中考英語語法精講非謂語動詞教案

1、百度文庫-讓每個人平等地提升自我2017中考英語語法精講：非謂語動詞【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1 .熟練掌握動詞不定式在句中的作用。2 .熟練掌握常見的動詞不定式的省略形式。3 .熟練掌握疑問詞+不定式?！窘虒W(xué)內(nèi)容】動詞不定式一、動詞不定式的構(gòu)成不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to ,這里的to是不定式符號，本身無詞義,動詞不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)動詞原形。二、動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明語To speak English is not easy for us尸 t is not easy for us to speakEnglish .講央語對我們來說不容易。不定式作主語時

2、，常常用 it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。吾My work is to clean the room every day,=To clean the room every day is mywork.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語。上語What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動？ He likes Co play basketball.只能作某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語?！把a(bǔ)Mymother made meplay the piano all thetime .我媽媽讓我L直彈鋼琴。在 make, let

3、, see, hear, watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。語Have you got anything to say'?你后要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。犬語'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。went to the library to studyEnglish .（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子 的主語一致。1 .不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用 it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為： It+ be+ adj.(+for/of sb.)+動詞不定式。如：To learn En

4、glish well is useful. It is useful to learn English well.It's important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind, good, nice , clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用 for而用of。如：It's very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好了。It's very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明了。2 .不定式作賓語一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是

5、表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like , want, wish , hope, decide , plan , expect 等。 如：Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？find , think等后跟不定式作賓語時，常用 it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式why not do.,why don't you do. ,had better( not) do.,woul

6、drather do., could/would/will you please( not) do.I would rather stay in the room.我寧愿待在房間里。3 .不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西讓他調(diào)低收音機(jī)的音量。tell , ask, want, allow , get, would lik Pe, encourage等后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我媽媽鼓勵我

7、學(xué)日語。注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel) 、二聽(hear , listento) 、三讓(let , make, have)、四看(look at , see, watch, notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4 .不定式作定語不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞之后。如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有被動關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：There is noth

8、ing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。如果被修飾詞有序數(shù)詞，最高級或no, all , any等限定，則不定式與被修飾詞為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。如：He was the best man to do the job.5 .不定式常和疑問詞what, which , when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句。如：The teacher is teIling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。He didn't know where to go.他不知道去哪里。 (where to go=where he should g

9、o)動名詞一、動名詞的構(gòu)成動名詞一般由“動詞原形 +-ing”構(gòu)成。二、動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對你的健良有害。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。賓動詞賓語I like playing basketball very much.表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或語介詞賓語我非常喜歡打籃球。Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票杲被用來寄信的。霜虐。表語His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多數(shù)情況下

10、，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語。定語She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室里。We should improve our teaching只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。初中階段常見的有：finish , enjoy , mind, miss , be worth , be busy , practice , havefun ,have trouble/problems(in), spend(in), feel like, be used to(習(xí)慣于),give up , keep on , consi

11、der , suggest , can't help 。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞:完成實踐值得忙(finishpractice ,be worth , be busy )繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keep onbe used to，give up)考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggestcan't help , feel like)喜歡思念要介意(enjoy:miss,mind)9分詞易混點清單停下來去做某事、動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別stop to dostop doingremember to doremember doingforget to doforget do

12、 ingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingregret to d-oregret doingmean to domean doing1. stop to do sth.stop doing sth .停止做某事停下來想一會兒。Stop talking please .請不要說話。Stop to think about it for a moment.2. remember to do sth .記住要做某事（動作未發(fā)生）remember doing sth .記得曾做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）I remember posting your letter.

13、我記得把你的信寄出去了。Please remember to post my letter.請記得把我的信寄走。forget to do sth.忘記做某事（動作未發(fā)生）3. forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）I forgot to bring my homework . 我忘記帶作業(yè)了。I forgot bringing my homework .我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。t try to do sth.努力去做某事*1.1 try doing sth.試著去做某事He tried speaking English to us.他試著用英語和我們談話。Please t

14、ry to do better next time.下次設(shè)法做得更好些。5 .百o on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事、go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完這個練習(xí)題后，接著做其他的。Go on doing the exercises after a short rest.休息一會兒之后繼續(xù)做練習(xí)。對要做的事感到遺憾（未做）6 r regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾（未做）regret doing sht.對做過的事感到遺憾

15、，后悔（已做）I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣做，我實在沒有辦法。I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。7 r mean to do sth .打算，想做某事 .、mean doing sth .意味著做某事I meant to go,but my father would notallow m e to.我想去，但我父親不肯讓我 .去。Doing that means .wasting time.那樣做意味著浪費(fèi)時間。二、現(xiàn)在分詞

16、和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別一些常見的動詞如see , watch , notice , hear,feel , have等，它們接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作；接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動作正在進(jìn)行著。如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個動作正在進(jìn)行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)三、need, require . want后跟不定式和動名詞當(dāng)need, require , want作“需要”解時，后加動

17、名詞等于加不定式的被動式。如：The window needs cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned.那個窗戶需要被清洗。四、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別1 .在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義。如：the surprising news令人驚訝的消息a surprised look 驚訝的神色a moving film一部感人的電影the moved people 被感動的人們2 .在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。如：the developing country發(fā)展中國家the developed c

18、ountry發(fā)達(dá)國家the risiPng sun正在升起的太陽the risen sun升起來的太陽五、注意含有介詞to的固定短語在初中階段的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生常常會遇到含有介詞的短語，而其中有些短語中所含的介詞為to ,它后面需要接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式，學(xué)生們很容易將這種情況與不定式符號to后接動詞原形混淆，因此需要熟記這些短語。初中階段常見的含介詞的短語有：1. make(a)contribution(s)to 為作貢獻(xiàn)2. devote to 獻(xiàn)身，致力于.He has devoted his life to helping disabled people.他一生獻(xiàn)身于幫助殘疾人。3.look forward to期盼，盼望We are so much looking forward to seeing you again.我們非常盼望再見到你。4. preferto. 兩者間更喜歡I prefer walking to cycling.我愿意步行，而不愿騎自行車。5. be used to. 習(xí)慣；適應(yīng) .She is quite used to workin