句子成分化分專練

1、句子成分專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English

2、in class.（代詞）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）It is necessary to master a foreign langua

3、ge.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, be

4、come, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（愛好）is playing foot

5、ball.（動(dòng)名詞）The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）How many dictionaries

6、 do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected hi

7、m their monitor.（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her enteri

8、ng the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our sc

9、hool.（名詞）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）（八）狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ight trav

10、els most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Wait a minute.（名詞）Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語）Last

11、night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a d ictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the others, I must work h

12、arder.（目的狀語）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語）She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chines

13、e painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the w

14、ork in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom

15、clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、英語的句子成分：1 、Walls have ears. ( )2、He will take you to the hospital. （ ）3、To see is to believe. （ ）4、Smoking is not allowed in public places. （ ）5、Action speaks louder than words. 6、The chance may never come again. 7、Mary

16、 has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 8、My father is a professor. ( )9、Who's that? It's me. ( )10、Everything here is expensive. ( )11、The match became very exciting.( ) 12、The story of my life may be of help to others.( )13、Three times five is fifteen. ( )14、His plan is to seek wor

17、k in the city. ( )15、My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )16、She covered her face with her hands.( ) 17、We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 18、Do you mind opening the window? ( ) 19、Give me four please. ( )20、 He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) 21、They are woman workers

18、. （ ）22、Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （ ）23、Mary is a beautiful girl. （ ）24、The play has three acts. ( )25、This is her first trip to Europe. ( )26、China is a developing country. ( )27、I have nothing to eat. ( ) 28、 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) 29、 I left the village five years ago. ( ) 30、 I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 31、 The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 32、 The students came into the clas