定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、高一定語從句 (the Attributive Clause) 導(dǎo)學(xué)案【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 ：1、掌握定語從句的定義。 2、掌握關(guān)系代詞that, who, which, whom和whose的用法。3、掌握關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的用法。4、掌握介詞+which的用法5.、能夠靈活運(yùn)用定語從句。 【語法知識點(diǎn)】1. 定語從句-在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句2. 先行詞-被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。3. 關(guān)系詞-在先行詞和定語從句之

2、間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分成關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞.4. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三大作用：連接- 連接定語從句和主句替代- 替代前面的先行詞成分- 在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分 （主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語）例1. A huge crack （ that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide） （先行詞） (關(guān)系詞) （定語從句）cut across houses, roads and canals.【學(xué)習(xí)過程】Part1. 關(guān)系詞的使用1、完成表格關(guān)系代詞先行詞（指人或物）在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分例句分析that指人/物作主語、賓語（作

3、賓語時(shí)可以省略）A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.I dont know about the man (that) you mentioned.who指人作主語The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.whom指人作賓語（可以省略）The man (whom) you met yesterday is

4、 Mr. Smith.The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.which指物作主語、賓語（作賓語時(shí)可以省略）Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing.whose 指人/物作定語Workers built shelters for survivors whose

5、homes had been destroyed.= .the homes of whom had been destroyed.= of whom the homes had been destroyed【注】whose +n = the +n. +of which / whom 或 of which / whom + the +n. as正如.指人/物作主語、賓語（不可省略）We have found such materials as are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expe

6、cted, Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分例句分析when =介詞+which時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.where =介詞+which地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語This is the village where / in which I ever lived.why = for+ which原因原因狀語Do you know the reason why / fo

7、r which he is absent?【注】 定語從句的關(guān)系副詞when where why = 介詞+which, 但反之并不一定。 如：English is the subject in which Im interested.2. 做題方法：（1）找先行詞（2）還原-把先行詞放入定語從句（3）確定關(guān)系詞【練習(xí)1】用關(guān)系代詞that, who, whom, which或whose 填空，并指出它們在從句中作何成分。1. The eggs _ I bought yesterday were not fresh. （作_ ）2. He prefers the goose _ comes f

8、rom his parents farm. （作_ ）3. The noodles _ you cooked were delicious. （作_ ）4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken. （作_ ）5. The man _ lives next to us sells vegetables. （作_ ）6. I dont like the people _ smoke a lot. （作_ ）7. I prefer dumplings _ have just been cooked. （作_ ）8. Dont drink water _ h

9、as not been boiled. （作_ ）9. The man _ you met just now is my teacher. （作_ ）10. Plane is a machine _ can fly. （作_ ）觀察下面兩組句子1. A. This is the house _ I once lived in.先行詞指 ，關(guān)系詞在句中作 語，應(yīng)填 。B. This is the house _ I once lived. 先行詞指 ，關(guān)系詞在句中作 語，你知道應(yīng)填什么關(guān)系詞嗎？2. A. He was born in a day _was very hot.先行詞指 ，關(guān)系詞在

10、句中作 語，應(yīng)填 。B. He was born in a day _ it was very hot. 先行詞指 ，關(guān)系詞在句中作 語?！局更c(diǎn)迷津】當(dāng)把先行詞放回定語從句時(shí)，需要加上一個(gè)介詞，說明先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。如：When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying. (還原：I would be staying in the house)【練習(xí)2】用關(guān)系副詞when, where, why填空，并指出它們在從句中作何成分。1. I remember the day _ I first c

11、ome to the school.2. Beijing is the place _ I was born.3. This is the factory _ I visited last year.4. Is this the reason _ he refused to help you?5. Ill never forget the years _ I spent with you in the city. 6. We all didnt believe the reason _ he said just now.【指點(diǎn)迷津】在定語從句中，如其先行詞是抽象名詞situation，poin

12、t, position ,condition, case, scene, spot, stage等，如定語從句不缺主語、賓語和表語，則用關(guān)系副詞where occasion -場合(where) ;-時(shí)機(jī);機(jī)會(huì)(when) 。如：We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山東)I have never been to such an occasion wh

13、ere people all dress formally.Ex. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which. C. while D. why3、that 和which ² 關(guān)系代詞只用that的情況： 先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 先行詞是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí) 當(dāng)主句是who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只用 that

14、 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。. This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen. . I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday. . Who is the man _ is standing over there? Oh,he is my math teacher. . They are talking about things and persons _ they saw there a

15、 few days ago. ² 關(guān)系代詞只用which的情況： 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句; 關(guān)系詞前有介詞; 先行詞本身是that。. The tree, is four hundred years old, is very famous here. . We depend on the land from we get our food. . That you told him about is what we want to know.² who 和 that在什么情況下只用who 不用that？ all / those 作先行詞且指人； 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行

16、詞指人； 先行詞是指人的不定代詞one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none。.Those _ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.There is a stranger wants to see you. One doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work .4、先行詞是way的定語從句 1）The way _ you solved the problem is not the best o

17、ne.2）This is the way _ he told me to solve the problem. 【指點(diǎn)迷津】當(dāng)先行詞是the way且在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系連詞有三種情況：in which / that / 省略Part2. 介詞+ which/ whom1. 分析下列例句:（1）The man whom he is talking to is my father.The man to whom he is talking is my father. （2）This is the pen which I wrote the letter with.This is the

18、pen with which I wrote the letter.【指點(diǎn)迷津】 (1) “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句時(shí)，如先行詞是物, 用介詞+which; 如先行詞是人, 用介詞+whom(2) 當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時(shí)，可將介詞提前到關(guān)系詞前，構(gòu)成“介詞+which / whom”(3) 在固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前。如: look after, take care of, look for 等。判斷正誤：This is the pen for which Im looking. ( ) This is the pen which

19、Im looking for. ( )2. 如何確定定語從句中的介詞？先找出定語從句，將先行詞放入定語從句中1）看定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配 This is the book_ which you asked2）看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.3）根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞 搭配 This is our classroom , _ which there is a teachers desk.【練習(xí)】用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which/whom填空1. Thi

20、s is the rock _ the boy fell down into the sea.2. The film star _ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.3. The West Lake _ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.4. The reason _ he could not go there was that his grade was too low.5. The professor _ Mr. Smith shook

21、 hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.6. Could you tell me the day _ you arrived?Part 3定語從句中的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)1. He is the only one of the students in his class who _ (have) got this chance.2. He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise 3. Those who _ (want) to go t

22、o the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30p.m.4. Anyone who _(want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. 【指點(diǎn)迷津】關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞Part 4 課后鞏固練習(xí)一選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. where      &

23、#160;  B. that     C. in which   D. in that2. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.     A. whose       B. of which    C. in which   D. on which3. Those _ not only from boo

24、ks but also through practice will succeed.     A. learn         B. who  learn     C. that learns D. who 4. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.     A. that against   B. t

25、hat against C. who is against D. who are against5. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?     A. that you talked           B. you talked about it     C. which you talked with   

26、0; D. you talked about6. The train _ she was travelling was late.     A. which B. where      C. on which     D. in that7. Do you still remember the happy days _ we swam in the river in our village?     A.

27、which    B. when    C. that D. where8. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.       A. which     B. when       C. on which D. about which9. The hotel _ we stay

28、ed during our holidays stands by the seaside.       A. what       B. which C. where D. that10. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal?     A. which      B. what  &#

29、160;  C. why   D. for that11. I dont like _ you speak to her.       A. the way         B. the way in that   C. the way which        D. the way of which12.

30、There is only one thing _ I can do.       A. what      B. that     C. all     D. which13. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry.       A. them  

31、60;   B. that      C. which D. those14. I like the second football match _ was held last week.       A. which     B. who     C. that         D. /15. T

32、his is one of the best films _ this year. A. that have been shown B. that have shown C. that has been shown D. that has shown 16. She was the only one of the girls in our class _ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students Union. A. who was B. who were C. who has been D. who have been 17

33、. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 18. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low. A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price 19. Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand. A. that agrees B. who agree C. who agr

34、ees D. that agree 20. The great day we looked forward to _ at last.A. came B. come C. coming 二用關(guān)系詞填空。1. The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. 2. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? 3. Great changes have taken place in the factory _we have been workin

35、g since then.4. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. 5. Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country? 6. The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. 7. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. 8. I will never forget the day _ we wor

36、ked together and the day _ we spent together.9. We admire him for the way _ he faces difficulties. 10. The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill. 11. - Did you ask the guard what happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. 12. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? 13. There are cases _ the w

37、ord “mighty” is used as an adverb.14. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. 15. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. 16. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. 17.

38、Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it. 18. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there? 19. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers _ they had seen. 20. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day hav

39、e a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.21. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.22. After reading your proposal, there is one point _ I dont agree.三用介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空。（每空一詞）1. The hotel _ _ they are staying is a very famous one.2. The pen _ _ I do my homework is a b

40、irthday present from my father.3. Is this the car _ _ you paid a high price?4. The gentleman _ _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.5. Is this the village _ _ the great scientist was born forty years ago?6. The professor _ _ we often turn for help will come to our party tonight.四、單句改錯(cuò)1The st

41、ory happened in November on which the weather was very cold2Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task3Mr. Williams has two sons, both of whom looks like him4When we passed the place which the dead boy lay, each of us saluted5. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yeste

42、rday? 6. Those who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now.7. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth. 8. Mr. Green is always working hard should get a rise. 9. John is the only one of the students that have been abroad. 10.I care about nothing which is going on

43、 there. 四用定語從句合并下列句子。1The factory is a small one. The factory stands near the river2Have you answered the letter? You got that letter two weeks ago3I'll never forget the day. On that day I joined the League.4.We are not allowed to do so Tell me the reason.5The boy student is very young. He won t

44、he game.6The town has become a famous city He grew up in the town7I spend my childhood in Suzhou I have never been there again since I left8He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter He has not seen the girl for years9Do you know the man ? His son is a famous scientist10My uncle bought the bicycle

45、 last week The bicycle has been stolen .Part4名言警句中的定語從句1. He who is ill to himself will be good to nobody. 人不自愛，焉能愛人？ 2. He who laughs last laughs best. 誰笑在最后, 誰笑得最好。 3. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 不犯錯(cuò)誤的人一事無成。 4. All that glitters is not gold. 閃閃發(fā)光者，未必皆黃金。 5. Opportunity and luck always

46、shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling. 機(jī)遇和幸運(yùn)總是垂青勇于奮斗的人。 6. The only thing that we have to fear is fear itself. 唯一讓我們恐懼的事就是恐懼本身.7. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到長城非好漢Part 5 課后拓展【自主學(xué)習(xí)】-定語從句典型錯(cuò)誤例析1. 我給他看了我上周在杭州的照片誤 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangz

47、hou last week.正 I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.析 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既代替先行詞，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。例句為省略了關(guān)系代詞（that/which）的定語從句，that/which 指代 the photos，在定語從句中充當(dāng) took的賓語，故them多余，應(yīng)去掉。2. 那個(gè)正在修理汽車的人是我的叔叔。誤 The man is mending the car is my uncle.正 The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.析 關(guān)系代詞

48、在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)不可省略，只有作賓語時(shí)才能省略that。本句還可以譯為The man mending the car is my uncle.（-ing形式短語mending the car作the man的后置定語。）3. 這只風(fēng)箏是你父親昨天為你扎的嗎？誤 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?正 Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday?析 若把this看作kite的修飾語，短語this kite為主句的主語，這時(shí)我們可以看出主句中缺少表語，

49、即定語從句的先行詞，所以應(yīng)該加上代詞the one。如果我們把this看作代詞，作句子的主語，那么kite應(yīng)該為句子的表語，則可以看出先行詞kite前缺少定冠詞the。故本句還可改為：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday?4. 她告訴我的就這些。誤 This is all which she told me.正 This is all (that) she told me.析 當(dāng)先行詞為all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, not

50、hing等或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。另外，本句還可以譯為This is what she told me.不過此時(shí) what引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，而不是定語從句。5. 這是我們明天要討論的問題。誤 This is the problem about that well talk tomorrow.正 This is the problem about which well talk tomorrow.正 This is the problem (that/which) well talk about tomorrow.析 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞

51、指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom；指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which。另外，有些固定短語如look after, listen to 等，一般也不能將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。6. 從這兒可以看到屋頂?shù)哪谴苯ㄖ锸擎?zhèn)里最大的超市。誤 The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.正 The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.析 分析句意可知，building 和roof之間存在所屬關(guān)系，故

52、應(yīng)用whose，whose在引導(dǎo)從句定語從句時(shí)既可指人又可指物，通常可與of which互換使用，因此本句還可以表示為：The building, the roof of which （of which the roof ）can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.7. 人沒有空氣就不能生存，這是很自然的。誤 Which is very natural, man cant live without air.正 Man cant live without air, which/as is very natural.正 As is very natural, man cant live without air.析 w