人教新目標2014春八年級下冊unit10全單元知識點和練習

1、1. Ive had it for three years. 我擁有它三年了?！窘馕觥縡or +一段時間，表示動作持續(xù)一段時間，用于現(xiàn)在完成時。( ) She_ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her. A. has been away from B. has left C. had left D. had been away( ) Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _ in Shiyan for five years. A. was teaching B. has taughtC. wi

2、ll teachD. taught2. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想保留她的那些舊東西，因為它們能使她想起甜蜜的回憶?！窘馕?】keep (kept ; kept) 保留keep 用法歸納如下： ( 1 ) 用作系動詞，意為“保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，其后常接形容詞作表語。 e.g. Please keep quiet / silent! 請保持安靜！ ( 2 ) 用作實義動詞，1) 保管；保存；保留 e.g. Please keep these things for me w

3、hile I am away. 2) 贍養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng) e.g. I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 3) 堅持；繼續(xù)， 接V-ing 形式作賓語。 e.g. If you keep practicing your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 4) 阻止；阻礙 keep sb/sth from doing sth 意為“阻止做某事”，其中介詞 from 不能省略。 e.g. The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the f

4、ootball match. 5) 保持。其后常接復合賓語，表示使（某人或某物）保持某種狀態(tài)或使某一動作繼續(xù)。 keep + sb/sth + 介詞。 e.g. If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. keep + sb/sth + 形容詞。 e.g. These gloves will keep your hands warm. keep + sb/sth + V-ing ，“讓某人 / 某物一直”，強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。 e.g. I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉，讓你久等了。

5、 【短語】 keep a record 保持記錄， keep in touch (with)保持與的聯(lián)系 keep out (of) 把關在外面， keep up 保持；使不能入睡 keep one's / an eye on密切注視 keep away (from) 離開 keep in mind 牢記 keep one's word 遵守諾言( ) Did you borrow the comic book from the library? Yes. I_ it for three days. Ill return it this afternoon. A. borrow

6、ed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept【解析2】 bring back (v+adv) 使回想起；使回憶起( ) Our excellent service _our guests _ year after year. A. bring; down B. bring; back C. bring; in D. bring; up 3. You can also give old things away to people in need. 你也能捐贈舊東西給那些需要的人們?！窘馕觥?in need 需要；需求【拓展】in danger 在危險中 in

7、trouble在困境中 in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康狀態(tài)中A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情4. Because I dont read it anymore . 因為我不用再讀了?！窘馕觥縩o more ;not any more/ no longer ;not. any longer意為“不再” 詞語同義詞用法no longernot any longer強調(diào)時間或動作“不再延續(xù)”，與延續(xù)性動詞連用no more not any more強調(diào)數(shù)量和程度“不再增加”，與非延續(xù)性動詞連用位置區(qū)別： 當

8、修飾動詞時，no longer通常置于be或行為動詞前；no more一般置于行為動詞后。 notany longer與not. any more常置于句末。e.g. He can no longer walk. = He cant walk any longerThe little girl no more cried. = The little girl didnt cry any more.( ) It is late. We can not wait him _. A. any more B. no more C. more D. no longer5. Because Ive had

9、 it since I was a baby. 因為自從我很小的時候我就有它了?！窘馕觥縎ince +從句（一般過去時），主句用現(xiàn)在完成時 e.g. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.【辨析】since 與for 在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中的用法：since其后接時間點或時態(tài)為一般過去時的句子，表示“某事是從什么時候開始”。Ive been a soldier since two years ago.for其后接時間段，表示“某事持續(xù)了多長時間”。Ive been a soldier for two years.( ) My gra

10、ndmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen( ) I _ many new friends since I came here. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made( )_ have you been in the sports club? Since the first month I came to the school. A. How old B. How long C. How

11、much D. How soon6. I have something for the kids. 我有一些孩子們的東西?！窘馕觥縡or 給；為了1) 為了(表目的)e.g. They went out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。2) 為，為了(表利益)。 e.g. What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？( ) The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad _ our health. A. from B. with C .of D. for( ) What did you get _ your mothe

12、r _ Mothers Day? A beautiful card and a scarf. A. for; in B. for; on C. to; for D. to; in( ) It is reported that a lot of adults take lessons online _ further education. A. after B. to C. with D. for7. Ive had this magazine for a couple of months. 我擁有這本雜志已經(jīng)幾個月了?！窘馕觥縜 couple of = a few幾個；一些，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)a

13、 couple of “一對”，優(yōu)指夫妻、情侶e.g. Ill be back in _days. (幾天)8. The stories inside may be a bit old, but theyll still interesting. 里面的故事或許有點老，但它們?nèi)匀缓苡腥??！窘馕觥縜 bit /a little辨析：1) a bit和a little在肯定句中, 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和比較級，意為“一點兒”。 e.g. The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演講

14、者把嗓門提高了一點兒,以便使別人聽得更清楚。 2) a little可以直接作定語修飾名詞，a bit修飾名詞，需后面加of構(gòu)成短語，兩者都只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 e.g. There is a little/a bit of food left for lunch. 午飯只能吃剩下的一點食品了。 9. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.【解析】check out 查看；觀察 check v. 檢查Please _(檢查)your test paper before you hand it in.( )

15、I will meet Jane at the station, Please_ what time she will arrive. A. count B. choose C. check D. catch( )Julie said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? Oh, really! I havent _ my mailbox yet. A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked10. My children are growing up fast. 我的孩子們

16、成長的很快?！窘馕觥縢row up 成長 （常用于指人或動物）( ) When I grow up, I want to be a teacher. A. give up B. put up C. get older D. get younger11. So weve been clearing out a lot of things from our bedroom for a yard sale. 所以，我們正從臥室里清理出許多東西來辦一場庭院拍賣會?！窘馕觥縞lear out 清理；把清空clean up 清理；使整潔e.g. Please clear out the cupboard.

17、 12. Weve decided to each sell five things we no longer use. 我們已經(jīng)決定每人賣出去五件我們不用的東西?！窘馕觥縟ecide v. 決定 decision n 決定 1) decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth 決定做某事 2) make a decision 做決定 My mother has decided _(take) me to acting lessons. ( ) My brother makes up his mind to study medicine. A. de

18、cided B. needs C. decides D. has( ) The classroom was so dirty, I decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. to clean up it( ) The children decide _ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned13. For example, hes owned a train and railway s

19、et since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.例如，從他四歲生日以來，就已經(jīng)擁有了這列火車和鐵軌的組合，大約七歲之前他幾乎每周都要玩這個玩具?！窘馕觥縪wn v. 擁有owner n. 物主of ones own 某人自己的 the owner of 的所有者Who is the _(own) of the bike?I want to see it with _( I ) own eyes.14. And he didnt want to lose

20、the toy monkey hes had since then, 并且他也不想失去自從他出生就擁有的那個玩具猴?！窘馕觥縧ose (lost, lost) 失去 e.g. I hope we wont lose the competition.My daughter was more understanding , although she felt sad to part with certain toys.我女兒比較通情達理，盡管要失去某些玩具也讓她感到難過?！窘馕?】part with 與分開；失去（尤指舍不得的東西） e.g. They were sorry to part wit

21、h the old house.( ) She felt sad to part with her lovely dog. A. find B. lost C. lose D. found【解析2】certain ( 1 ) 某種； 某事；某人 （在句中只能做定語，常與不定代詞a連用，可修飾單、復數(shù)名詞） e.g. A certain person called on me yesterday. ( 2 ) adj. 確實的，無疑的1) be certain of sth對某事有把握 e.g. They are certain of success. 他們有信心取得成功。2) be certa

22、in to do sth 肯定做某事 e.g. He is certain to come. 他肯定會來的。3) be certain +that意為“確信” e.g. Im certain that hell come. 我確信他會來的。( ) He is certain _ to ninety. A. live B. of live C. to live D. to living.15. As for me, I didnt want to give up my football shirts , but , to be honest, I havent played for a whil

23、e now. 對于我來說，我不想放棄我的足球衫，但說實話，現(xiàn)在我有段時間沒踢足球了?！窘馕?】as for 至于；關于 （后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語） e.g. As for computer, Im not telling you anything.( ) _ the doctors, the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger. We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future. A. In front of B. Thanks to C. As for

24、D. Across from【解析2】 to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老實說；說實話【拓展】honest adj. 誠實的（反）dishonest adj. 不誠實的an honest boy 一個誠實的男孩【注】honest 以元音音素開頭，所以前面的定冠詞要用an.He is a _ (honest) boy. We all dont like him.She is an _ (honest) girl. We all like her.Tom likes to tell lies, he is_ (honest)( ) We should b

25、e honest to everyone. We shouldnt tell lies. A. dishonest B. true C. truth D. truthful【解析3】for a while 一會兒 e.g. She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.17. What will they do with the money they raise from the sale? 他們要用賣東西籌集來的錢做什么？【解析】do with 處理；對付（某人或某物）deal with 和do with的用法比較：do with “處理；安置”

26、，強調(diào)處理的對象，常與what連用I dont know what to do with these letters.deal with “處理；應付”，強調(diào)處理的方式、方法，常與how連用He taught me how to deal with pressure.( ) We cant decide what will happen in our life, but we can decide how we will _it. A. agree with B. begin with C. deal with D. come up with( )_ do you _ your broken

27、watch? I am going to take it to the watchmakers . A. How; do with B. What; deal with C. How; deal with D. What; did with 18. We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know.我們通?？梢杂迷械闹R來猜測一篇文章寫的是什么?！窘馕觥縝y的用法： ( 1 )by doing sth 通過方式 e.g. by studying with a group注：介詞短語作方式狀語，回答以Ho

28、w開頭的問句， 表示“怎樣做”。I study English by _(listen) to the tapesTom learns Chinese by _(watch) Chinese movies.( )_ did you get there? By _ a taxi. A. How; taking B. How; take C. How; took D. What; taking( 2 ) by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定詞） by bike by train【短語】by the way 順便問一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 錯

29、誤地 one by one 一個接一個 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐漸地by the time 到為止 by oneself 獨自地 by and by 不久之后 by hand 用手 by the end of 到末尾( ) The experts think that Indias population may be than Chinas 2012.A. much; by B. more; in C. larger; by D. larger; on( ) Lin Lin often practices English _ chatting

30、with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D. with( ) I usually go to school _ bike. but sometimes I go to school _ foot. A. with; on B. on; by C. on; with D. by; on( )How do you learn English words?_ making flashcards. A. To B. By C. For D. With19. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countrys

31、ide to search for work in the cities. 如今，數(shù)百萬的中國人離開農(nóng)村到城市去尋找工作?！窘馕觥縮earch v. 搜索；搜查 research v. 研究，調(diào)查 search for 尋找；搜尋 e.g. They searched for him.( ) Millions of students want to search for good jobs in big cities. A. reach for B. look for C. care for D. find for20. Among these is Zhong Wei a 46-year-o

32、ld husband and father.鐘偉就是其中的一個人，他46歲，身為人夫和人父?！窘馕觥?among prep在（其中）； 之一among 介詞，表示在三個或三個以上的人或物之中The girl disappeared among the crowd.between介詞；表示兩者之間betweenand I sit between Sue and Jane.( ) The workers will build a new railroad _ the two cities. A. since B. between C. among D. during.( ) His grade i

33、n the exam put him _ the top students in his class. A. between B. over C. among D. above21. He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 years. 他最近13年都生活在溫州?！窘馕觥縧ast 1) adj. 剛過去的；最后的 last time at last 最后 2) v. 持續(xù) （可以跟一段時間連用） e.g. The marriage lasted for less than two years. 這段婚姻維持了不到兩年。22. I used to

34、 return home at least once a year, but I havent been back for almost three years now. 過去我至少一年回一次家，但是我差不多三年沒有回去了?！窘馕?】return ( 1 ) v. 回；返回 e.g. He returned home yesterday.( 2 ) v. 歸還；放回 e.g. He returned her book【解析2】be back 返回 （強調(diào)狀態(tài)，若表示“回到某地” 則要在其后加介詞to）e.g. We are all happy to be back to school afte

35、r the long holiday.【短語】 get back 回去 come back 回來give back 歸還 look back 回顧 23. Its a shame, but I just dont have the time.說起來真慚愧，但是我實在沒有時間?！窘馕觥?shame n. 羞恥；羞愧；慚愧Its a shame to do sth 做某事是可恥的 e.g. Its a shame to lie. 撒謊可恥?！就卣埂吭诳谡Z中常用“ Thats a shame! / Its a shame! /What a shame!” 真遺憾；多可惜啊e.g. She has f

36、ailed her test again. Thats a shame!( ) _! You are leaving a good job. A. What a shame B. How nice C. Have a good time D. Congratulations( ) Oh, no! Its raining . We cant go skating on the square. _! A. What a shame B. Well done C. What a surprise D. How wonderful24. Many people like Zhong Wei regar

37、d with great interest how their hometowns have changed. 許多像鐘偉那樣的人視他們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了什么變化為最大的興趣。 【解析】 regard 將認為，把視為regardwith 對持某種態(tài)度 regard as 把當作e.g. I regard you as my friend. ( ) Dont _ others _ fools! They know the truth of the matter. A. remember; to B. regard ; with C. take; for D. regard ; as25. I notic

38、ed thats true of my hometown. 我注意到我的家鄉(xiāng)就是這樣的” ,鐘偉又說道?！窘馕觥縝e true of 符合于；對適用( ) It can be true _ helping each other. A. for B. with C. from D. of 26. Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid 20th century.在我那所曾經(jīng)上過的，自20世紀中期就建起來的舊小學里，孩子們已經(jīng)學會了讀書和數(shù)數(shù)?！窘馕?】count v. 數(shù)數(shù) e.

39、g. The little girl can count.【解析2】century n. 百年；世紀 世紀的表達法：表示多少世紀要用序數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞前一定要加the.【結(jié)構(gòu)1】in the + 序數(shù)詞 + century 意為“在世紀” e.g. He was born in the 20th century.表示某世紀某年代，首先要用定冠詞，然后在年代后加s.【結(jié)構(gòu)2】“世紀年代” the 1860s 19世紀60年代The Eiffel Towel, a cultural icon of France, was completed at the end of the _ (nineteen)

40、 century. 27. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.然而據(jù)鐘偉說，一些事情將永遠不會改變?！窘馕觥縜ccording to + 名詞 依據(jù)；按照 ( ) _ the new traffic laws, people mustnt drive after drinking wine or beer. A. According to B. According as C. According for D. Accord to _(根據(jù)) the survey, many students were

41、willing to work hard to achieve their aims.28. In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. 在我的家鄉(xiāng)，學校對面有一棵很大、很古老的樹?！窘馕觥縪pposite ( 1 ) prep. 對面的；另一邊的 = across from.e.g. We live on the opposite side of the street. 我們住在街道的對面。( 2 ) adj. 相對的；相反的( ) There is a bank across from the hospital

42、. A. near B. next to C. behind D. opposite29. It is still there and has become quite a symbol of the place.它仍在那里，并且已經(jīng)成為那個地方的一個標志?！窘馕觥縜 symbol of 的象征e.g. Blue is a symbol of peace. 30. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays. 在

43、我童年時代，大部分孩子都喜歡在那棵大樹下一起玩耍，特別是暑假期間?！窘馕?】in ones time = in ones life在某人一生中 e.g. In my time, my happiest thing is that I met you. 我一生中最好的事就是遇見你?！窘馕?】especially 尤其；特別；格外，側(cè)重強調(diào)某物超過其他全部，突出特別的程度。 e.g. He is especially busy this week.specially = on purpose 著重為了某一目的而“專門地、特別地”( ) I like the county _ in spring.

44、A. specially B. particularly C. especiallyMany foreigners enjoys Chinese fashion, _ (especial) the Tang costume.31. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts. 我們的家鄉(xiāng)在我們心中留下了很多親切、甜蜜的回憶。【解析】memory 回憶；記憶memorize v. 記憶，背誦lose ones memory 失去記憶 have a good / bad memory 記憶力好/ 壞These old photos bring me some sweet _( memory).32. consider 仔細考慮 【解析】consider v. 考慮 =think aboutconsider doing sth 考慮做某事【歸納記憶】后跟動名詞的動詞和短語：完成，實踐，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be b