專項練習(xí)之現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時

1、【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：寒假復(fù)習(xí)專題 現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時二. 教學(xué)過程：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)由“助動詞have（has）過去分詞”構(gòu)成，它可以表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與一些時間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等連用，也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如these days, today, this year, so far等連用。如：Ive just had my lunch. 我剛剛吃過午飯。（影響是：現(xiàn)在我不餓了。）She has already p

2、osted the photos. 她已經(jīng)寄走了相片。（結(jié)果是：這些相片已不在她這里了。）1. Im sorry you the wonderful football game. It was just over.（青島市） A. have lost B. have missed C. are missing D. will lose2. You seem to know much about the city.Thats true. I it three times.（紹興市） A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visit3.

3、 Would you like to visit Shantou City with me this summer vacation?No, thanks. I it before. Besides, its hot and humid there in summer.（四川省自貢市） A. have visited B. visited C. will visit4. It is said the Chery（奇瑞） a new kind of car recently.（安徽省蕪湖市）A. has developed B. developed C. develops D. had deve

4、loped現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還可以表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將繼續(xù)下去。可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用，即for時間段，since時間點(diǎn)/從句，in the last ten years等，在這種用法中，表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞。如：Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識李磊已經(jīng)有三年了。He has been at this school for over two years. 他在這個學(xué)校已經(jīng)有兩年多了。They have lived here since 2002. 自從2002年以來，他們就

5、住在這里。How long have you worked in this library? 你在這個圖書館里工作有多久了？He has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來到這所學(xué)校，他一直在教我們。He a million yuan to Wenchuan since the earthquake.（臨沂市）A. has given away B. gave away C. have given away D. gives away特征詞 already（肯定句） yet（否定句和疑問句） never, ever（疑問句） just（謂語動

6、詞之前） before（句末）Hasnt Betty come yet?No, and I for her for nearly 2 hours.（武漢市）A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited in the past/last few years（過去幾年來） so farup to nowtill nowby now these days since /ever since過去時間點(diǎn) for時間段 注意：since一段時間agofor時間段; since two weeks agofor two weeks; I have kept t

7、he library book for a week.I have kept the library book since a week ago. since時間點(diǎn)for時間段 since 2000for 8 yearssince從句（常用一般過去時）The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris.have got, has got 雖然是現(xiàn)在完成時, 但have gothave; has gothas I have a new bike.I have got a new bike.英語的動詞根據(jù)詞

8、義可分為兩種，一種是延續(xù)性的，一種是終止性的，終止性動詞（也可稱為非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或點(diǎn)動詞），如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示動作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成，不能再延續(xù)，所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用，既不能與表示一段時間的狀語，for時間段, since時間點(diǎn)/從句連用，也不能用在以how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。Ive left Shanghai for three days.（×）Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.（）.I left Shanghai th

9、ree days ago.（）終止性動詞要表示持續(xù)時，可用以下方法： 將時間狀語改為時間段ago，句中謂語動詞用一般過去時。 eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟參軍兩年了。 若保留for時間段，since時間點(diǎn)/從句，或用在 how long句型中，則需將終止性動詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞或延續(xù)性動詞。 常見終止性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞（或狀態(tài)動詞）的對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下：open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-we

10、ar leave-be away（from）buy-have sleep /fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold come backbe back get up-be upcome/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/atjoin the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party /be a Party member My brother has been in the army for t

11、wo years.My brother has been a soldier for two years. 1. Bad luck! Its too late!It doesnt matter. The movie for only a few minutes. You cant miss it.（濰坊市）A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. was on2. You have my dictionary for two weeks.Sorry, Ill give it back to you right now.（四川省南充市）A. lent B.

12、borrowed C. kept現(xiàn)在完成時中been to, gone to和been in/at （1）been to去過某地，表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷，可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等連用。 eg. She has been to Shanghai twice.（表示目前人在這里） （2）gone to 去某地了，說話時某人已離開此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。eg. She has gone to Shanghai.（表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里） （3）been in/at 逗留在某地（已經(jīng)有一段時間）.常和for ten days, since I cam

13、e here等連用。eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. Is Mr. Black at home?Sorry, he isnt in. He to Dalian for vacation.（遼寧省十二市）A. has gone B. went C. is going D. goes現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。而一般過去時表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。如：I have read the book. 我看過這本書。（我了解這本書的內(nèi)容）I read t

14、he book last week. 我上星期看了這本書。（只說明上星期“我”看了這本書，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況）He has lived here since 2002. 2002年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）He lived here in 2002. 2002年他住在這里。（不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否還住在這里）Chinas 24th science research team at Changcheng Station on January 5, 2008.Wonderful! Our scientists a lot in this field already.（哈爾濱市）A. have

15、 arrived; improved B. arrived; has improved C. arrived; have improved下面就給大家提供10句日常生活中極其常用的話，這10個句子都包括了一條最重要的語法：現(xiàn)在完成時。練熟這10個句子，語法也跟著運(yùn)用自如！1. I havent seen you for a long time. How have you been? 我很久沒見到你了。你好嗎？2. I have already told you three times! 我已經(jīng)跟你說了三次了！3. Ive just heard that youre married. 我剛聽說你

16、結(jié)婚了。4. Shes gone to work. Shell be back around five. 她去上班了。她大概五點(diǎn)左右回來。5. Ive never been to Hong Kong. 我從來沒去過香港。6. I havent been abroad so far. 我至今還沒有出過國。7. This is the best book Ive ever read. 這是我讀過的最好的書。8. Have you ever tried Thai food? 你吃過泰國菜嗎？9. Have you decided on your major yet? 你決定讀什么專業(yè)了嗎？10. H

17、ow long have you been here in China? 你在中國多久了？過去完成時概念：表示過去的過去過去完成時：即過去的過去所發(fā)生的事情！其構(gòu)成是：主語had過去分詞。用法： 表示過去某一時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，常與由by，before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.到上個月底為止我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了五千個單詞。I had finished the composition before supper.晚飯前我就已經(jīng)把作文寫完了。表示過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，常與由when，before等

18、連詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。When I woke up it had already stopped raining.我醒來的時候雨就已經(jīng)停了。I hadnt learned any English before I came here.我來這兒之前沒學(xué)過英語。用于賓語從句或間接引語中I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.我想知道誰不經(jīng)允許就把雨傘拿去。He told me that he had passed the exam.他告訴我他已通過考試?！灸M試題】（答題時間：50分鐘）I. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1

19、. So far we_（learn）ten thousand English words. 2. _Tom_（return）the library book？ Yes，he has. When _he _（return）it？ Half an hour ago. 3. _ you ever_（read）the book？ No, I_（read）it tomorrow. 4. Please dont go out to play football. You_（not finish）your homework yet.5. _they really_（be）in Beijing for a y

20、ear？ 6. _ you_（borrow）this book before？ Yes，I_（borrow）it last week. 7. I _ just _（find）my English book. Where _ you_（find）it？ II. 單項選擇1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D.

21、five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for

22、a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years already. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. lived 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou_ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ Chin

23、a since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. You have never been to the Great Wall, _ you? A. do B. dont C. have D. havent 11. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 12. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont g

24、o, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began14. _ you _ _ England? Yes, it _ _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 15.

25、 _ you _ to the capital? No, I _. I_ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 16. Your sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? Yes, she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been

26、B. will go, has goneC. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 17. You havent read the book before, have you? _. A. Yes, I havent. B. No, I have. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I havent. 18. Where is Li Lei? He _ _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 19. How long may I _ _ the book? A. k

27、eep B. borrow C. lend D. give20. Mr Brown has _ _ here since last autumn. A. came B. worked C. arrived D. left21. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying22. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have

28、 known D. knew23. His father _ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in24. Do you know him well ? Sure. We _ friends since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made25. How long have you _ here? About two months.A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived26.

29、My parents _ _ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been27. _ _has Mr White been a member of Greener China？Since he _ to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 28. His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here

30、B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university29. _ have you been here in Beijing？ Since last month. A. How often B. How soon C. How far D. How long 30. The Browns have_ in China for about five years . A. come B. got C. arrived D. been III. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. He has learned English for 5 years.（對劃線部分提問）_ learned English ?2. I bought a new bike just now.（用just改寫） I just _ a new bike.3. We began to learn English three years ago.（改為同義句）We _ _English _ _ three years.4. They have been here since