侵犯專利權(quán)論文：侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法研究

1、.侵犯專利權(quán)論文：侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法研究【中文摘要】專利權(quán)是發(fā)明者就其發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)所享有的專有權(quán)利,其客體為發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)。侵犯專利權(quán)是指未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可而實(shí)施其專利,即被控侵權(quán)的產(chǎn)品或方法以字面或同等的方式體現(xiàn)了專利權(quán)權(quán)利要求書中所記載的技術(shù)方案。由于專利權(quán)能夠帶來可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,很容易成為侵權(quán)的客體。損害賠償是對(duì)違反法律規(guī)定侵犯他人財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)或者人身權(quán)的一種法律制裁方式,侵犯專利權(quán)賠償則是指侵權(quán)人因侵犯專利權(quán)行為而對(duì)權(quán)利人造成損害時(shí)應(yīng)承擔(dān)補(bǔ)償對(duì)方損失或大于對(duì)方損失的民事責(zé)任。隨著高新技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和專利權(quán)利意識(shí)的提高,專利糾紛案件逐年上升。為保護(hù)專利權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益

2、,鼓勵(lì)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,推動(dòng)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的應(yīng)用,就必須正確處理侵犯專利權(quán)糾紛,合理確定侵犯專利權(quán)賠償數(shù)額,平衡各方的利益。侵犯專利權(quán)賠償數(shù)額的確定,一直以來都是司法實(shí)踐中的難點(diǎn)問題,它不僅涉及到侵權(quán)的構(gòu)成要件、歸責(zé)原則,即侵權(quán)認(rèn)定問題,還涉及到賠償數(shù)額確定的原則問題、范圍認(rèn)定問題,以及具體計(jì)算方法的原則、選擇、適用、順序等等問題,甚至涉及專利權(quán)價(jià)值評(píng)估問題。侵犯專利權(quán)賠償需要深入研究的問題還很多,因而,它已成了法學(xué)理論界研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問題之一要合理、準(zhǔn)確地確定侵犯專利權(quán)賠償數(shù)額,就要在現(xiàn)有立法的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合司法政策,確定恰當(dāng)?shù)馁r償原則和范圍,選擇符合具體案情的計(jì)算方法。目前,已經(jīng)有很多學(xué)者對(duì)侵犯專利權(quán)賠償

3、的計(jì)算方法,從不同的角度進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和研究。有些學(xué)者從理論意義上來研究,側(cè)重于理論探討和比較法研究,注重侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)墓叫?、合理?這些文章理論性、邏輯相對(duì)嚴(yán)密,但有各自為戰(zhàn)、研究成果互相獨(dú)立的傾向,這些理論雖具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義,但應(yīng)用性較弱,在運(yùn)用理論解決實(shí)際問題時(shí),對(duì)實(shí)際操作、減輕法官和相關(guān)人員的計(jì)算負(fù)擔(dān)、提高工作效率方面的意義很有限;也有學(xué)者和實(shí)務(wù)人員從實(shí)踐角度來對(duì)侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)挠?jì)算方法進(jìn)行研究,但大多是對(duì)法律條文的解釋或一定程度的引中,這些學(xué)術(shù)成果相對(duì)淺顯易懂,能被多數(shù)人所運(yùn)用,在實(shí)際操作中具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義,但它們均未形成系統(tǒng)的、封閉的、在實(shí)踐中易于操作的計(jì)算方法邏輯體系。因

4、此,研究侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法邏輯體系就顯得非常有必要。本文對(duì)侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行研究,將遵循提出問題分析問題解決問題的寫作思路,并基于以上思路,將文章分為以下五個(gè)部分：第一部分,該部分將引入上海帝好貿(mào)易有限公司訴上海嘟嘟好塑料制品廠、永康市鑫德隆五金有限公司侵犯實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)糾紛案,對(duì)該案情及審理的基本情況進(jìn)行闡述,并對(duì)案件中所運(yùn)用的侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行分析,找出該計(jì)算方法的合理之處和存在的問題,從而提出當(dāng)前賠償計(jì)算方法中存在的問題。第二部分,針對(duì)第一部分提出的關(guān)于侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法中存在的問題,這部分簡要闡述TRIPS協(xié)議、美國、德國、日本等典型國家對(duì)賠償計(jì)算方法的規(guī)定,并

5、詳細(xì)介紹我國法律、司法解釋和相關(guān)司法政策對(duì)賠償計(jì)算方法的規(guī)定,對(duì)國內(nèi)和國外的規(guī)定進(jìn)行簡要的對(duì)比分析。第三部分,論述侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)脑瓌t和范圍,其中侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)脑瓌t包括雙方認(rèn)可原則、.填平原則及懲罰性原則、法定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)原則、利益衡平原則、貢獻(xiàn)原則、損益相抵和合理扣除原則、推定原則等；賠償范圍即“實(shí)際損失”,其包括所受到的已發(fā)生的實(shí)際財(cái)產(chǎn)損害(即積極損害)和失去的預(yù)期可得利益(即消極損害)。這部分是第四部分的基礎(chǔ),為第四部分提出具體的解決方案構(gòu)建侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法邏輯體系提供原則性指導(dǎo),以避免提出的方案偏離合法、合理的軌道,誤入無限制的圈套。第四部分,研究侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)挠?jì)算方法,并試圖構(gòu)建一

6、個(gè)具有一定可操作性、相對(duì)簡單、易于計(jì)算、封閉性的計(jì)算方法邏輯體系。該部分以現(xiàn)在有的法律法規(guī)、司法解釋、司法政策和民法理論為基礎(chǔ),通過歸納和總結(jié)現(xiàn)有的各種計(jì)算方法按賠償雙方協(xié)商認(rèn)可的方法計(jì)算、按所受損失計(jì)算、按獲得利益計(jì)算、按許可使用費(fèi)的合理倍數(shù)計(jì)算、依法定賠償計(jì)算,按順序、分層次、分類別地把它們組織起來；然后對(duì)每種計(jì)算方法的項(xiàng)目、公式進(jìn)行整合,把它們分別歸入制定的表格中,從而簡化各個(gè)計(jì)算公式,優(yōu)化各個(gè)計(jì)算公式中存在的大量無序堆砌的問題,直觀地表達(dá)各個(gè)計(jì)算公式,盡量做到在選擇運(yùn)用計(jì)算公式時(shí)一目了然地看出所需要的公式,并只要填入相應(yīng)的數(shù)字,即可很便捷地、快速地計(jì)算出賠償數(shù)額,以期能有效地提高具體賠

7、償數(shù)額的可預(yù)見性,降低相關(guān)人員(特別是文科出身的相關(guān)人員)的工作難度,提高其工作效率。針對(duì)法定賠償計(jì)算方法在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中極為盛行的問題,第四部分將對(duì)法定賠償計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行相對(duì)深入的研究。首先,參考工傷賠償?shù)姆椒靶谭ㄖ辛啃痰燃?jí)分級(jí)方法,將法定賠償范圍細(xì)化為七個(gè)等級(jí),從而可根據(jù)案件糾紛的具體情況確實(shí)屬于哪個(gè)等級(jí),對(duì)限制法定賠償?shù)娜我庑跃哂邢喈?dāng)?shù)淖饔茫黄浯?將影響法定賠償數(shù)額計(jì)算的因素根據(jù)主客體情況化分為六大類,并根據(jù)各影響因素與賠償數(shù)額的因果關(guān)系,將它們化分為三個(gè)級(jí)別,即一級(jí)、二級(jí)、三級(jí)因素,以此為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建法定賠償?shù)挠?jì)算模型。關(guān)于合理開支,其包括損失利息、咨詢費(fèi)、制止侵權(quán)所支付的差旅費(fèi)和報(bào)酬、訴訟費(fèi)

8、、律師費(fèi)、公證費(fèi)、查閱、收集證據(jù)材料支出的費(fèi)用、證據(jù)保全費(fèi)、證據(jù)材料的制作、郵寄費(fèi)、必要的鑒定費(fèi)、調(diào)查取證費(fèi)用、刊登恢復(fù)名譽(yù)的廣告費(fèi)和其它合理開支。合理開支計(jì)算方法簡單。本文將制定一個(gè)表格,將上述各種支出直觀地統(tǒng)計(jì)于表格中,在各個(gè)支出項(xiàng)目對(duì)應(yīng)位置填上相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù),然后把所有支出項(xiàng)目對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)相加,即可得出合理開支的數(shù)額,方便、快捷。最后探討賠償計(jì)算方法的適用原則及適用順序問題。適用原則是指在選擇適用計(jì)算方法時(shí)應(yīng)遵守的基本準(zhǔn)則,具體有就高不就低原則、精算與估算相結(jié)合原則、便于計(jì)算原則三種。適用順序是一個(gè)相對(duì)復(fù)雜的問題。就本文的研究來說,在不違反法律強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定的情況下,適用順序?yàn)椋喊促r償雙方協(xié)商認(rèn)可的方

9、法計(jì)算按所受損失計(jì)算按獲得利益計(jì)算按許可使用費(fèi)的合理倍數(shù)計(jì)算依法定賠償,在每一種方法下面又有具體的計(jì)算公式,計(jì)算公式原則上按本章節(jié)排列的先后順序適用,并可按符合賠償計(jì)算方法適用原則的情況下靈活選擇計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算。這一部分是整篇文章的重點(diǎn)和靈魂。第五部分,這一部分是結(jié)論部分,根據(jù)本文所提出的計(jì)算方法邏輯體系,對(duì)本文開頭引入的上海帝好貿(mào)易有限公司訴上海嘟嘟好塑料制品廠、永康市鑫德隆五金有限公司侵犯實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)糾紛案進(jìn)行非常簡要的再分析,并作一個(gè)簡要的總結(jié)性論述。【英文摘要】A patent is the exclusive rights the inventor enjoyed because

10、 of his inventions, utility models and designs.The object is the invention, utility model and design. Patent infringement is to implement the patent without the authorization, namely, the technical program recorded in the patent claims is reflected by the product or method accused of infringement in

11、 a literal or equivalent means. Because patents can bring considerable economic benefits, it is easy to become the object of tort. Damages is a legal sanction for a violation of the law, Infringement of property rights or Personal rights. compensation for infringement of patent infringement is the p

12、erson who acts on the rights of patent infringement have caused damage to the other party and should pay compensation for loss or civil liability for losses greater than the other.With the rapid development of high technology and patent rights awareness, Patent dispute cases increased year by year.I

13、t must correctly handle patent infringement disputes, and reasonably determine the amount of compensation for infringement of patent rights to protect the legitimate interests of patent holders, encourage invention and creation, promote the application of the invention, and balance the interests of

14、all. It has been difficult problems in judicial practice and legal theory to determine the amount of patent infringement damages.lt not only involves the infringement of the constituent elements, responsibility principle-infringement identify problems, but also involves issues of principle to determ

15、ine the amount of compensation, the scope of identified problems, and the problems of specific calculation method of the principle of selection, application, order, and so on. Many problems about compensation for patent infringement issues need to be deeply studied. So it has become a hot topics in

16、legal theory study.If we want to determine reasonable and accurately amount of compensation for patent infringement, it must be on the basis of the existing legislation and combine judicial policy to determine the appropriate compensation principles and scope, and choose the calculation of the speci

17、fic case.At present, many scholars have summarized and researched on the calculation of compensation for patent infringement from different points of views. Some scholars studied the calculation method of compensation in theory, focusing on theoretical exploration and study of comparative law, focus

18、ing on fair and rationality of compensation for patent infringement, There are the tendency of dependence each other and conflicts in their research. Although these academic results has some practical significance, but the application of these theories is weak. In applying theory to solve practical

19、problems, its significance is very limited to operate in practice, to reduce judgeswork burden and the work burden of related personnel and improve the efficiency. There are also some scholars or practitioners analyze from the practical point of view, but most of them just interprete clause of the l

20、aw or the degree of extension. The academic results relatively are easy to understand and applied by most people, and there are much significance of guide in practice. But these academic results have not formatted the calculation logic system that is closed, easy to operate in practice. So it become

21、s very necessary to study the calculation logic system of compensation for patent infringement.This paper will follow the writing ideas of raising problemsanalysis problemssolving problem to study the calculation of compensation for patent infringement, and base on the above ideas, the paper will be

22、 divided into five parts.The first part, raising problems.This paper introduces the case of Shanghai Di Hao Trading Co., Ltd sueing Du Du Hao Plastic Products Factory, Xin De Long Hardware Co., Ltd for utility model patent infringement, describes the basic situation of case and trial, analyze the me

23、thod of calculating patent infringement compensation, and find the reasonable place and problems of the calculation method. From above, it will propose the problems existed in the compensation calculation method nowadays.The second part, to counter the problems on the calculation of patent infringem

24、ent compensation the first part proposed, this part will briefly describe the TRIPS Agreement, and the legal provision on compensation calculation method of the typical countries of United States, Germany, Japan, and introduce in detail the regulations in our laws, judicial interpretations and relat

25、ed justice policy, and comparatively analyses the provisions of domestic and foreign briefly.The third part, the paper will discusses the principle of compensation for patent infringement and scope. The principle of compensation for patent infringement which include the principles accepted by both s

26、ides. Filling principle and the principle of punishment, the legal standard of principle, the principle of equity interests, contribution principle, net of gains offset the losses and reasonable principle of presumption, and so on. The scope of compensation is the “actual loss”, which includes actua

27、l damage to property has occurred (ie positive damage) and the expected loss of possible benefits (ie, negative damage). This part will provide principled guidance for the concrete solutions - construction of patent infringement damages calculation logic system that the fourth brought up, in case th

28、e solutions go out of legitimate and reasonable track and get into the trap of limited. It is the foundation of the fourth part.The fourth part, to research the calculation method of compensation for patent infringement, attempt to build a operational,relatively simple and easy-to-calculated logical

29、 certain system of the calculation method.This part will base on the existing laws, regulations, judicial interpretations, judicial policy and civil law theory. By summarizing the various existing calculation methods - calculated by the two sides consultations and recognized, calculated by the loss

30、suffered, calculated by the benefits derived, calculated by the appropriate multiple of the amount of the exploitation fee, calculated by statutory damage, this part will organize them sequentially at different levels and sub-categories. Then this part will integrate the items of all the calculation

31、 method and the formulas, and take them into the tables formulated to simplify a formula, optimize the problems of piling up largely and disorderly of all the formulas, visually express the various formulas. The study will try to find out the appropriate formula when we select a formula, and we just

32、 need to input the corresponding figures that it will calculate the compensation amount conveniently and quickly, hope can improve the predictability of the specific amount of compensation, reduce the work difficulty of the associated personnel (especially the liberal arts background of the staff),

33、improve their work efficiency.For calculation of statutory compensation in the practical application in the extremely popular, the fourth part will be relatively in-depth study on the calculation of statutory damages. Firstly, comparing with the method of work compensation or sentencing classes in c

34、riminal law, refine the scope of the statutory compensation for the seven grades, so we can confirm which grades the case really belongs to according to circumstances of the case, which have considerable role to limit the arbitrary of the statutory compensation. Secondly, divide the factors which af

35、fect the calculation of statutory compensation into six main categories according to the specific circumstance of subject and object, three grades - level, level, level, according to causality of influential element and compensation fee, and base on this establish the calculation model of statutory

36、compensation.About reasonable expenses, they include Loss of interest, consulting fees, reward and travel expenses paid for to stop the infringement, Litigation costs, legal fees, notary fees, expenses for inspection and collection evidence, evidence preservation fees, costs of evidence production a

37、nd mailing, identification of the necessary fees, costs of investigation and evidence collection, costs of rehabilitation published in the advertising and the other reasonable expenses. The calculation method of reasonable expenses is simple. The paper will create a table to intuitively induce above

38、 expenses and input corresponding data in corresponding position, then sum up all the data the expenditure corresponded and calculate the data of reasonable expenses. It is convenient and quickly.Finally, we probe into the problem of the application principles and application order of the calculatio

39、n method of compensation. Application principles is the basic norms that we should obey when choice and application the calculation method, including the principles of choice the high not the low, the principle of combination of accurate calculation and estimated calculation, the principle of being

40、convenient to calculate. The application order is a complex issues. As to the paper, in the case of not against the mandatory provisions of the law, application order is the following:calculated by the two sides consultations and recognized- calculated by the loss suffered - calculated by the benefi

41、ts derived - calculated by the appropriate multiple of the amount of the exploitation fee - calculated by statutory damage. There are specific calculation formulas under every calculation method. Calculation formulas will be applied by the order the paper arranged, and we can choose the calculation formulas to calculate with goo