初中賓語從句講解與練習(xí)

1、初中賓語從句講解與練習(xí) 一、考點(diǎn)掃描中考對(duì)賓語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：1、引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2、 賓語從句的語序；3、 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)選擇、語法選擇、完形填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到賓語從句。 二、基本概念 賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。 E.g. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. The boy was interested in whatever he saw here. 那孩子對(duì)在那里看到的任何事物都感興趣。 I am sure

2、 (that) he will succeed. 三、賓語從句的種類 根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。 四、用法詳解 1、引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇1）由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。典型例題 1.He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.2.She doesnt know （that） she is seriously ill.3.I am sure （that） he will succeed.2）由連接代詞who， whom， whose， what， which和連接

3、副詞when， where， why， how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。典型例題 1.Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for？2.He asked whose handwriting was the best.3.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is？4.I dont know why the train is late.3 ）由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。典型例題 1.I want to know if （w

4、hether） he lives there.2.He asked me whether （if） I could help him. 2、賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。典型例題 1.I hear （that） physics isnt easy.2.I think （that） you will like this school soon.3.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo？4.Please tell me when well have the meeting. 3、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)1、如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)

5、就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。典型例題1.I dont think (that) you are right.2.Please tell us where he is.3.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2、如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)， 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。典型例題1.He asked what time it was.2.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.3.He asked if you had

6、 written to Peter.4.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3、如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。典型例題 1.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.2.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 賓語從句連接詞妙用一、當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that 無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。典型例題1.She said that

7、 she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. 她說她會(huì)把留言條放在校長桌子上。典型例題2.He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。二、 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if 或whether 引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。典型例題1.Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag. 愛麗斯想知道她祖母是否喜歡這個(gè)包。典型例題2.I don't know whet

8、her he'll come the day after tomorrow. 我不知道他后天是否會(huì)來。但在下列情況下只能用whether：1.在具有選擇意義,又有or 或or not 時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not 連用時(shí),往往用whether(if or not 也可以使用)。典型例題1.Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come ) 讓我知道他是否能來。典型例題2. I don't know whether / if he does any wa

9、shing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. ) 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。典型例題3.I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 我想知道我們是去還是留。2. 在介詞之后用whether 。典型例題1.I'm interested in whether he likes English. 我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。2.We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. 我們正

10、在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。3.在不定式前用whether。典型例題1.He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man. 他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。典型例題2.I don't know whether to go. 我不知去否。典型例題3.He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train. 他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。4. whether 置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。典型例題Whether this is true or not , I can't sa

11、y. 這是否是真的我說不上來。5. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。典型例題1.Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。典型例題2.The question is whether we can catch the bus. 問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。6. 若用if 會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義時(shí)，要用whether。典型例題Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為： Please let me know whether you like the book. 請(qǐng)告訴我你是

12、否喜歡這本書。 If you like the book, please let me know. 你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。三、 如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。典型例題1.Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon? 你能告訴我我們今天下午將在哪兒開會(huì)嗎？典型例題2.I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack? 我不知道誰給我買了禮物。是杰克嗎？賓語從句巧記歌學(xué)習(xí)賓從三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語序和連詞。時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)：主句

13、若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意；主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過去；賓從若是表真理，時(shí)態(tài)不變無質(zhì)疑。語序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問句。That連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。從句若表“是否”時(shí)，if/whether要慎記。特殊問句作賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。三個(gè)問題需記牢，切莫丟東忘了西。 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)從句保留原來時(shí)態(tài)改為過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)和自然現(xiàn)象除外所謂過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)指的是如下的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(was/were doing)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)（had +過去分詞）一般將來時(shí)態(tài)過去將來時(shí)態(tài)（would do; was/were

14、going to do）單項(xiàng)選擇1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. where do you buy itC. where you bought it D. where did you buy it2.Excuse me .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1.A. whereB. howC. ifD. why3.Do you know _the new mob

15、ile phone last week? -Maybe 900 yuan. Im not quite sure.A. how much she paid forB. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And thats _ he succeeds .A. whatB. whenC. whyD. where5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. Its a

16、bout _.A. how did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terror（恐怖統(tǒng)治）B. what did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terrorC. how Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terrorD. what Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terror6. Do you know _the girl in red is? Im not sure. Maybe a teacher.A. whenB. howC. wher

17、eD. what7.What did your parents thank about your decision? -They always let me do _I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what8. I want to know _.A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arri

18、ve at9. -Would you please tell me _? -At 10:00 this evening. A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave10.Could you tell me_? -Fill in this form and I will give you a card.A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet CathyC. when I can meet Cathy11. Do you

19、know _ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _? -Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 13. No one can be sure_

20、 in a million years.A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like D. what man will look like14. Sue told me that she _ shopping with her sister the next day.A. will goB. would go C. goesD. has gone15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _.A. how much it cost B.

21、how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost16. -When do you think _?-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.A. he will come B. will he come C. did he comeD. he came17. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises18. -Listen!

22、0;It is still noisy in the head teachers office.-Go and see _ they have finished correcting the papers yet.A. though  B. whether C. unless  D. while19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I dont know _.A. when did he go abroad B.

23、why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad20. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how Keys:典型例題：1【解析】選C2【解析】選B3【解析】選A4【解析】選C5【解析】選C6【解析】選D7【解析】選D8【解析】選A9【解析】選B10【解析】選A11【解析】選B 12【解析】選A。結(jié)合題意“湯姆，如果天氣好

24、的話，你知道弗蘭克這個(gè)星期六將去動(dòng)物園嗎？”可知第一個(gè)空是賓語從句，要用一般將來時(shí)，第二個(gè)空是條件狀語從句，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故排除B、C、D三項(xiàng)，選A。13【解析】選D。從語序方面先排除B，另結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語in a million years可知要用一般將來時(shí)，14【解析】選B。結(jié)合主句中的told和從句中的the next day可知要用過去將來時(shí)，故排除A、C、D三項(xiàng) 15【解析】選C16【解析】選A。問句是帶有插入語do you think的賓語從句，要用陳述語序，先排除B、C二項(xiàng)；另結(jié)合答句中的will pick him up可知要用一般將來時(shí)，故舍D選A。17【解析】選D。從句中所說“

25、太陽從東邊升起”是客觀事實(shí)，所以不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句總是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故正確答案為D.18【解析】選B。考查whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。結(jié)合題意“去看看他們是否已改完了試卷”19【解析】選D20【解析】選B。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，結(jié)合答語“Maybe a reporter.”可知問句是在詢問人的職業(yè)，故正確答案為B。題意為“你知道那個(gè)戴眼鏡的男人是做什么的嗎？”。完成句子1.我經(jīng)常請(qǐng)教音樂老師怎樣才能夠彈好鋼琴。【2010廣州中考完成句子第74題】I often ask my music teacher play the piano well.2我想知道為什么你今天上學(xué)又遲道了。I want to know_ _ _ late for school again today. 【2011廣州中考完成句子第4題】3. 工人們不知道怎樣使用這臺(tái)新機(jī)器。The workers dont know _ _ _ th