非謂語動詞作主賓表定狀補(bǔ)

1、 語法探究-非謂語動詞（作主語，賓語，表語）主語賓語 表語 不定式（to do）否定形式：not to do表示特定的某一次具體的動作。To finish the work in ten days is very hard.To change the whole plan is very difficult.說明有時可用it作形式主語，將作真正主語的不定式后置。It is very hard to finish the work in ten days.It is very difficult to change the whole plan.常跟在一些動詞后作賓語，如decide/refus

2、e/hope/agree/pretend/fail/manage/plan/ promise等We agreed to meet here.He managed to catch sight of some mountain goats.說明在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，用it作形式賓語而將作賓語的不定式后置。find/think/consider it +adj. +to do We thought it better to start early.I find it hard to work with him.表示將來的打算或目的。His wish is to buy a car in the near

3、future.他的愿望是在不久的將來買輛車。The next step is to make sure of the time.下一步是把時間弄清楚。-ing形式（doing）否定形式：not doing表示經(jīng)常性的抽象的行為。Swimming is a best sport in summer.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass(指南針).說明在下列句型中唱常用it作形式主語。It is no use doing sth.It is no good doing sth.It is a waste of time do

4、ing sth.常跟在介詞，某些動詞或動詞短語后作賓語。如：miss/avoid/finish/practice/enjoy/suggest/permit/imagine/cant help/give up/look forward to/spend time (in) doing sth/have difficulty (in) doing sth等Youd better avoid meeting him.He is practising playing the piano.1)表示主語的特點(diǎn)“令人的”The book is interesting.The news is exciting

5、.2)表示主語的具體內(nèi)容。His job is delivering newspapers.What I hate most is being laughed at.過去分詞（done） × ×表示主語所處的狀態(tài)“的”The door remained locked.He seemed quite pleased at the idea.語法填空1. One learns a language by making mistakes and _(correct) them. 2. China recently tightened its waters controls nea

6、r the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _(attack) in the South China Sea. 3.Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ (do)to achieve the final success. 4.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ (remain)silent.5. Ladex doesnt feel like _ (

7、study)abroad. Her parents are old. 6. Bill suggested _ (hold)a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. 7. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ (walk)home in the snowstorm. 8. I cant stand_（work）with Jane in the same office. She just refuses_（stop）talking while she works

8、.9. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _(have) the answers ready will be of great help.10. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _(lose) the good opportunity.11. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _(see) whether they wil

9、l enjoy it.12._(expose)to sunlight for too much will do harm to ones skin.13.It is completely untrue _(say), as some people do, that modern education is nothing. 非謂語動詞（作定語）非謂語動詞 作定語時所表達(dá)的含義不定式（to do）被動：to be done表將來的動作（將來的被動動作用to be done）The bridge to be built next year will join the two towns.I have

10、 a lot of work to do.當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時用不定式作定語He was the first to get to the station.固定搭配，如the ability to do, the way to do 等 -ing分詞（doing）被動：being done表示中心詞的用途 The washing machine needs to be repaired. 表示中心詞的特點(diǎn)“令人的” This is a moving story.表示主動或正在進(jìn)行的動作。（若表示被動的動作正在進(jìn)行，用being done）The problem being discu

11、ssed at the meeting is very important.Who is the boy standing by the window?過去分詞（done）表示中心詞所處的狀態(tài)“的”The excited people rushed into the building.激動的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。表示一個被動的動作。The meeting held yesterday was successful.語法填空1. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _(make)at the meeting will influence

12、 the future of our company. 2. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _(provide).3. The next thing he saw was smoke (rise)from behind the house. 4. The island, _ (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 5. Look over theretheres a very long, winding

13、 path _ (lead)up to the house. 6. The ability _(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 7. I have a lot of readings _(complete) before the end of this term. 8. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. 9. With the governments aid, those _(affect)

14、 by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 10 -Can those (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? -No problem. 非謂語動詞（作賓語補(bǔ)足語，狀語）（一）非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞通常用在下列句型中作賓語補(bǔ)足語1）感官動詞see/watch/notice/observe/look at/listen to/hear/feel/find+賓語+doing/done/do（doing表示動作在進(jìn)行；done表示被動或狀態(tài)；do表示動作全過程）

15、 注：find后一般不加doWe heard him singing when we came in.I saw her enter the building.I found him beaten black and blue.2）使役動詞have+賓語+doing/done/do（doing表動作在進(jìn)行；done表被動；do表將來的動作）She had her audience listening carefully.Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow.Ill have Tom show you around the city.3）使役動詞get+賓語+do

16、ing/done/to do（doing表動作在進(jìn)行；done表被動；to do表將來的動作）She got her audience listening carefully.Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.Ill get Tom to show you around the city.4）with+賓語+ doing/done/to do（doing表動作在進(jìn)行；done表被動；to do表將來的動作）With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out.In part of As

17、ia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.With the problem solved, the quality of product has been improved.5）使役動詞make+賓語+done/do（done表被動或狀態(tài)；do表主動）He raised his voice to make himself heard.He raised his voice to make all of us hear him.I wonder what made him worried.6）使役動詞keep/le

18、ave+賓語+doing/done（doing表動作在進(jìn)行;done表被動或狀態(tài)）Im sorry to have kept you waiting for me for so long.What she has told us left us thinking a lot.7）有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，常見的動詞有：ask/tell/force/allow/wish/persuade/encourage/remind/permit/warn/expect等He asked me to leave at once. His wife persuaded him to lose weig

19、ht.語法填空1. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _(speak) to the new students. 2. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog _(follow) them.3. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _(remind) of his own dreams. 4. Lucy

20、 has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ (amuse) with her stories. 5. Alexander tried to get his work _(recognize) in the medical circles. 6. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _(finish), he gladly accepted it. 7. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a g

21、ood way to have her written English _(improve) in a short period. 8. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. （二）非謂語動詞作狀語 非謂語 動詞 作狀語時所表達(dá)的含義動詞不定式（to do）1）表目的。The whole family went to the beach to spend their weekend.2）表結(jié)果。At that time, she was

22、 too young to understand this.He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.（強(qiáng)調(diào)出乎意料的結(jié)果）The man is hard to deal with.這個人很難對付。3）表產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因。常用于句型“sb be +表情感的形容詞+不定式”（注意：在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化：如果某種情緒與不定式的動作同時發(fā)生，就用不定式的一般式to do/to be done;若強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動作發(fā)生在某種情緒之前，就用不定式的完成式to have done/to have been

23、 done）All of us were shocked to hear the news.Goodbye, Mrs. Green. I was very pleased to have been invited to the party.-ing分詞Doing有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化-ing分詞作狀語可以修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，作時間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨或讓步狀語；也可作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種順其自然的結(jié)果。1）doing：表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的主動動作。He was walking along the street, looking this way and that. (伴隨狀語)Not kn

24、owing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. (原因狀語)Talking and laughing, the students left the classroom.（伴隨狀語）Seeing from the top of the hill, you will find the park is more beautiful. (條件狀語)Hearing the news, they jumped up and down with great joy. (時間狀語)The fire lasted nearly a month, leav

25、ing nothing valuable.(結(jié)果狀語)2）having done表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的主動動作； having been done 表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動動作。Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.(原因狀語)Having been shown around the lab, we were then taken to the dinning room.(時間狀語)過去分詞done過去分詞可以作時間、原因、條件、伴隨或讓步狀語，與主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系（即被動關(guān)系

26、）或者表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. (條件狀語)Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty.(時間狀語)The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.(伴隨狀語)Tired with the journey, he soon fell asleep.(原因狀語)He sat there, lost in thought.(伴隨狀語)語法填空1.Tony lent me the money, _ (hope) that Id do as much for him. 2. The party will be held in the garden, weather _(permit).3. _(use) with care, one tin wi