication of international payment and settlement practicenInternational trade settlement - the role of banksnInternational non-trade settlementChapter 2 Introduction2.2 Evolution1. From cash settlement to non-cash settlement2. From direct payment made between international trad

4、ers to payment effected trough a financial intermediary3. From payments under simple price terms to payments under more complex price terms4. Internet era13 century A.D.InstrumentsBill of exchangePromissory NoteCheque/checkNon-Cash Settlement非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算Exchange for GBP1,250.00 Beijing,1 April,2003At

5、sight pay to the order of DEF Co.the sum of Pounds one thousand two hundred and fifty onlyTo XYZ Bank, For ABC Co., Beijing London (signature) End of 18 centuryExpensiveRiskyTurnover of funds slowForeign exchange bankChapter 2 Introduction（1）From cash settlement to non-cash settlementBill of exchang

6、eForeign exchange bank13 century A.D.end of 18 century A.D.Foreign exchange marketChapter 2 Introduction（2）From direct payment made between international traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary With the worldwide banking network and modern banking technicality, banks can not onl

7、y provide easy and quick transfer of funds needed for conducting international trade but also furnish their customers with valuable economic and credit information. Chapter 2 Introduction（3）From payments under simple price terms to payments under more complex price termsIn the past, international tr

8、ade payments were settled on very simple price terms, such as cash on delivery, cash on shipment, cash with order, cash before shipment, etc. In modern international trade, a more comprehensive and exact set of terms has been developed.Chapter 2 Introduction（4）Internet eraWith the development of com

9、puter technology, business is done and payments and settlements are effected by means of all kinds of payment systems, which makes it quicker and safer and more convenient for both the Buyer and Seller. Nowadays, Internet is developing very fast. This new type of business transaction is called net b

10、anking. Although there are a lot of problems to be solved，net banking is very promising. Chapter 2 IntroductionChapter 2 Introduction2.3 Characteristics of Modern International Payments and SettlementsnVarious instruments are widely usednBanks become the center of international settlementsnVehicle c

11、urrencies are more diversified than beforenElectronic devices are widely usednInternational lending is often combined with international paymentsChapter 2 IntroductionSWIFT： Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications （環(huán)球同業(yè)銀行金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)）CHIPS：Clearing House Interbank Payment System （紐約清算

12、所銀行同業(yè)支付系統(tǒng)） CHAPS：the Clearing House Automated Payments System（倫敦自動(dòng)支付清算系統(tǒng)）FEDWIRE：Federal Reserves Wire Transfer System（聯(lián)邦資金轉(zhuǎn)賬系統(tǒng)）EDI：Electrical data interchange （電子數(shù)據(jù)交換） P P R R環(huán)球銀行間金融環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)電訊協(xié)會(huì)紐約清算所交換銀紐約清算所交換銀行相互收付系統(tǒng)行相互收付系統(tǒng)倫敦交換銀行倫敦交換銀行自動(dòng)收付系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)收付系統(tǒng)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備清算系統(tǒng)清算系統(tǒng) communication meshwork/networkC

13、hapter 2 IntroductionSWIFT:The Society For Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications(環(huán)球環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)) 19731973年年5 5月成立月成立, ,總部設(shè)在布魯塞爾。目前，全總部設(shè)在布魯塞爾。目前，全世界已有超過(guò)世界已有超過(guò)200200個(gè)國(guó)家的個(gè)國(guó)家的70007000多個(gè)銀行在使用多個(gè)銀行在使用SWIFT SWIFT 。計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)在荷蘭和美國(guó)設(shè)有運(yùn)。計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)在荷蘭和美國(guó)設(shè)有運(yùn)行中心，在各會(huì)員國(guó)設(shè)有地區(qū)處理站。行中心，在各會(huì)員國(guó)設(shè)有地區(qū)處理站。 2002

14、2002年，年，SWIFTSWIFT報(bào)文承載量達(dá)報(bào)文承載量達(dá)8 8億，日均億，日均7 7百萬(wàn)條百萬(wàn)條，金額超過(guò)，金額超過(guò)6 6萬(wàn)億歐元。萬(wàn)億歐元。 中國(guó)是中國(guó)是SWIFTSWIFT會(huì)員國(guó)。中國(guó)銀行作為中國(guó)的外匯會(huì)員國(guó)。中國(guó)銀行作為中國(guó)的外匯外貿(mào)專業(yè)銀行于外貿(mào)專業(yè)銀行于19831983年年2 2月加入月加入SWIFTSWIFT，成為中國(guó)，成為中國(guó)第一家會(huì)員銀行，第一家會(huì)員銀行，19851985年年5 5月月1313日，中國(guó)銀行正式日，中國(guó)銀行正式開通開通SWIFTSWIFT。 2020世紀(jì)世紀(jì)9090年代開始，中國(guó)所有可以辦理國(guó)際金融年代開始，中國(guó)所有可以辦理國(guó)際金融業(yè)務(wù)的國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行、外資和僑

15、資銀行以及地方業(yè)務(wù)的國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行、外資和僑資銀行以及地方銀行紛紛加入銀行紛紛加入SWIFTSWIFT。 19961996年中國(guó)年中國(guó)SWIFTSWIFT發(fā)報(bào)增長(zhǎng)率為發(fā)報(bào)增長(zhǎng)率為42.2%42.2%，在，在SWIFTSWIFT全球增長(zhǎng)率排名第一，中國(guó)銀行在全球增長(zhǎng)率排名第一，中國(guó)銀行在SWIFTSWIFT前前4040家大家大用戶中排名用戶中排名3434位。位。 中國(guó)銀行每日中國(guó)銀行每日SWIFTSWIFT發(fā)報(bào)量達(dá)發(fā)報(bào)量達(dá)3 3萬(wàn)多筆，采用萬(wàn)多筆，采用SWIFTSWIFT方式進(jìn)行收發(fā)電報(bào)已占到全行電訊總收付量方式進(jìn)行收發(fā)電報(bào)已占到全行電訊總收付量的的90%90%。SWIFTSWIFT網(wǎng)絡(luò)是國(guó)際結(jié)算

16、、收付清算、外匯資金買賣網(wǎng)絡(luò)是國(guó)際結(jié)算、收付清算、外匯資金買賣、國(guó)際匯兌等各種業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)的通訊主渠道，部分、國(guó)際匯兌等各種業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)的通訊主渠道，部分業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)化處理。業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)化處理。chaining(SWIFT study):chaining(SWIFT study):http:/ 1.SWIFT needs member qualification. 2.SWIFTs charge is low. Its about 18% of that used by telex, and 2.5% of that used by cable.3.SWIFT is safer. (SWIFT a

17、uthenticate key)4.SWIFT has standard uniform format.Bank Identified codeBank of ChinaBKCH CN BJThe Industrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaICBK CN BJThe Agricultural Bank of ChinaABOC CN BJThe Investment Bank of ChinaIBOC ON BJThe Communication Bank of ChinaCOMM CN BJChina Construction BankPCBC CN BJ

18、The Peoples Bank of ChinaPBOC CN BJChina Citic BankCIBK CN BJAmerica Bank , Shanghai BranchBOFX CN SXHongKong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Ltd. HSBC CN SX加入加入SWIFTSWIFT的中國(guó)境內(nèi)銀行的中國(guó)境內(nèi)銀行 19701970年年4 4月成立月成立, ,國(guó)際美元支付系統(tǒng)。它是一個(gè)國(guó)際美元支付系統(tǒng)。它是一個(gè)著名的私營(yíng)跨國(guó)大額美元支付系統(tǒng)，是跨國(guó)美元著名的私營(yíng)跨國(guó)大額美元支付系統(tǒng)，是跨國(guó)美元交易的主要結(jié)算渠道。交易的主要結(jié)算渠道。 通

19、過(guò)通過(guò)CHIPSCHIPS處理的美元交易額約占全球美元總交處理的美元交易額約占全球美元總交易額的易額的95%95%。 CHIPSCHIPS成員有紐約清算所協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員、紐約市商業(yè)成員有紐約清算所協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員、紐約市商業(yè)銀行、外國(guó)銀行在紐約的分支機(jī)構(gòu)等。銀行、外國(guó)銀行在紐約的分支機(jī)構(gòu)等。 CHIPSCHIPS是一個(gè)凈額支付清算系統(tǒng)，它租用了高速是一個(gè)凈額支付清算系統(tǒng)，它租用了高速傳輸線路，有一個(gè)主處理中心和一個(gè)備份處理中傳輸線路，有一個(gè)主處理中心和一個(gè)備份處理中心。每日營(yíng)業(yè)終止后，進(jìn)行收付差額清算，每日心。每日營(yíng)業(yè)終止后，進(jìn)行收付差額清算，每日下午六時(shí)（紐約時(shí)間）完成資金轉(zhuǎn)賬。下午六時(shí)（紐約時(shí)間）完成資

20、金轉(zhuǎn)賬。CHIPS:Clearing House Interbank Payments System.（跨國(guó)美元支付系統(tǒng)）（跨國(guó)美元支付系統(tǒng)）CHAPS: Clearing House AutomatedPayment System 英國(guó)大額英鎊清算系統(tǒng)。在英國(guó)大額英鎊清算系統(tǒng)。在CHAPSCHAPS下，下，1212家交換家交換銀行成為結(jié)算銀行，由八條信息通道把它們和該銀行成為結(jié)算銀行，由八條信息通道把它們和該系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)信息轉(zhuǎn)換中心連接起來(lái)。系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)信息轉(zhuǎn)換中心連接起來(lái)。 CHAPS用于英鎊資金交換的當(dāng)日用于英鎊資金交換的當(dāng)日 結(jié)算結(jié)算,主要由英主要由英國(guó)大型清算銀行和英格蘭銀行使用。國(guó)大型

21、清算銀行和英格蘭銀行使用。 它歸美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)所有，它歸美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)所有，19131913年建立，年建立，F(xiàn)EDWIREFEDWIRE將全將全美劃分為美劃分為1212個(gè)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備區(qū)、個(gè)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備區(qū)、2525個(gè)分行和個(gè)分行和1111個(gè)專門個(gè)專門的支付處理中心，主要用于金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間的隔夜的支付處理中心，主要用于金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間的隔夜拆借、行間清算、公司之間的大額交易結(jié)算，美拆借、行間清算、公司之間的大額交易結(jié)算，美國(guó)政府與國(guó)際組織的記賬債券轉(zhuǎn)移業(yè)務(wù)等等。國(guó)政府與國(guó)際組織的記賬債券轉(zhuǎn)移業(yè)務(wù)等等。 由于該系統(tǒng)有專用的實(shí)現(xiàn)資金轉(zhuǎn)移的電碼通訊由于該系統(tǒng)有專用的實(shí)現(xiàn)資金轉(zhuǎn)移的電碼通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，權(quán)威性、安全性較高。此外它還承擔(dān)著美網(wǎng)絡(luò)

22、，權(quán)威性、安全性較高。此外它還承擔(dān)著美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)貨幣政策操作及政府債券買賣的重要任務(wù)。聯(lián)儲(chǔ)貨幣政策操作及政府債券買賣的重要任務(wù)。 它每日運(yùn)行它每日運(yùn)行1818個(gè)小時(shí)，每筆大額的資金轉(zhuǎn)賬從個(gè)小時(shí)，每筆大額的資金轉(zhuǎn)賬從發(fā)起、處理到完成，運(yùn)行全部自動(dòng)化。發(fā)起、處理到完成，運(yùn)行全部自動(dòng)化。FEDWIRE: Federal Reserves Wire Transfer System（全美境內(nèi)美元支付系統(tǒng)）全美境內(nèi)美元支付系統(tǒng)）Bank relationships in international Settlements (1)Sisters Bank/overseas branch海外分海外分行行(2)Rep

23、resentative Bank (Correspondent)代理行代理行 (3)Accounting Bank賬戶行賬戶行 Chapter 2 IntroductionThe Worldwide Network of Banks1、 Representative Office(代表處代表處)2、 Agency Office(代理處代理處)3、 Overseas Sister Bank/Branch, Sub branch(海海外分、支行外分、支行(境外聯(lián)行境外聯(lián)行)4、 Correspondent Banks(代理銀行代理銀行)5、 Subsidiary Banks(附屬銀行附屬銀行(子銀

24、行子銀行) 6、 Affiliated Banks(聯(lián)營(yíng)銀行聯(lián)營(yíng)銀行) 7、 Consortium Bank(銀團(tuán)銀行銀團(tuán)銀行) Chapter 2 IntroductionChapter 2 Introduction2.5 Correspondent Banking Relationship1. Definition of correspondent bank: a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bankCorrespondent Banking is an arrangeme

25、nt under which one bank (correspondent) holds deposits owned by other banks (respondents) and provides payment and other services to those respondent banks.In a sense, banks themselves are the best customers for each other. The bank may open deposit accounts with, and entrust business to each other

26、on a reciprocal basis.Chapter 2 IntroductionWhen selecting a bank as a correspondent bank, what factors should be taken into account?The reputation of the bank; Size of the bank; Location of the bank; Services offered by the bank; Fundamental policies and strength of the bank; Physical features and

27、personnel; Momentum of early start, etc.Chapter 2 IntroductionChapter 2 Introduction2. Control documentsnLists of specimen of authorized signatures是銀行列示的所有有權(quán)簽字的人的有權(quán)簽字額度、簽字范圍、有效簽字組合方式以及親筆簽字字樣。代理行可憑其核對(duì)對(duì)方銀行發(fā)來(lái)的電報(bào)、電傳等的真實(shí)性。nTelegraphic test keys是兩家代理行之間事先約定的專用押碼，在發(fā)送電報(bào)時(shí)，由發(fā)送電報(bào)的銀行在電文前面加注，經(jīng)接受電報(bào)的銀行核對(duì)相符，用以確認(rèn)電報(bào)的

28、真實(shí)性。nTerms and conditionsnSWIFT authentic keyChapter 2 Introduction3. Inter-bank accountsA current account or a checking account may be opened between banks with the establishment of a correspondent banking relationship. Any bank before opening an account in its correspondent bank, must be aware of

29、the detailed conditions of this connection, such as amount of initial deposit, minimum credit balance for covering the cost of services provided, interest rate of the account, overdraft permission, and how often the statement of account is sent. Nostro account往賬往賬The Italian word “Nostro” means “our

30、”. Nostro account is the foreign currency account(due from account)of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.我行在它行開立的存款賬戶我行在它行開立的存款賬戶Vostro account來(lái)賬來(lái)賬The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. Vostro account is an account(due to account)held by

31、a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank它行在我行開立的存款賬它行在我行開立的存款賬戶戶Chapter 2 IntroductionNostro account: is the foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international settlements.From the point of Bank of China, a nostro account is our banks account in the books of an overseas bank, den