第十八講-動(dòng)詞不定式(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 戴氏教育本課指津：不定式和動(dòng)詞像一對兄弟一樣親密，本不該拆開來講，可是篇幅有限，只能讓他們分開了。不定式的構(gòu)成非常簡單，告訴我是什么？對！是to+動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)然啦，to有時(shí)也可以不帶。非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式課 標(biāo) 解 讀1、理解動(dòng)詞不定式的概念2、掌握動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成3、掌握動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中的功能知 識(shí) 梳 理一、概念動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種不帶詞形變化從而不指示、的形式。它被叫做不定式，是因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不被限定，或者說不被詞形變化所局限。 不定式屬于。二、構(gòu)成基本構(gòu)成為：to+動(dòng)詞原形否定形式：not+（to+）動(dòng)詞原形注：不定式有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to 是不定

2、式符號(hào)，本身無詞義。 三、句法功能功能例句說明主語To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語對我們來說不容易。作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主語。賓語What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什

3、么運(yùn)動(dòng)？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。賓補(bǔ)My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。定語Have you got anything to say? 你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study Eng

4、lish.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致?？?點(diǎn) 聚 焦考點(diǎn)一：不定式作 主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+ be + adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+動(dòng)詞不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It's

5、very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真是太聰明啦?！镜湫屠}】1. It's our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. It's hard for us _ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It will _

6、the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.4. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to考點(diǎn)二：不定式作 賓語有些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?

7、 你今晚想去看電影嗎？在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我寧愿待在房間里?！镜湫屠}】1. He wants _ some vegetables.A.

8、buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep考點(diǎn)三：不定式作 賓語補(bǔ)足語 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the ra

9、dio. 露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：My mother encourages me to learn English. 我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)英語。 注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如： My friends were made to

10、 work the whole night by the boss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜?！镜湫屠}】1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with2. Mr. Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked

11、3. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered4. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel5. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did考點(diǎn)四：不定式作 定語 不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 如果是不及物動(dòng)詞

12、，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒有什么可擔(dān)心的?！纠}1】 Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks【例題2】I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do【例題3】 He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with考點(diǎn)

13、五：不定式作 狀語目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.A group of young people got together to discuss this question. She came to this city to visit her daughter.原因狀語，多見于“sb. + be + adj. +to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如： I feel very lucky to have him. he ran out of money to buy old

14、bikes. 結(jié)果狀語，多見于“too.to”，“enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如： Im too tired to do it well. The room is big enough for three people to live in.1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 3. I&

15、#39;m sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear 4. I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled 5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets 6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(同意轉(zhuǎn)換)The hole _ _ _ _ such

16、a fat panda to go through. 7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (同意轉(zhuǎn)換)The ice on the lake wasn't _ enough _ people _ _ _. 考點(diǎn)六：不定式常和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how等連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。 He didn't know

17、where to go. 他不知道去哪里?！纠}1】Therere so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where 【例題2】He cant decide _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will （ ）1. My mother often tells me _so many mistakes.A. not to make B. to not make C.

18、 dont make D. not make （ ）2. The doctor asked the patient _rich food after the operation(手術(shù)). A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating （ ）3 The workers want us _ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked （ ）4. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. went C. is going D.

19、 goes （ ）5. He often makes his little sister _, A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry（ ）6. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off （ ）7. We agreed _ here. A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet （ ）8. Frank is the kind o

20、f person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with（ ）9. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock A. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest （ ）10. I need a day or two _. A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking （ ）11.

21、 He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking （ ）12. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating （ ）13. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change ? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going （ ）14. They wo

22、nt let his mother _him in that way. A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treats（ ）15. Im sorry I forgot _your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing （ ）16. She couldnt decide which restaurant _. A. to have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at （ ）17.

23、 The chair looks very old, I want a new one _ . A. sit B. to sit on C. sat D. sit on （ ）18. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow ? A. this B. that C. it D. which【課后練習(xí)】根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.     He was too angry

24、 _ _ anything.2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.I dont know when _ _ the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter _ _.4. That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.5. He was so strong that h

25、e could lift the stone. （石頭）He was strong _ _ _ the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.     His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time.8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided _ _ the book.    9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes _ _ the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the