中考定語從句講解(通俗易懂,含圖標式講解和練習)

1、中考定語從句講解（通俗易懂，含練習題） 定語從句請看下面的句子：I want to know the boy who is the tallest.分解 I know the girl.句子做定語修飾 boy（一）概念：定語從句：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子，叫定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。（二）定語從句的分類I、限定性定語從句：從句不可少，沒有它，先行詞的意思不明確，主句也不完整。與先行詞之間不用逗號。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.n、非限定性定語從句： 是對先行詞的補充說明，沒有它不會影響先

2、行詞或主句意思的完整性。從句一般用逗號同主句分開。e.g:Mr. Green , who is watching TV , is my uncle.（三）（限定性）定語從句的結構Mary is a girl who has long hair.”飛先行詞關系詞定語從句分解 I know the girl.分解 I know the girl.關系副詞關系代詞which, who, whom,whose, thatwhere, when, why（四）定語從句的實質(zhì)：二句合一（合并條件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Mary is a girl .合并為一個句子She has long hai

3、r.思路：留（保留先行詞）-舍（舍去與先行詞互指的詞）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.請把下列句子二句合一1. I saw the man. He closed the door-替（用關系詞代替舍去部分）2. The girl is happy. She won the race3. The man called the police . His wallet was stole n（五）定語從句關系詞的確定a. 先行詞的分類b. 先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞?. 先行詞做主語2. 先行詞做賓語who/thatwhich/thatwho/whom/th

4、atwhich/thatwhosewhose/of which3. 先行詞做定語4. 先行詞 做狀語：when, where, whywho, whom, whose, that 用法區(qū)別.who /that作定語從句的主語或賓語The man who/that is speak ing at the meet ing is a worker. 做題思路：先分解 一一分析一一再合并The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.作主語Whom /that作定語從句的賓語The woma n is a teacher.The woma

5、 n ( whom/that) they wan ted to visit is a teacher.They wan ted to visit the woma n.作賓語注意：關系代詞作動詞賓語時可省略whose作定語從句的定語I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl ' s mother is a teacher.作定語小結：關系詞判斷步驟首先，要辨別出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人，關系詞可能就用 who, that whom, whose。如果先行詞指物，關系詞可能用which或tha

6、t然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞主語賓語定語人who, thatwho(m), thatwhose物which, thatwhich,thatwhose, of which鞏固練習：用適當代關系詞填空1.1 have a friendlikes liste ning to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was weari ng the new dressI gave her.3. The manleg broke in a match used to be a football player.(六) 只能用that,不能用which的情

7、況：(1) 先行詞為 all, everything，anything， nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one 等不定代詞時；(2) 先行詞被形容詞最高級所修飾或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, oneof等修飾時：(3) 先行詞為數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞(含last )修飾時。(4 )先行詞是并列詞組既有人又有物時。(5)在以who, which開頭的句子中為了避免重復?？谠E：不定代詞這一伙，全用 that準沒錯先行詞前有修飾，千萬不能用whic

8、h.請在以下例句中體會以上規(guī)則：1. Here is someth ing that I will tell you.2. We haven ' t got much that we can offer you.3. Is it the one that you want ?4. This is the most in teresti ng story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the pers ons and some pictures that I see.6. Which is the bike that you

9、lost?7. Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?(七) 只能使用which的情況1. 關系代詞前有介詞時；2. 先行詞本身是that時；3. 非限定定語從句口訣:要有which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。e.g:1.Thisis the classroom in which we studied for two year.2.She has two dolls, which are from her parents單項選擇：1. This is the bagmy mother bought yesterday.A. that B.

10、 who C. whom D. this2. The girlyou saw in the street is Mary.A. that B. whoseC. which D. as3. Is this the factorya lot of stude nts visited yesterday?A. the one B. which C. who D. whom4.Is this factorya lot of stude nts visited ?A. the one B. which C. who D. who5. The only Ianguageis easy to learn i

11、s the mother tongue.A. which B. that C. / D. it6. The girl han ded everyth ingshe had picked up in the street to the police.A. which B. i n which C. that D. all7. clea ns the blackboard should be praised.A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The stude nts who 當關系詞作定語從句的主語時，從句謂語動詞的形式應與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持 致。 若句中無先行

12、詞，先補出先行詞再判斷用法。（4,7題）完成下列句子：1. 這就是救了那個孩子命的醫(yī)生.who saved the boy ' s lifeThis is the doctor2. 正在跑步的那個人是我的叔叔.who is runningThe man is my uncle.3. 我看見一位錢包丟失了的婦女。I saw a woma nwhose bag was stole n /whose bag was lost.4. 住在隔壁的那個小伙的是教師.The young man is a teacher.who lives n ext door 注意：定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句影響?！径?/p>

13、語從句中考真題演練】1、There are lots of thingsI need to prepare before the trip.（河北省卷 ）A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose2、 Jim dislikes peopletalk much but never do anything.（吉林省通化市）A.whomB.whe nC.whoseD.who3、 一 I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday.（江蘇省南京市）-Oh,how n ice!Do you know whe n he?A.leftB.was

14、leavi ngC.has leftD.had left4、 We are trying to help those childrenlost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.（ 浙江 省衢州市）A. whichB. whe nC. whoD. whose5、 Do you know the girlis singing in the classroom?（湖南長沙 ）A.whoB.whichC.whe n6、 一The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.（江蘇省揚州市）-Yes.They a

15、re helpi ng the peopleare sufferi ng from the earthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who7、 Have you found the answer to the questionI asked you this morning? （四川省成都市）A.whe nB.whatC.that8、Friends are thosemake you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you tosucceed.（河南省）A whichB whatC whomD who9、

16、 I began to work in Shanghai in the yearHongKong was returned to China.（湖北省十堰市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whe n10、 This is the schoolI studied three years ago.（山東省荷澤市）A. whereB. whe nC. thatD. which11、 一What do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龍江省哈爾濱市）I enjoy readi ng in the libraryI lose myself in a world of good books.A. whichB. thatC. where12、 一The villageI visited last year has changed a lot.（福建省福州市）-Really?I hope to go there on day.A.thatB.whoC.whe n13、 Th