初中英語-復合句

1、初中英語語法-復合句本部分內(nèi)容是中考中必考及?？伎键c。考點詳解：從句的概念：一個句子在另一個句子中充當成分，充當什么成分就做什么狀語。1、 賓語從句1、 賓語從句的引導詞 賓語從句是陳述句時，常用that引導，that無意義，在口語中和非正式與中常省略。如：The teacher tells us (that) we will have an English test tomorrow. 如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，其引導詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當介詞的賓語時，只用whether。如：I dont know ifwhether s

2、he will come here.Sorry, I dont know whether he will come or not 賓語從句是特殊疑問詞時，引導詞就是特殊疑問詞。如：Could you tell me where the post office is ?The teacher asked the students what they were doing.2、 賓語從句的時態(tài) 主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應的任何時態(tài)。如：Do you know who was talking with at 8 oclock last night? 主句的時態(tài)

3、為一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞要用相應的某一過去時態(tài)。如：He told me that he had been to England twice. 從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍現(xiàn)象，自然現(xiàn)象時，從句的時態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時。如She said the sun rises in the east.3、 賓語從句的語序 在含有賓語從句的復合句中，賓語從句要使用陳述句語序，“引導詞+主語+謂語+其他”。如：I want to know when the train left. 由do,does,did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在裝換成賓語從句時，要去電do,does,did,且從句中的謂語動詞要根據(jù)主句時態(tài)作出相

4、應的變化。如：Does he sing well ? The music teacher asked him.- The music teacher asked him if (whether) he sang well. 如果是will,be , have ,can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要把這些詞還原到謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應的變化。如：Will you be free tomorrow ? She asked me.- She asked me if (whether) I would be free tomorrow.4、 賓語從句的簡化 當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語

5、相同時，且主句的謂語動詞時hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等時，從句可以簡化為不定式。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive you e-mail. 當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時，從句可簡化為“疑問句+不定式”。She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.5、 否定轉(zhuǎn)移在主從復合句中，當主句的主語為第一人稱時，謂語動

6、詞時think，believe，suppose等時，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。I dont think he will come with you.2、 狀語從句類型引導連詞例句時間狀語從句when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon asYou didnt look very when you got up this morning.條件狀語從句if , as long as , unlessI ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow.原

7、因狀語從句because, since, as, forYou cant go there alone because you are too young.目的狀語從句So that, in order thatPlease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.結(jié)果狀語從句so.thatsuch.thatIts so hot that we want to go swimming.讓步狀語從句thoughalthough, even if, wheneverEven though he is eighty, the man l

8、ooks strong and healthy.比較狀語從句than, as.as, not asso.asHe runs as fast as Mike.時間狀語從句（1） 當主句是一般將來時態(tài)或祈使句，表示將來的意義時，從句通常用一般將來時，簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”。如：Ill ring you as soon as I get up.(2) when 引導的時間狀語從句，通常表示主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生；before表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句之前；after則表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句之后；as引導的時間狀語從句，往往表示主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，不分先后。(3) until和till引導的時間狀語

9、從句。1 主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，主句用肯定形式，表示這一動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到untiltill所表示的時間為止。如：Ill wait for you till you come to see me.2 主句的謂語動詞時非延續(xù)性動詞時，用否定形式表示主句的動作直到until所表示的時間才發(fā)生。構(gòu)成句式not.until, 有時不用not，而用其他如never，nothing等表示否定意義的詞。如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.(4) since引導的時間狀語從句，表示“自.以來”，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去

10、時。機構(gòu)為：It has been.since+從句It is .since+從句。如：I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University.It is 10 years since I began to study English.條件狀語從句(1) 主句為一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.(2) 如果if引導的條件狀語從句所表示的前提或條件將來可以實現(xiàn)或正在進行，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時或進行時，主句通常用

11、將來時。如：We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.(3) ”祈使句+andor+陳述句”中，祈使句在意義上相當于一個條件狀語從句。如：Use your head, and youll find a way.=If you use your head ,youll find a way.原因狀語從句(1) 原因狀語從句通常用because、since、as引導。這三個詞所表示的語氣依次減弱，用why提問用because來回答。如：I did that because she told me .(2) 如果狀語

12、從句所表示的原因是人們已知的事實，就要用since，而不用as或because。Since在這里的意思是“既然”。如：Since you cant answer the question, you can ask someone for help.目的狀語從句(1) 引導目的狀語從句的詞或詞組有so that， in order that等，謂語中常含有may，might，can，could，will，would等情態(tài)動詞。如：He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.(2) 當從句主語與主句主語一致時，可用so as to,

13、 in order to .如：He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.結(jié)果狀語從句(1) 由so.that, such.that引導，其區(qū)別：1 So+adjadv+that2 Such+aan+(adj+)單數(shù)名詞+that3 Such+（adj+）復數(shù)名詞+that4 Such +(adj+)不可數(shù)名詞+that5 So +adj+aan+單數(shù)名詞+that當名詞前有many或much修飾時，用so而不用such。如：She is

14、 such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.(2) so.that 句型的否定形式可用簡單句too.to或 not.enough to代替。The peach is so sour that we cant eat it.= The peach is too sour to eat.=The peach is not swee

15、t enough to eat.3、 定語從句含有定語從句的復合句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。定語從句的關(guān)系詞的作用：關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句that, who, whom主語、賓語人The foreigner who speaks good Chinese is from Canada.that, which主語、賓語物I wanted to know which school it was you went to .whose賓語人、物We dont like the boy whose father is a manager.when狀語時間I still remember the

16、 day when you left for Beijing.where狀語地點This is where my mother works.why狀語原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?關(guān)系代詞的用法一般情況下，that既可指人又可指物，可以代替who，whom和which，在從句中作主語，表語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能放于介詞后，作介詞的賓語；which指物，在從句中作主語、表語或謂語動詞及介詞的賓語；who在從句中作主語、表語或賓語；whom在從句中賓語；whose在從句中作定語。如：A doctor is a person wh

17、o looks after peoples health. 先行詞 主語 謂語 賓語 定語從句修飾先行詞Who時關(guān)系代詞，在丁定語從句中作主語。下列情況中，先行詞指物時，只能用that引導，不能用which：1、 先行詞時all，little，much，none，everything，nothing等不定代詞時。Is there anything (that) you dont understand?Tom told his mother all that had happened.2、 當先行詞有the only，the very，the last等修飾時。This is the only

18、book that I can find.3、 當序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時。This is the best book that I have ever read.4、 當先行詞有only，all，any修飾時。I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.5、 當主句是以疑問句which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Which is the hotel that you like best？關(guān)系代詞的省略。一般情況下that，which，whom作賓語時可以省略，但以下情況不能省略：1、 關(guān)系代詞which， whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞謂語關(guān)系代詞前時，不能省略。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the club.2、 that，which，who在從句中作主語時，不能省略。Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?關(guān)系副詞的用法1、 when表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。I still