初中階段不定式總結(jié)及習(xí)題及答案

1、unit 1-3語(yǔ)法-不定式 to do1不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式指通常由to加上動(dòng)詞原形 (如to write) 所構(gòu)成的一種動(dòng)詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。所有的主動(dòng)詞，不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，都有不定式形式。沒有不定式形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法功能上可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。2不定式的用法1)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago2.To finish that ta

2、sk in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情況下，如果不定式較長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語(yǔ)(形式主語(yǔ)it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time不定式

3、結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通常可以通過(guò)for sb. to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：如：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2. It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容詞(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式后可以加o

4、f來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2)不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)有兩種：一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式， 另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式。及物動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu):只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞，常見的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happ

5、en， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)代(副)詞+不定式：這類動(dòng)詞常見的有advi

6、se， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常見的疑問(wèn)代(副)詞有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有時(shí)，不定式可由it代替

7、，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：動(dòng)詞(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容詞+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.3)不定式做表語(yǔ)一種情況為主語(yǔ)是不定式(表示條件)；表語(yǔ)是不定式(表示結(jié)果)：1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living另一種情況為主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，

8、hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名詞為中心的短語(yǔ)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用：；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定式作定語(yǔ) 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語(yǔ)主要有三種類型：第一

9、種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting book to read如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was no

10、t able to find a chair to sit on第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish等。例如：1.Her

11、 daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語(yǔ)從句。例如作原因狀語(yǔ)：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area2.They are quite surprised bec

12、ause they see the great changes taking place in the area3.He was lucky to arrive before dark4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的狀語(yǔ)：1.She raised her voice to be heared better2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4.We went via

13、Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone4.He got to the station

14、 and was told that the train had gone不帶to的不定式的使用動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶to，但在有些搭配中不帶to，在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來(lái)，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：1) 在cancould， /maymight，willwould，shallshould，must， need，dare等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。2)在表示感覺意義的動(dòng)詞，如see初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如have，let，make等后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。例如：1.I

15、often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，當(dāng)這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard2.After he had finished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable questions3)在動(dòng)詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：1.Help the o

16、ld lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在had better，would rather，maymight as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5) 在make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1

17、et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：1.They let go of the rope他們松開了繩子。2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。3.Ive heard tell of him我聽說(shuō)過(guò)他。4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不足，一些教職員工被解雇了。6)在介詞but初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

18、，except之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to，反之則必須帶to，表示“不得不，只能”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining下面一些

19、短語(yǔ)是固定搭配，不帶to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一個(gè)固定搭配，就帶to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)緊跟在why或why not之后的動(dòng)詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who，what，which，whet

20、her等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out動(dòng)詞不定式練習(xí)

21、一. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting. I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _. 4. That you read English in the morni

22、ng is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭） He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get th

23、ere in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. 11.We made him work five

24、 hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 13.We dont know what we shall do next. We dont know what _ _ next. 14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news. Im very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a loo

25、k at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17.My father promised （許諾）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his do

26、g. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise.二. 單選：1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. The purpose of new technology i

27、s to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to st

28、udy in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly not _your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7

29、. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .dont make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. Id rather have a room of my own, how

30、ever small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _i

31、n a fire.A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take place B. to be taken placeC. to have taken place D. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time.A. and

32、 finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _for the bus _.A. wait, to come B.

33、 wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble.A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made19. I remem

34、ber _him _the bike needed _.A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. - You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so21. Ro

35、bert is said to _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying22. Im gong to Xian next week. Have you anything _ to your parents?A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy23. when are they _ in their plan?A.

36、hand B. handed C. to hand D. give24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will survive25. When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time.A. to have B. to be C. having D. being26. I lost my way

37、 in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. made B. having made C. making D. to make27. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest.A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking28. -Are you a student? -No, but

38、 I used _.A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut30. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is havi

39、ng a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled31. Were leaving at six oclock, and hope _ most of the journey by lunch time.A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _.A. understood B. to be understood C.

40、to understand D. understand33. Who will you get _ the project for us?A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know _.A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it35. We are not allowed _

41、 outdoors with some other children.A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role _in

42、making the earth a better place to live in.A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears

43、_ everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told40. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing41. The problem is _ difficult for us _.A. so; work out B. very too; to be worked outC. rather too, to wo

44、rk out D. quite too, to work it out42. -Where should I _ my application?-The personnel office is the place _.A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it toC. send for; for sending it D. send; to send it to43. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C.

45、 expects D. to be expecting44. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame45. Can you imagine the questions I had _ our teacher?A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. ask46. Who did you _ the wall yesterday?A. have painted B.

46、have paint C. have to paint D. have painting47. -Whats the matter with John?-He didnt pass the test but he still _.A. hopes so B. hopes to C. hope it D. hope that48. Much attention should be paid _ peoples living conditions.A. in improving B. to improve C. improving D. to improving49. _ that evening

47、 was due to his ill health.A. He failed to come B. That he failed to comingC. His failure to come D. His failure in coming50. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone51. My family considers _ a computer,

48、which is considered _ a great help in our work and study.A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be52. With the plane _ in ten minutes, all the passengers on board were asked to turn off their mobile phones.A. taken off B. taking off C. to take off D. would take off53. Thank

49、 you for all the trouble youve taken _ me.A. to help B. with to help C. in helping D. of helping54. He is believed _ the college exam, for he is now studying very hard now.A. to pass B. to have passed C. pass D. that he can pass55.- Will you have anybody _ the flowers?- Yes, Ill have the flowers _.A

50、. plant, planted B. to plant, plantedC. plant; to be planted D. to plant , plant56. They are looking forward with hope_ from you soon.A. to hearing B. of hearing C. hearing D. to hear57. Busy translating a book, he couldnt help _ the article.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. written58. Zhou Lan doesnt have to be made_. She always studies very hard.A. learn B. to learn C. le