初中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法

1、初中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，顧名思義，即不能作句子的謂語(yǔ)用的動(dòng)詞，也稱(chēng)動(dòng)詞的非限定形式。主要分為動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)名詞四種，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有動(dòng)詞的特征，可有自己的狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitive）動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，有加“to”和省to兩種形式，可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。1、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)。To get an Injection is a little painful.To complain too much isnt a good thing.注：（1）不定式作主語(yǔ)，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)看

2、成一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，還可用it作形式主語(yǔ)而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如It takes me two hours to finish my English homework.Its difficult to Learn English Well.(2)不定式作主語(yǔ)有兩種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，一般認(rèn)為是由for 或of引導(dǎo)其邏輯主語(yǔ)，如Its important for us learn a foreign language.Its difficult for us to finish it on time.Its kind /good/nice of you to help me.Its c

3、lever /foolish/polite/careful/careless of you to do that.2、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。My job is to feed animals.Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy.His wish is to become a singer.3、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)He wants to borrow a book from me.I hope to see my pen friend as soon as possible.Children love to play games.I foun

4、d it difficult to get on with him.(it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)為不定式)注：不定式有時(shí)與疑問(wèn)句where, how, what, which, when, who 等連用，作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：            What to doI dont know    How to do it             &#

5、160;  Where to go                When to set off                Which one to choose            

6、    Who to askHe gave a talk on how to study English Well.4、不定式作定語(yǔ)Would you like something to drink /to read/to eat?I have a lot of homework to do.I have something important to tell you.5、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。分省“to”和加“to”兩種。I told him to do it himself.(加to)He asked me to buy some oranges for him.（加to

7、）e didnt expect him to be the winner.(加to)I often saw him go to the cinema last year.(省to)Please let the boy come in.（省to）The boss makes the workers work ten hours a day.(省to)注：感觀動(dòng)詞（see, watch, notice, hear, feel）和使役動(dòng)詞（have, let , make）后用省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式前加to，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)相應(yīng)變成主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如；The workers are made

8、 to work ten hours a day.6、作狀語(yǔ)They went to the shop to buy some school things.(目的狀語(yǔ))My sister to young to go to school.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）三、現(xiàn)在分詞（The Present Participle）和過(guò)去分詞（The Past Participle）現(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞加“ing”構(gòu)成（構(gòu)成方式略）表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加“ed”或查不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表，一般表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已完成。分詞主要起形容詞和副詞作用，可在句中作表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)等成份。1、作表語(yǔ) The new

9、s is exciting. The result is amazing The window is broken. The door is locked.2、作定語(yǔ)Do you know the young man standing under the tree?The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt.I like to read books written by LuXun.She asked Grandma to put a bookmark in each of the borrowed books.Then we

10、can see many dinosaurs discovered by you in the museums.3、作狀語(yǔ)A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(結(jié)果)They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴隨）Given more time, I can finish the work myself.（條件）4、作賓補(bǔ)I hear a girl singing in the next room.Ill have my hair cut tomor

11、row.We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square.四、動(dòng)名詞（The Gerund）在形式上，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞無(wú)法區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在分詞里一個(gè)動(dòng)詞性的形容詞，而動(dòng)名詞則是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞性的名詞，它具有名詞的絕大多數(shù)特征，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)等成份。1、作主語(yǔ)Seeing is believing.（眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)）Selling computers to foreign countries is his job.Picking apples is much better than having classes.注：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)可與表語(yǔ)

12、對(duì)調(diào)位置；有時(shí)也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將動(dòng)名詞放于句末。如：His job is selling computers to foreign countries.（主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)可互換）Its no use complaining about others.2、作表語(yǔ)His job is feeding animals.The only thing that I want to do is sleeping.3、作賓語(yǔ)，分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)與介詞賓語(yǔ)兩種。Tom enjoys living in Beijing.Have you finished reading that novel?Would you m

13、ind my opening the door.I often practice speaking English with foreigners.Thank you for teaching us so well.What about going fishing tomorrow?注：有些動(dòng)詞后加不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種截然不同的含義。如：go on to do sth（接著做另一件事）    go on doing sth（繼續(xù)做同一件事）    forget /remember to do sth（記住或忘記去做某事，還未做）

14、    forget /remember doing sth（記住或忘記做過(guò)某事，事先已做過(guò)）    stop to do sth（停下來(lái)做某事）    stop doing sth（停止做某事）4、作定語(yǔ)    a swimming pool 游泳池      a sleeping car 臥鋪車(chē)廂    a reading room  閱覽室   

15、60;  a walking stick 手杖注：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的作用，可改成定語(yǔ)從句，而動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明被修飾詞的類(lèi)別、功能或性質(zhì)，不可以改成定語(yǔ)從句。The sleeping child=the child who is sleepingThe woman talking with my father is my English teacher.=The woman who is talking with my father is my English teacher. 附錄2：簡(jiǎn)單又快捷熟記非謂語(yǔ)

16、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞使用原形：1. Will / Would you please + ( not ) +  V(原).?2.Why not +V(原).? = Why dont you + V(原)3. had better ( not ) +V(原)加動(dòng)詞不定式省to:                            &

17、#160;                     使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式省to:1. let / make / have sb. do讓/使某人做    2. watch  /see / hear / notice / feel  sb. do .注意：在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省to的不定式在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加to對(duì)比：  

18、;1.        hear / see sb. do     聽(tīng)見(jiàn) / 看見(jiàn)做了hear / see sb. doing.  聽(tīng)見(jiàn) / 看見(jiàn)正做       used to do                 過(guò)去常常做 ,不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是固定短語(yǔ)2.

19、          be / get/ become used to doing 習(xí)慣于做被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be used for doing            被用于做.         be used to do .         

20、;       被用于做.動(dòng)詞后面加不定式：1. tell sb.(not ) to do      告訴某人（不）做     2. ask sb.( not ) to do叫某人（不） 做3. want to do .= would like to do     想做.   3.  want sb. to do. = would like sb to do. 想要某

21、人做. .4.  plan to do . 計(jì)劃做                      5. begin to do, start to do, start packing6.  try to do. 努力/盡力做 try to learn English well7.  children love  to play this game

22、60;              8. call to do     打電話做9.  hope to do ,   hope( that) +句子                 10. be sorry to do  很抱歉做11. en

23、courage sb. to do  鼓勵(lì)某人做 .             12. help (sb) (to) do13. get sb. to do.        使某人做某事           14. learn to do.學(xué)做.15. teach sb. to do.  &

24、#160;  教某人做             16. decide to do . 決定做.17. wish sb. to do .    希望/愿某人做某事        18. allow sb. to do允許某人做.19. warn sb. not to do   警告某人不要做     

25、  20. deserve to do. 注定做21. (cant) afford to do  (不能)負(fù)擔(dān)得起做      22.cant wait to do迫不及待做.23. seem to do         似乎要做             24. be to do 將要做25. refuse to do.

26、0;       拒絕做.                26. agree to do.同意做.27. expect to do.       期望做.          28. expect sb. to do .期望某人做29. se

27、t ones mind to do.          一心想做某事 30. make up ones mind to do.     下定決心做某事31. prefer to do rather than do.寧愿做而不做32. It takes sb. some time to do sth.   花某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事33. Its + adj. + (for sb. ) to do .   . &#

28、160;   （對(duì)于某人）做某事adj.34. sb. finds it to do.              某人發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事.35. Its better / best ( for sb.) to do       較好/最好做.接動(dòng)名詞：1. enjoy doing, enjoy oneself        &

29、#160; 2. finish doing3. hate doing         討厭做.       4. be good at sth. = do well in sth.be good at doing = do well in doing.5. what / how about doing?           6. thank sb.

30、 for doing.     感謝某人做.7. have fun doing     做有樂(lè)趣       8. have problems / difficult doing做有困難/問(wèn)題9. give up doing.      放棄做         10. take part in doing.  

31、;  （積極）參加做.11. make a contribution to doing.12. practise doing                   13. be worth doing      值得做14. feel like doing.     想要做.    

32、0; 15. be interested in doing16. by doing           通過(guò)， 以.   17. the way of doing.       做.的方法18. keep doing        一直做      19. keep sb. doing&#

33、160;      讓某人一直做   keep on doing       反復(fù)做.20. succeed in doing   成功做某事      21. be busy doing.             22. spend .(in) doing. 花時(shí)間/錢(qián)做23. cant

34、 help doing .   禁不住 / 情不自禁做某事24. instead of doing.   代替做某事 25. prefer doing . to doing          寧愿做而不是做 ; 較喜歡做而不是做.20. keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing. 阻止某人做某事19. mind (sb. / ones）doing           介意(某人)做. 既可加不定式,又可加動(dòng)名詞, 但有區(qū)別:1. like doing       表示一般情況          &#