高考英語閱讀理解技巧練習(xí)——議論文的閱讀技巧和方法

1、高考英語閱讀理解技巧練習(xí)議論文的閱讀技巧和方法高考英語閱讀理解的分值高達(dá)45分幾乎占了整套試卷的三分之一。近幾年高考閱讀理解的閱讀量呈逐漸擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)，選項(xiàng)詞量增加的幅度大于短文詞量增加的幅度，且閱讀速度進(jìn)一步提高，整卷的考查重點(diǎn)是閱讀材料，而閱讀理解重點(diǎn)檢測(cè)我們的語篇領(lǐng)悟能力，將測(cè)試的基本點(diǎn)定于語篇分析選材多樣，突出實(shí)際運(yùn)用，內(nèi)容貼近生活，寓于交際，具有很強(qiáng)的思想性、時(shí)代性和實(shí)用性，涉及了社會(huì)文化、教育、科普、日常生活各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。下面談?wù)劯呖荚囶}中的議論文的閱讀技巧、方法議論文，有論點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實(shí)，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個(gè)具有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點(diǎn)。該類文章邏輯性

2、強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)以及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判定能力。英語文章講究使用主題段或主題句。主題段通常在文章開頭，簡(jiǎn)要概括文章的中心思想，主題句可能在一段的開頭交待該段的中心意思，再由全段展開或討論這個(gè)意思。主題句也可能在中間或末尾，由全段展開討論后歸納總結(jié)出來。段與段之間常用詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，為了深化主題，作者可能用許多方法來寫。議論文的閱讀和其它體裁的文章閱讀一樣，可以有以下幾種出題方式：1。主旨大意；2。細(xì)節(jié)理解；3。推理判定等；4。詞義理解。1主旨大意題。主旨大意題是專門檢查對(duì)短文整體理解程度的。每篇文章都有主題句表明其主題(中

3、心)思想。常見的問題有：(1) From the passage we know that _.(2) The best title of the passage should be _.(3) The main idea of the Paragraph is to _.(4) The main purpose of the passage is to _.(5) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?在回答此類問題時(shí)，要找出文章的主題句，這些主題句經(jīng)常在短文的開頭或結(jié)尾處，在這兩個(gè)地方很輕易找

4、到它們。那些錯(cuò)誤的答案干擾項(xiàng)有的太籠統(tǒng)，有的則太具體，片面，不能恰當(dāng)?shù)胤从扯涛牡闹行乃枷搿?細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)節(jié)題主要是檢查與主題思想有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。常見的問題形式有：(1) According to the passage, the author mentions _.(2) Which of the following does the author discuss?(3) Choose the right order of the events.細(xì)節(jié)問題詢問的是作者說了些什么，其答案在本文中已明確表述過，此時(shí)最好的辦法就是在文中找出相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。假

5、如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not 或except等表示否定意義的詞，則要更加留意。3推理判定題。推理判定題主要是提問那些在文中未說明，但已特殊暗示的內(nèi)容。題目的要求常是這樣的：(1) This article is particularly written for _.(2) The writer is trying to tell us _.(3) When the writer says-, he really means _.(4) The writer regards -as _.(5) The writers attitude toward -is _.做推理判定題時(shí)，要透過字

6、里行間把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵，客觀地反映文章的思想，克服主觀臆想。特殊留意那些最能反映句子之間，段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系的連詞。深刻而正確地把握文章 的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。4詞義理解題。英語詞語的詞意非常豐富，語境不同，詞意也不同，要專心揣摩在上下文中的含義。常見的問題形式有：(1) The author uses the word “” to mean _.(2) According to the passage , “” probably means _(3) The word “” in paragraph - refers to _.(4) The underlined word “” means _.(

7、5) The underlined phrase “” means _.詞義理解題中的詞往往一詞多義，可以采用利用上下文中說話者的語氣推測(cè)其意義；在特定的語境中，進(jìn)行邏輯推理的方式也可以獲得合理的信息?？傊?，上述關(guān)于議論文閱讀理解的方法與技巧看起來挺費(fèi)時(shí)，但事實(shí)上相反，只要我們平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)多加留意，形成習(xí)慣，這種方法則會(huì)成為我們閱讀理解最省時(shí)，最可靠的一種。第一組Text AHONG KONG-Students from Hong Kong and Taiwan are clamoring(喧鬧) for places in mainland universities following Chi

8、nas accession to the World Trade Organization, a news report said on Monday.The number of students from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao applying for postgraduate course on the Chinese mainland leapt(躍過)71.5 per cent in 2001 to 1,828, according the Hong Kong based South China Morning Post.The number of H

9、ong Kong students applying for degree places on the mainland has risen from 40 in 1992 to 252 last year, according to the territorys (邊境) examinations authority.While the number of Taiwan applicants has exceeded(超過) 700, more than double last year，s total of 296, Xinhua reported.The most popular uni

10、versities are Beijings Peking University and Qinghua University, where US President George W. Bush delivered a speech to students on February 23, Jinan University in Guang zhou, Shanghais Fudan University and the Shanghai Medical University .The newspaper quoted Deng Penghuai, head of School of Inte

11、rnational Education Tianjin University, as saying Chinas WTO entry boosted(提高，促進(jìn))interest in Chinese universities in Hong Kong and Taiwan.“ Many multinational(跨國(guó)的)corporations have entered or are about to enter the Chinese mainland,” he said. “They need people who know both sides of the world. Hong

12、Kong and Taiwan students have advantage in this respect.”“So we see a lot of them now coming to the mainland to study. Many of them will then work for these companies on the mainland.”1. The students from HK and Taiwan who come to study in mainland mainly _ .A. postgraduates B. university graduatesC

13、. fresh-men D. middle-school students2. More HK and Taiwan students have come to mainland for study mainly because _ .A. the territory examination is not out so strictly nowB. the mainland have more well-known universitiesC. they want to help increase the understanding of the two sidesD. Chinas entr

14、y of the WTO has provided more chances of employment3. The rate of _ students applying for degree places on the mainland increases the fastest.A. Hong Kong B. Taiwan C. Macao D. Singapore4. It can be inferred that after graduation some of the HK and Taiwan students will _ .A. come back home B. work

15、in the mainland governmentsC. settle down in the mainland D. stay and work in the multinational corporationsText BHave you ever wondered what you would look like if you were an Asian, Middle Eastern, black, white or Indian person? By stepping into the Human Race Machine, you can find out. When you s

16、it inside it, the machine creates a digital image (數(shù)字影像) of your face. After pushing certain buttons, the machine uses various photos of people of a certain ethnic group mixed with your own facial features. From this, it can come up with an image showing how you would look as a member of a different

17、 race.The machine is part of a traveling retrospective (回顧展) called “ Seeing and Believing: The Art of Nancy Burson.” Burson is a famous American photographer and inventor. The show of 100 photos and multimedia works was on view at the Grey ArtGallery in New York on April 20.“ It is a strange feelin

18、g, just like stepping into someone elses skin.” Said Hathy Zajchenko, a museum visitor from Pennsylvania, US. As soon as she sat down, she tried out a range of ethnic groups. “ The Middle Eastern image worked pretty well for me,” she said with a smile.According to Burson, the machine is a prayer for

19、 unity. It is about seeing through differences to find the things we all share in common. Burson added the database (資料庫(kù)) of Middle Eastern faces, both Arab and Jewish, after the terrorist attacks (恐怖襲擊) on September 11. “ I have always wanted to allow people to see differently. I am a photographer.

20、 I am recording the unseen, because what we can not see is so much more interesting than what we can see,” Burson said.For those who missed the show, the Human Race machine will be on view at the New York Hall of Science in the Queens district full-time as of June.5. The Human Race Machine can _ .A.

21、 tell you what you would look like if you were a member of another ethnic groupB. create a digital image of your face and change itC. turn your pray into realityD. let people step into someone elses skin6. The phrase “ come up with” in the first paragraph means _.A. get nearer B. produce C. come out

22、 D. change7. When Kathy Zajchenko said that the Middle Eastern image worked well for her, she meant that _ .A. she would like to change her face B. she had a strange feelingC. she was satisfied with what she looked like as a Middle Eastern personD. she could buy the Human Race machine8. The sentence

23、 “ The machine is a pray for unity” means _ .A. the Human Race machine can unite the facial feather of a different ethnic group with your ownB. the machine shows that no matter what race people are , there are some things we all have in commonC. one can pray before the machineD. if you want, the mac

24、hine can change your face9. Burson added the database of Middle Eastern faces after the September 11 attack because _.A. she wanted to show people what terrorists look likeB. she wanted to record what people can not seeC. she wanted to be famous as a photographer D. she wanted to let people see the

25、foreign peopleText CSUNSHINE COMPANYProducts for a Safe EnvironmentA4277HAND SOAPYou are going to love this natural soap. There are no chemicals in it. It is very good for your hands and face. D4545GARDEN SPRAYInsects are going to run away from our new chili garlic spray. It is safe and natural.B237

26、7HOME CLEANERYou are not going to need 5 or 6 chemical cleaners. You have Dr Clean! It is safe and strong, and it cleans everything in your house!A2104CANVAS BAGYou are going to say, “ No paper or plastic!” You have this excellent heavy canvas shopping bag.ItemCodePriceNatural shampooT6762$3.00Garde

27、n sprayD4544$2.50Canvas bagA2104$4.00Hand soapA2477$1.00Home cleanerB2377$2.25Postage: $3.5010. Dr clean is _.A. an expert in cleaning everything B. a newlyinvented machineC. a can of cleaning powder D. a magic cloth for cleaning11. According to the ads, where can you mail your letter to if you want

28、 something to kill ants?A. D4545 Garden Spray B. Sunshine CompanyC. Safe Environment Product D. The Dr Cleans 12. According to the ads. How much do you have to pay for three shampoos and two canvas bags totally?A. $ 12.25 B. $ 20.50 C. $ 13.50 D. $ 17.00Text DPat Brown went to her bank to ask for an

29、 ATM card. It looks like a credit card. A few weeks later, the bank posted her a card and a four number personal identification number (PIN) .Her PIN is 1234。As Pat was getting ready for bed one night, she remembered that she had only2 in her bag. The next day she had go pay10 for a lunch for a co-w

30、orker. She didnt want to get up early to go to the bank. So she went to the bank that night. She used her ATM card to withdraw (take out) 50 from her checking account.These are the steps she followed to withdraw money. First, she put her card in the lower slot on the right side of the machine. She m

31、ade sure her card was facing the right way. Second, the computer screen (window) said, “Please enter (put in) your PIN.” Pat pressed the numbers 1,2,3,4. Next the screed said, “Please select the type of transaction you want by pressing the correct keys.” Pat pressed the bottom key for withdrawing mo

32、ney.Then the screen said, “From which account?” The choices it gave were “Checking”, “Saving”, and “Money market”. Pat pushed the key for “Checking”. Next, the screen said, “Please select (choose) amount of transaction.” Pat pushed the number “5” and then“0”three times, until the screed read,“50.00.

33、”The scr5een then read, “Please wait.” In less than a minute , it read, “Please lift (rise) the lid and take your money.”Pat lifted the lid marked “Withdraw”. She counted her $50 to make sure the ATM hadnt make a mistake. Then she waited for her withdrawal slop to come out of the slot at the upper r

34、ight corner of the machine. Pat checked the slip to make sure was correct. Then her ATM card was returned through the card slot. She put it in her bag and walked away. If Pat had made a mistake at any point by pressing the wrong button (number), she could have pressed “Cancel” and started over again

35、.13. What did Pat do immediately after choosing the account?A. Selected whether to withdraw, deposit, of transfer money.B. Lifted the lid and removed her money.C. Selected the amount of money she wanted to withdraw.D. Got back her ATM card.14. When did Pat enter her PIN?A. Right after inserting her

36、card.B. Right before selecting the account.C. Right before selecting the amount of money.D. Right after selecting withdrawal.15. When did Pat enter her PIN?A. Right after selecting which account she wanted.B. Right before receiving her withdrawal slip.C. Right before selecting the amount.D. Right af

37、ter recording her PIN.16.What did Pat do when the screed said, “Please lift the lid ”?A. Got out her card. B. Took her $50.C. Selected the type of transaction she wanted.D. Picker up her withdrawal slip.Text EOne hundred new bookstalls that will sell newspapers as well as books have been making thei

38、r debut on city streets since Saturday morning.The newsstands are part of the citys efforts to improve the appearance of streets and neighborhoods. The news-stands design, featuring large glass window, will help the customers to see what is on sale at a glance.An electrical screen on the newsstands

39、will announce immediately the arrival of the latest papers. The newsstands will also help collect utility fees. There will be 1,000 newsstands by the end of the year. The newly formed Oriental Books and Papers Service Co. Ltd will manage the stalls. According to sources from the company, over 80 per

40、cent of the people hired to operate the stands will be recruited from laid-off workers. This means the project will help ease the citys unemployment pressure, sources said.All recruited will undergo a training programme and be clad in green uniform. Municipal Vice-part Secretary Gong Xueping said th

41、e installation of the 100 stands was just the first step towards the objective of setting up 1,000 stands in the city by the end of the year.He said the creation of the stalls would be of particular significance to the enhancement of the citys spiritual civilization. He also made some suggestions re

42、garding the location, design, and construction of the new stands, and the renovation of the existing newsstands. 17. One hundred new bookstalls are set up to _ .A. classify the bookstores B. beautify the streets and neighborhoodC. enrich peoples minds with knowledge D. increase peoples purchasing po

43、wer18. The newsstands are made of large glass windows to _ .A. beautify the streets B. differ from other shopsC. let the customers browse through what they wantD .reduce the expenses of the construction19.Which sentence is not true?A. The newsstands also help gather together other public service cha

44、rgesB. The newsstands will make known the arrival of the current issue of paper.C. These kinds of newsstands will widely set up.D. The newsstands just sell newspapers and magazines.20.What is the other purpose of building these newsstands? Give the laidoff workers a chance to _.A. make a living B. t

45、ake up hobbiesC. ease their pressure D. enrich their mindsText A 1 B。 因?yàn)槭巧暾?qǐng)讀研究生，所以這些申請(qǐng)人自然是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生2 D。 由第六段可以推出。3 A。 香港申請(qǐng)的學(xué)生增長(zhǎng)了212人，增長(zhǎng)率為530%，為三地最大。臺(tái)灣增長(zhǎng)率為50%，其他兩地沒提到。4 D。 從文中最后一句可知。 Text B 5 A。從第一段后半部分可以推出 6 B。當(dāng)輸入面部表情后，機(jī)器就會(huì)產(chǎn)生出一張照片。7 C。意思是假如作為中東人，她看起來最漂亮。8 B。無論是哪一種族人，總有些與其它人種相同之處的。9 B。這位攝影師想記錄一些人們看不到的特征。

46、 Text C 10 C。 在B2377HOME CLEANER中提到Y(jié)ou have Dr Clean! It is safe and strong, and it cleans everything in your house!11 B。該表格是SUNSHINE COMPANY公司推出的產(chǎn)品12 B。這是一道計(jì)算題3*3 4*2=17， 17 3.5=20.5，別忘了加郵資Text D 13 C. 根據(jù)第一段第二段內(nèi)容可知答案為C14 A。根據(jù)取錢步驟第一步和第二步，可知答案為A。15 D。PIN=person identification number, 結(jié)合第一段，故選D16 B。根據(jù)

47、最后一段第一句可推出答案為B。Text E 17 B。 根據(jù)第二段to improve the appearance of streets and neighborhoods, 可以判定答案為B18 C。根據(jù)第二段 the newsstands design, will help the customers to see what is on sale at a glance. 可知答案為C。19 D。文章告知sell newspapers and books, 故D為錯(cuò)誤。20 A。根據(jù)文章意思，創(chuàng)辦這些報(bào)亭，可安排下崗人員再就業(yè)，提供謀生氣會(huì)。第二組Text AArt Exhibition

48、: The 16th Asian International Art Exhibition from Dec.18, 2001 to jan.10, 2002 at the Guangdong Museum of Art.The exhibition will highlight over 300 works from Japan, Korea, China Mainland, China HongKong, China Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, The Philippine, Indonesia and Australlia.RMB 70,90,100Booki

49、ng Tel: 88677766Concert: Christmas Concert performed by German organist Thorsten Macder and the Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Yu Feng.8pm on Dec 23,Symphony performing Hall. Guangdong Xinghai Concert Hall.Booking Tel: 87352222Hotel: Thailand cuisine festival: in the Greenery Café a

50、t Garden Hotel from Dec.20,2001 to Feb 20,2002.Booking Tel: 87675443Performance: The night between him and herAt Sun Yatsen Memorial Hall; 8pm on December 6,7,9RMB 100,160,200,260Tel: 8978565621. The group of the advertisements are mainly on _ in Guangzhou Morning Post.A. sports B. business trade C.

51、 city life D. city guide22. If you want to go to the concert with your two friends, you will at least carry _ yuan with you.A. 240 B. 160 C. 80 D. 19023. The countries in the 16th Asian International Art Exhibition are all in Asia except _.A. Korea B. China Macau C. Indonesia D. Australia24. If you

52、want to enjoy yourself on December 7, you will probably dial the telephone number _ _.A. 89785656 B. 87675443 C. 87352222 D. 88677766Text BMichael, a typical American, stays home on workday. He plugs into his personal computer terminal in order to connect with the office. After work he puts on his h

53、eadphones, watches a movie on his home video recorder or plays baseball on the computer. On many days, Michael does not talk to any other human beings, and he does not see any people except the ones on television. Michael is imaginary, but his life style is very possible. The inventions of modern te

54、chnology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings. The world of business is one area which technology is isolating us. Experts say, for example, that many people will soon be able to work at home. With access to a large central computer, employees such as office clerks, in

55、surance agents and accountants could do their fobs at display terminals in their own homes. They would never have to actually see the people theyre dealing with. In addition, the way employees are paid will change. Workers salaries will be automatically paid into their band accounts, making paper ch

56、ecks unnecessary. No workers will stand in line to receive their pay or cash their checks. Personal banking will change, too. Customers will deal with machines to put in or take out money from their accounts.Another area that technology is changing is entertainment. Music, for instance, was once a g

57、roup experience. People listened to music at concert halls or in small social gatherings. For many people now, however, music is an individual experience. Walking along the street or sitting in their living rooms, they wear headphones to build a wall of music around them. Movie entertainment is changing, too. Movies used to be social events. Now, fewer people are going out to see a movie. Many more are choosing to wait for a film to appear on television or a