八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)Unit 8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解及練習(xí)

1、Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?  知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、重點(diǎn)詞匯  turn on   · 原文再現(xiàn)Turn on the blender.打開(kāi)果汁機(jī)。· 基本用法turn on意為“打開(kāi)”，反義詞為turn off “關(guān)閉”。Turn on TV please. I want to watch the talk show.請(qǐng)打開(kāi)電視，我想看脫口秀。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1. turn off 關(guān)閉，是turn on的反義詞。Make sure t

2、o turn off the light before you leave. 臨走前一定要熄燈。2. turn up 旋大Turn the heat up high. It's a little bit cold.把暖氣開(kāi)大， 有點(diǎn)兒冷。3. turn down 旋小Would you turn down your radio a little?把收音機(jī)關(guān)小一點(diǎn)好嗎?  pour   · 原文再現(xiàn)Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒進(jìn)果汁機(jī)里。· 基本用法：vt. pour

3、 傾倒、灌、倒，其后可接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)。（過(guò)去式：poured 過(guò)去分詞：poured  現(xiàn)在分詞：pouring 第三人稱單數(shù)：pours）pour into表示“把倒進(jìn)里”。The peasants poured the grain into the elevator.農(nóng)民們把谷物倒進(jìn)倉(cāng)里。  finally   · 原文再現(xiàn)Finally, dont forget to add some salt.最后別忘了加些鹽。· 基本用法：adv. finally 最后，多修飾動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，位置較靈活，可位于句中、句首或句尾

4、，位于句中時(shí)，要放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。They finally found the lost child.他們終于找到了丟失的孩子。  add   · 原文再現(xiàn)Finally, dont forget to add some salt.最后別忘了加些鹽。· 基本用法：v. add 加；增加；補(bǔ)充，通常用于add sth to sth的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示將某物加到某物中。（過(guò)去式：added 過(guò)去分詞：added  現(xiàn)在分詞：adding 第三人稱單數(shù)：adds）If you add two t

5、o five, you get seven. 2加5等于7.Please add some salt to the soup.請(qǐng)?jiān)跍锛狱c(diǎn)兒鹽。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1. add to sth. “增加某事物”，如：The bad weather only added to our difficulties.這種壞天氣只會(huì)增加我們的困難。2. add up “加起來(lái)”，如：Add up all the money I own you.把我應(yīng)付你的錢(qián)都加在一起。3. add up to sth. “總計(jì)，共達(dá)”，如：The numbers add up to 100

6、.這些樹(shù)木合計(jì)為100。  a piece of   · 原文再現(xiàn)First, put some butter on a piece of bread.首先，在一塊面包上放些黃油。· 基本用法：a piece of表示“一塊，一片，一段，一根”。piece后面常接不可數(shù)名詞，但是piece 自身是可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，用of結(jié)構(gòu)表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。  celebrate   · 原文再現(xiàn)These days, most Americans still celebrate t

7、his idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.現(xiàn)在多數(shù)人們?nèi)匀灰酝胰斯簿凼⒀鐏?lái)表達(dá)感恩的思想。· 基本用法：v. celebrate 慶祝，歌頌，贊揚(yáng)（過(guò)去式：celebrated 過(guò)去分詞：celebrated 現(xiàn)在分詞：celebrating 第三人稱單數(shù)：celebrates）Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago.湯姆兩天前慶祝了他的24歲生日。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)單詞n. celebration

8、A wedding is a joyful celebration of love.婚禮就是快樂(lè)的愛(ài)情慶典。  mix   · 原文再現(xiàn)First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper.首先把一些面包片、洋蔥、鹽和胡椒粉混合在一起。· 基本用法：v. mix 混合，摻和，搞混 ，經(jīng)常用于mix sth with sth的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示用.與.混合。（過(guò)去式：mixed 過(guò)去分詞：mixed 現(xiàn)在分詞：mixing 第三人稱單數(shù)：mixes）T

9、he painter was busy mixing his colors.   畫(huà)家在忙著調(diào)顏色。This paint mixes easily with water.這種顏料容易與水混合。 · 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：mix up 表示“攪和，拌和，混淆”。如：Mix up milk and water. 把牛奶和水混合。Im sorry I have mixed your names up.對(duì)不起，我把你們的名字記混了。  cover   · 原文再現(xiàn)When it is ready, pla

10、ce the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.準(zhǔn)備好了之后，把火雞放入一個(gè)大盤(pán)子里并用肉汁澆蓋。· 基本用法：cover作動(dòng)詞，表示“蓋住，覆蓋”（過(guò)去式：covered 過(guò)去分詞：covered 現(xiàn)在分詞：covering 第三人稱單數(shù)：covers）常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：1. cover sb,/sth. with  用把某人/物蓋上 He covered his wife with his body. 他用身體掩護(hù)自己的妻子。2. be covered with 被蓋著。The field is

11、 covered with snow. 田野一片積雪。 · 知識(shí)拓展其他含義（作動(dòng)詞）1. 表示“走完（一段路程）”，如：They covered forty kilometers today. 他們今天走了40公里。2. 表示“涉及，包含”，如：The book covers a wide field. 這本書(shū)涉及的范圍廣。其他詞性：cover作名詞，意為“封面，蓋子”，可數(shù)名詞，如：The book has a blue cover.這本書(shū)有一個(gè)藍(lán)色的封面。  serve   · 原文再現(xiàn)Serve

12、it to your friends with some other food.用它和其他食物一起招待朋友。· 基本用法：v. serve 接待，服務(wù)，提供，servewith“用招待，提供，供應(yīng)”。（過(guò)去式：served 過(guò)去分詞：served 現(xiàn)在分詞：serving 第三人稱單數(shù)：serves）The company serves the city with running water.這家公司為這個(gè)城市供應(yīng)自來(lái)水。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1. serve as “適合，用作，擔(dān)任”。如：Wilson wants to serve as the ma

13、nager of the store. 威爾森想當(dāng)這個(gè)商場(chǎng)的經(jīng)歷。2. serve for“適合，用作，擔(dān)任”。如：The box will serve for a seat.這個(gè)箱子可當(dāng)一個(gè)座位。  temperature   · 原文再現(xiàn)Cook it at a very high temperature for a long time.長(zhǎng)時(shí)間高溫烹飪。· 基本用法：n. temperature 體溫，溫度The temperature of the water was about 40 d

14、egrees.水溫大約 40 度。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1. take ones temperature 量體溫I think you have a fever. You should take your temperature.我覺(jué)得你發(fā)燒了，你應(yīng)該量量體溫。2. have a temperature=have a fever 發(fā)燒：She has a cold and a temperature.她感冒發(fā)燒。二、重點(diǎn)句型 Turn on the blender.  打開(kāi)攪拌器。  這是一個(gè)祈使句。· 基本用法：

15、 含有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的祈使句，以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。 Speak out your love. The world will become a nicer place to live in.說(shuō)出你的愛(ài)，世界將會(huì)是一個(gè)更好的居住地。 Boys and girls, put up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp. 孩子們，如果你想?yún)⒓酉牧顮I(yíng)，請(qǐng)舉手。  How many bananas do we need?    我們需要多少香蕉？  

16、60; How much sugar do we nee?    我們需要多少糖？  · 基本用法how many和how much都是用來(lái)提問(wèn)數(shù)量的，不同的是how many 提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，而how much提問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。How many English story books do you have?你有多少本故事書(shū)？How much juice do you need? 你需要多少果汁？建議：搜索相關(guān)題目時(shí)，在關(guān)鍵詞中輸入how many/how much，精確定位。 It is always on th

17、e fourth Thursday in November, and is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn.   感恩節(jié)總是在11月的第四個(gè)星期四，是感謝秋季豐收的時(shí)間。  本句中動(dòng)詞不定式to give thanks for food in the autumn用來(lái)修飾前面的a time· 基本用法：動(dòng)詞不定式通常做后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞和代詞，與被修飾詞之間有如下幾種關(guān)系：1. 主謂關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞或代詞實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：We need someone to hel

18、p with the work. （someone will help with the work） 我們需要有人來(lái)幫忙干這工作。2. 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。如：I have many letters to write. （to write many letters） 我有許多信要寫(xiě)。3. 同位關(guān)系：不定式與所修飾的名詞指的是一回事。如：We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我們制定了一個(gè)向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)的計(jì)劃。4. 狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞實(shí)際上表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的方式、時(shí)間等，這些名詞多是

19、抽象名詞。如：That's the way to do it. 那樣做才對(duì)。I have no time to go there. 我沒(méi)有時(shí)間去那兒。建議：動(dòng)詞不定式的用法是比較復(fù)雜的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，老師在搜索題目時(shí)，可搜索難度較小的題目。At this time, people also remember the first travelers from England who came to live in America about 400 years ago.  這個(gè)時(shí)候，人們也會(huì)想到第一批400年前從英國(guó)來(lái)到美國(guó)生活的移民。  

20、60;本句中who came to live in America about 400 years ago作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾the first travelers from England. · 基本用法： 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 住在我隔壁的人是名警察。You must do everything that I do. 你必須做我做的事情。上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，

21、定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格who/whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why。· 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1. who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ) The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One. 踢足球的男生來(lái)自1班。Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way.  昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?. whom指人，

22、先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。Mr. Liu is the person (whom/who) you talked about. 劉先生是你談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。The man who/whom/that you met just now is my friend. 你剛碰到的那個(gè)人是我的朋友。3. which指物，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Football is a game that/which is liked by most boys. (先行詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)) 足球是很多男生喜歡的項(xiàng)目。 This is the pen

23、 (which/that) he bought yesterday. (先行詞在句子中做賓語(yǔ)) 這是他昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (先行詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)) 來(lái)市里參觀的人都到齊了。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (先行詞在句子中做賓語(yǔ))我今天早上見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？5. whose通常指人，也可指物，它代指的先行

24、詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個(gè)爸爸做醫(yī)生的朋友。I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.我住在一個(gè)屋頂?shù)顾姆孔永?。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.  門(mén)壞了的那個(gè)教室將很快被修好。These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big m

25、eal at home with their family.  如今，大部分美國(guó)人仍然通過(guò)全家吃大餐的方式慶祝感恩節(jié)。  本句中，by having a big meal at home with their family指的是通過(guò)全家一起吃大餐的方式。· 基本用法：by doing sth指“通過(guò).的方式”Many students memorize the new words them by reading them many times.很多學(xué)生通過(guò)多次讀單詞來(lái)記憶。They confused me by asking me so many que

26、stions. 他們提了很多問(wèn)題，把我都弄糊涂了。三、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法  可數(shù)名詞  · 定義：可數(shù)名詞是指能以數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，可以分成個(gè)體的人或東西?？蓴?shù)名詞在應(yīng)用時(shí)有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)別，可在前面加one或使用不定冠詞a/an表單數(shù)；要表達(dá)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其形式變化分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。· 規(guī)則變化1. 在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s，如：map maps boy boys horse horses 注意：以ch結(jié)尾發(fā)音為k的名詞復(fù)數(shù)也加s，如stomach stomachs2. s,x ,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加es，如：clas

27、s classes box boxes dish dishes bench benches3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i，再加es，如：family families city cities party parties 4. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f或fe為v，再加es，如：shelf shelves wolf wolves life lives knife knives某些復(fù)數(shù)加-s，如：roof roofs5. 以-o結(jié)尾的詞，通常加-es，但如果o前面是原因字母或外來(lái)詞，縮寫(xiě)詞以o結(jié)尾則只加s，有生命的要加es，沒(méi)有生命的加s。· 不規(guī)則變化1.

28、 國(guó)人復(fù)數(shù)：英法a變e，中日兩瑞不變形，其他末尾加s，如：Englishman Englishmen Chinese Chinese Swiss Swiss American Americans German Germans2. 單復(fù)同形： 中日兩瑞，魚(yú)羊鹿，如：sheep sheep deer deer3. 集體名詞復(fù)數(shù)：集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員），如class（班級(jí)，班里的學(xué)生）,family（家庭，家庭成員）crowd（人群，一群人）couple（夫婦，丈夫和妻子）group（群組，一組人）government（政府機(jī)構(gòu)，政府人員）。4. 集合名

29、詞復(fù)數(shù)：集合名詞雖是單數(shù)形式，卻總是用作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)，前面不可以用不定冠詞，如：people, police，cattle等。其中cattle要表示量的概念，要使用量詞head，且用單數(shù)，十頭牛的表達(dá)是ten head of cattle.5. 合成名詞：合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)由主體名詞決定，有主體名詞則主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。如：son-in-law sons-in-law  passer-by passers-by；無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：grown-up grown-ups6. 其他：經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的其他不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)有：child children foot feet toot

30、h teeth goose geese woman women man men, ox oxen等。· 只修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞：1. 表示“許多、大量”的短語(yǔ)詞匯中，只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的有:many, a good/great many, a (great/large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如: Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. 開(kāi)張后的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。There are a number of stude

31、nts reading English in the classroom. 教室里有許多學(xué)生在讀英語(yǔ)。2. 表示“少量”的短語(yǔ)詞匯中，只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的有a few, quite a few, few, only a few。表示“另一”的短語(yǔ)詞匯中，只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有another, other。  不可數(shù)名詞  · 定義：不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面也不可以用不定冠詞修飾。· 用法1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說(shuō)明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)

32、量名詞。其復(fù)數(shù)形式體現(xiàn)在量詞上，如：a bag of rice two bags of rice, a piece of paper three pieces of paper, 2. 只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞：表示“許多、大量”的短語(yǔ)詞匯中，只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有: much,  a  great  deal  of,  a  great/large  amount  of等。例如：Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水嗎?例如：He always has a gr

33、eat amount of work to do.他總是有很多工作要做。表示“少量”的短語(yǔ)詞匯中，只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：a little, little。3. 兼用修飾詞：表示“許多、大量”的短語(yǔ)詞匯中， 既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們是：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of；其他還有some other等。  First, . Next,. Then, . Finally .   首先,. 其次., 然后., 最后.  

34、;· 基本用法該結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來(lái)描述做一件事情的程序。How to Make Beef and Tomato NoodlesFirst, cut up the tomatoes and the beef.首先，把牛肉和西紅柿切碎。Next, boil the noodles and cook beef and tomatoes. 其次，把面條煮熟，烹飪牛肉和西紅柿。Then, add the ingredients to the noodles.然后，把調(diào)料加到面條里。Finally, add salt to the noodles. 最后，在面條里放鹽。同

35、步檢測(cè).單項(xiàng)填空（每小題1分，滿分15分）21. I want to see Animal World. Please _ the TV. A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off 22. Dont _ the milk into the cup. Its full (滿了). A. peel B. pour C. leave D. drink23. The banana is too big. You can _ first. A. cut up them B. cut them up C. cut it up D. cut up it24

36、. Tom, please add some salt _ the noodles. A. on B. in C. to D. at25. You should put _ and a cup of yogurt into the blender.A. two teaspoon of sugar B. a teaspoon of sugar C. two teaspoons of sugars D. a teaspoon of sugars26. How does he _ fruit salad?A. make B. take C. cook D. do27. _ yogurt do you

37、 need?Two cups.A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long 28. Heres a recipe _ a turkey sandwich. A. with B. at C. for D. on29. Add some honey and _ the ingredients（配料）.A. cut up B. mix up C. turn on D. put on30. Turn on the blender _ about two minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. to31. Then cut up _

38、 onion and _ tomato.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a 32. I had _ for breakfast yesterday.A. two bread B. two slices of bread C. two slice of bread D. some breads33. First, put some lettuce _ the bread.A. to B. at C. on D. up34. Would you like some more tea?_, please.A. No moreB. Just a littleC. I

39、ve had enoughD. Yes, I would35. First, put the bananas in the blender. _ turn on the blender.A. Next B. Finally C. Last D. Third.完形填空（每小題1分，滿分10分）Do you know how to make spaghetti with creamy mushroom sauce and cook rice with a machine? Now lets learn how to make them. How to make spaghetti with cre

40、amy mushroom sauce.Boil a pot of water and cook the spaghetti in it 36 20 minutes and 37 the onion. Heat (加熱) a little oil in a pan and cook the onion and garlic for three minutes. 38 the mushrooms and cook for one minute. Add the wine, cream and vegetable soup. Cook them for 10 minutes. Beat (打) an

41、 egg, and add a little water and pour it 39 into the pan, 40 for half a minute. Add the beans and tomatoes and stir (攪拌) for two minutes on a low heat, put the spaghetti on the plates and 41 the sauce over the top. How to cook rice with a machine. First, 42 the lid (蓋子) and put water, salt, and rice

42、 in the pot. Then put the cover on the pot and close the lid. 43 , press (按) the button (按鈕) for “white” or “brown”, and then press the “start” button. Cook the rice for about 30 minutes. You will 44 a beeping sound when its finished, but you should wait about five minutes before 45 . Finally, take

43、out the pot. Bring it to the table and enjoy your meal. 36. A. duringB. inC. forD. on37. A. cut downB. cut offC. cut upD. cut to38. A. AddB. PutC. CutD. Take39. A. slowB. slowlyC. slowerD. more slowly40. A. mix toB. mix ofC. mix upD. mixed up41. A. putB. pourC. peelD. pot42. A. closeB. putC. openD.

44、opened43. A. FirstB. At firstC. NextD. At the end44. A. listenB. seeC. hearD. watch45. A. to eatB. eatsC. ateD. eating.閱讀理解（每小題2分，滿分20分）APotato chips are very popular in the world. Do you know how they were invented (發(fā)明) In 1853, a native (本土的) American named George Crum made the first potato chips.

45、 Crum was a chef (廚師) in an expensive restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. One day, a customer (顧客) did not like the French fries. He said they were cut too thick. That day Crum was in a bad mood, so he cut the potatoes really, really thin and he cooked them for a long time until they were very

46、 crispy (酥脆的). He wanted to make the customer dislike them. But the customer loved them very much and asked for more. Other people wanted Crums potato chips. Now, there was a new food on the menuSaratoga chips. Soon Crum opened his own restaurant and made his special chips. It took a long time to ma

47、ke potato chips. People peeled the potatoes by hand. Then in 1920, the automatic (自動(dòng)的) potato peeler changed everything. Now it was faster and easier to make potato chips. Now potato chips were not a specialty. They were a popular snack food, but only in the north. A salesman named Herman Lay wanted to sell potato chips in the south. He sold potato chips in bags. His business grew. Today, Americans eat a lot of potato chips every day.閱讀短文, 判斷正（T）誤（F）。（ ）46. At first the French fries were very thin. （ ）47.