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1、專題十三特殊句式(強調(diào)句型、替代、倒裝句、主謂一致、并列句、祈使句)1. (2014·北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.A. so B. or C. for D. but2. (2014·福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.A. where B.
2、 why C. that D. what3. (2014·四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr Smith got angry?A. why B. who C. where D. that4. (2014·天津卷)Give me a chance, _ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.A. if B. or C. and D. while5. (2014·大綱卷)_ me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab
3、result.A. Calling B. CallC. To call D. Having called6. (2014·湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.A. will you keep B. you will keepC. you kept D. did you keep7. (2014·湖南卷)_ what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of
4、 your life for it.A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made8. (2014·湖南卷)All we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A. are B. was C. is D. were9. (2014·陜西卷)No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke
5、 into thunderous applause.A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan hadC. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has10. (2014·重慶卷) I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _ you?A. mustn't B. haven't C. didn't D. hadn't1. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意:一些動物把種子從一個地方帶到另
6、外一個地方,于是植物就傳播到了新的地方生長了。上下句之間是因果關(guān)系。so意為“于是, 因此(強調(diào)上下文因果關(guān)系)”;or(或者);for意為“由于,因為(起補充說明作用)”;but意為“但是(表示轉(zhuǎn)折)”。2. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意:是文化而不是語言讓他很難適應(yīng)國外新的環(huán)境。本題是一個強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)的是句子的主語the culture, rather than the language。強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:It is/was被強調(diào)成分that/who其他成分。檢驗方法是把It is/was與that/who去掉,句子仍然成立的就是強調(diào)句型。3. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意:是不是因為J
7、ack上學(xué)遲到了Mr Smith才很生氣的?本題是一個強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)的是句子的原因狀語because Jack came late for school。4. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意:給我一個機會,我就會給你一個驚喜。本題考查的是“祈使句連詞陳述句”的特殊句式。本句相當(dāng)于:If you give me a chance, I'll give you a wonderful surprise. 5. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意:明天給我打電話,我就讓你知道實驗結(jié)果。本題考查的是“祈使句連詞陳述句”的固定句式。本句相當(dāng)于:If you call me tomorrow, I will
8、let you know the lab result.6. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意:只有當(dāng)你取得內(nèi)心的安寧,才能保持同他人的良好關(guān)系。當(dāng)only放在句首,且強調(diào)的是狀語的時候,需要使用部分倒裝的形式。另外本句無過去信息,D項時態(tài)錯誤。7. 【答案】 A【解析】 連詞because后面引導(dǎo)的是一個原因狀語從句,說明前面是主句。B、C、D三項不能形成一個獨立的句子,只有A項放在句首,形成一個祈使句,故A項正確。8. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意:我們需要的是一小片土地,在一年中的生長季節(jié)里,我們可以在那里種植各種水果樹。本題考查的是主謂一致。本句中的表語是一個短語a small piece o
9、f land,謂語動詞應(yīng)該和量詞piece保持一致,故使用單數(shù)形式,同時句中也沒有出現(xiàn)過去時的時間狀語。故C項正確。9. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意:莫言一上舞臺,觀眾就爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。本題考查倒裝句。否定連詞放句首,句子部分倒裝, 不選B、D兩項;表達的邏輯是先登臺再鼓掌, 因此排除C項。10. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意:我去年夏天在倫敦待了兩個星期。那么你一定在那的逗留期間參觀了大英博物館,是嗎?本題考查反意疑問句。前句表對過去事情的猜測,反意疑問部分與情態(tài)動詞無關(guān),排除A項;由“during your stay”可知是過去時,所以反意疑問部分應(yīng)用過去時的助動詞did,故選C項。從近
10、年來的高考試題分析可知,特殊句式考查的綜合性和情景性越來越強,內(nèi)容也比較接近現(xiàn)實生活。部分倒裝仍然是考查的主體;強調(diào)句型主要側(cè)重其基本句型;省略句主要與非謂語動詞一并考核;祈使句更是考查熱點。要點儲備一:倒裝句種類倒裝條件例句完全倒裝here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off, away等副詞開頭的句子表示強調(diào)(主語必須是名詞) 結(jié)構(gòu)為: adv. 謂語 名詞區(qū)別:adv. 代詞 謂語Out rushed the children. 區(qū)別:Out they rushed. Under the table sleeps a fat cat.Her
11、e comes the bus. The bus is coming here.表示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.注意:以上兩類完全倒裝謂語動詞的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(表一般將來時)或一般過去時強調(diào)表語,置于句首,或為保持句子平衡,句子倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為:adj. / ving /v.ed / 介詞短語 連系動詞 主語Present at the meeting were 1,000 students. Attending the meeting were 1, 000 students. Gone are th
12、e days when we Chinese used foreign oil.部分倒裝never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not, in no case,under no circumstances,on no account, in no way, on no condition, by no means, at no time, no longer 等表示否定意義的副詞或介詞短語放于句首;Hardly/Scarcely.when/before.No sooner.than. 用過去完成時,主句倒裝Hardly did I know what
13、had happened.He said that in no case would he give up.Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.No sooner had the football game begun than it started raining.only和修飾狀語放于句首時only強調(diào)主語時不倒裝Only then did he realize the importance of English.Only he has passed the job interview.not only. b
14、ut also連接并列的句子,前倒后不倒 not only. but also連接并列的主語時,句子不倒裝not until引導(dǎo)的狀語從句放句首時,主倒從不倒neither. nor. 連接并列的句子,前倒后也倒neither. nor. 連接并列的主語時,不倒裝Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it. Not only he but also his students are going to the concert. Not until he finished his work did he go to sleep
15、. Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.Neither his parents nor he knows the result.so.that, such.that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時,前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday. Such a fine day is it that we feel like playing outside.so, as, neither, nor或no more表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事, 意為“某人也如此”區(qū)別以下三種結(jié)
16、構(gòu):., so he/she/I/ they/. 助動詞,意為“某人的確如此” . and he/she/.did so,意為“他/她/就照著吩咐/希望/做了”It is the same with BSo it is with B(某人也如此)適用于前面出現(xiàn)不同主語、不同時態(tài)、不同類動詞時He can play the piano. So can I. He can play the piano and so can I. He can play the piano, as can IIf he doesn't go to the party, neither/nor will/sh
17、all IYou say he is a doctor and so he is. Mum wanted him to clean the floor and he did so.He was born in the US and now works in China. So it is with his wife./It is the same with his wife.as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語:adv./adj./n./v./v.edas/though從句余下部分,主句主從句主謂沒有倒裝,只是從句某成分移至從句句首了Child as he is, he has learned a
18、 lot. Pretty as she is, she is not clever. Much as I like the watch, I can't afford it. Try as he might, he wouldn't satisfy his boss.在含有were, had, should的虛擬條件句中,可省略if并同時將were, had, should移至從句句首,構(gòu)成倒裝省略Were I you If I were you, I would not do it in this way. Had I attended the meeting, I woul
19、d have seen him. Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go there.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中: adv. 謂語 主語!May 主語 動詞原形!Long live the spirit of the people's hero!May you be in good health!要點儲備二:省略結(jié)構(gòu)1do, does, did可代替動詞以避免重復(fù);do, does, did也可用在一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時或祈使句中,表對謂語動詞的強調(diào)She speaks English better than he (does). Shall I inv
20、ite Tom to the party? Yes, it will be nice if you do.He did say he would come to party tonight.2用so或not替代以避免重復(fù):so一個單詞,短語或句子;not一個含有否定意義的句子常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞(短語)有:hope, think, guess, believe, tell, fear, expect, suppose, imagine, be sure, be afraidI don't think/ suppose/. so. I think/suppose/. not.但只能用:I h
21、ope/guess not. I'm afraid not. Will he come to my party? I expect so. ( I don't expect so./ I expect not.) Will it be fine tomorrow? Yes, I hope / guess so. ( No, I hope/guess not.)3用to代替不定式以免重復(fù)。常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的有:(1) refuse, want, seem, mean, intend, expect, hope, fail, would like, wish(2) beadj.(glad
22、, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready)(3) have, need, ought, be able, be going, used(4) ask / tell / advise / persuade / wish / permit / allow sb. to do sth.(5) 不定式否定式后,保留to不定式中含有被動式、完成式時省略至to be, to have, to have beenWe invited him to the party, but he refused to. Will you join our discussion?
23、Yes, I'd like to.I didn't want to go there, but I had to.We should do everything that we ought to.Don't touch anything unless you're allowed to.China is no longer what it used to be. You should have finished your work. Sorry, I know I ought to have./ Sorry, I know it ought to have be
24、en.I saw him riding his bike in the park and I told him not to. 要點儲備三:并列句并列句分句 and 分句(表遞進)Come earlier tomorrow and you'll see him.分句 or 分句(表選擇或讓步)Hurry up, or you'll be late for the flight.分句 but/yet/while 分句(表轉(zhuǎn)折、對比)She is seriously ill, but / yet she doesn't give up hope. He is working
25、 hard, while his brother is very lazy.分句 for/so 分句(表因果)He is a good teacher, so he is popular with students.“祈使句/ 名詞 and 分句”是高考的熱點One more hour and I'll get the work done.要點儲備四:主謂一致用and連接表同一個人、同一事物、同一概念時,謂語用單數(shù)All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.動名詞、不定式和從句作主語,謂語用單數(shù)Educating girls is very i
26、mportant.all of./most of./some of./half of./part of./the rest of./百分數(shù)/分數(shù)詞n. 后的謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于所修飾的名詞All of the books have been sold out. Forty per cent of the work has been done.team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集體名詞作主語時,需根據(jù)其所表示的意思來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式The family is made up of five membe
27、rs. The family are watching TV.“therich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/.”表人,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式“the true / good / beautiful / possible / impossible / old / new/.”表物,謂語用單數(shù)形式The old are easily taken in.The new is to take the place of the old.many an., more than onen.,each/every/non.(each/every/no)n.,接單數(shù)謂語Many
28、 a student has seen the film. Each girl and each boy has a book.a number/variety of.復(fù)數(shù)謂語the number/variety of.單數(shù)謂語A number of students are fond of the book.The number of students in our class is 50.quantities of單數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語a quantity of單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語a quantity of復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語/復(fù)數(shù)謂語Large quantities of water are
29、 badly polluted.A large quantity of water is badly polluted.就近原則:either.or.,not only.but also,not.but,neither.nor.,there beNeither he nor you are right. Not only he but also I am right.就遠原則:as well as,with, along with, together with, such as/like, rather than, besides, including, but, except等,句中謂語動詞
30、與主語一致He as well as I is absent from the meeting. The officer, rather than the others answers for it. Books such as this are useful for the beginners. Mary, (along)with her friends often goes broad.Not A but B的句中,謂語動詞與B一致Nobody / No one but B的句中,謂語動詞用單數(shù)Not I but Tom and Jack are right. Nobody but Tom
31、 and Jack is right.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)與先行詞一致The foreigners who work in our company are from Canada.重點突破要真正理解,切莫機械記憶,注意知識間的交叉。掌握強調(diào)句的基本形式及其變式,并能在長句中正確識別,以不變應(yīng)萬變,熟悉各種倒裝句式,注意句子中主謂一致、時態(tài)一致及人稱一致等問題。1. For a moment nothing happened; then _ from the excited audience.A. cheers came B. did cheers comeC. ch
32、eers would come D. came cheers2. He's made _ progress that his parents must be pleased with him. _A. so much; So he has B. such much; So has heC. so much; So has he D. such much; So he has3. Was it _ she said or something that she did _ you were angry at so much?A. what; that B. that;whichC. tha
33、t; what D. what; which4. Be toughminded, but tenderhearted, _?A. isn't it B. are youC. aren't you D. will you5. _ on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower dating back to hundreds of years ago.A. To stand B. Having stoodC. Standing D. Stand6. He told me his story in private, _ nobody el
34、se knew what had happened to him.A. but B. so C. while D. or7. The door burst open and _, shouting with anger.A. rushed in a crowd B. in a crowd rushedC. a crowd in rushed D. in rushed a crowd 8. A giant helium(氦) balloon is telling residents of Paris how good or bad the air quality is. When it'
35、s good, the balloonmeasuring 22 meters wide and 32 meters highshines green. _, it's red.A. Though terrible B. Whenever goodC. If worse D. When bad9. _ was to blame.A. The parents as well as their childB. Not the parents but their childC. Neither the child nor his parentsD. Both the parents and t
36、heir child10. I told you that you shouldn't waste your time playing the computer games,_?A. didn't I B. did IC. should you D. shouldn't you11. Hoping he would not disturb his sleeping father, Bob stole in, _ and waited for him to wake up.A. didn't speak B. not to speakC. not speak D.
37、 not spoke 12. Not only _ buying Spring Festival rail tickets but also all other groups such as whitecollar workers have the same feeling.A. migrant workers have difficultyB. do migrant workers have difficultyC. have migrant workers have difficultyD. have migrant workers difficulty13. Never before _
38、 been placed in such a dilemma over whether I should tell her the truth or not.A. had I B. I hadC. have I D. I have14. So seriously _ that he couldn't be absorbed in anything.A. was his head injured B. his head was injuredC. did his head injure D. his head injured15. The child tiptoed quietly to
39、 the bird. _ into the forest when he was about to catch it.A. Away it flew B. Away flew itC. Flew it away D. Flew away it1. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意:有一會什么也沒有發(fā)生,接著就是來自于興奮的觀眾的歡呼聲。副詞then, now, here, there放句首并且主語是名詞時,句子完全倒裝。結(jié)構(gòu)是:副詞謂語主語。2. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意:他取得了如此大的進步以至于他的父母一定對他滿意。是的,他確實取得了很大的進步。這里第一句里出現(xiàn)了so.that(如此以至于);第二句so表示對前面陳述事實的強調(diào),結(jié)構(gòu)為:so主語助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞。故選A項。3. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意
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