中考英語：比較級和最高級

1、中考英語：比較級和最高級清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： :/qinghua.yeryy / 清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供中考英語 形容詞與副詞比較級與最高級用法形容詞與副詞的比較級 ：大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差異。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttall(高的) great(巨大的)taller greatertallest grea

2、test以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnice(好的) large(大的) able(有能力的)nicer larger ablernicest largest ablest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er, -estbig(大的) hot(熱的)bigger hotterbiggest hottest"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加 -er，-esteasy(容易的) busy(忙的)easier busiereasiest busiest少數(shù)以-er, -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未

3、尾加-er, -estclever(聰明的) narrow(窄的)cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more, most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。important(重要的)easily(容易地) more importantmore easilymost important most easily2.不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good(好的)/ well(健康的)betterbestbad (壞的)/ ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many

4、(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (遠(yuǎn)的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：1old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式：older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder/eldest 只多用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。 My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.2far 有兩種比較級farther和further。在英語中兩者都可指距離。在美語中，farther 表示距離，further表示進(jìn)一步。 I have n

5、othing further to say. 3幾個常用的基本句型：¢ as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as¢ 形容詞或副詞比較級+ than¢ the + 最高級 + 比較范圍  as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1在否認(rèn)句或疑問句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you.2當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式：as +adj.+ a/an +n.或as + many/much +n. This is as good an example as the other is. I can

6、carry as much paper as you can.3用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時(shí)，放在as的前面。 This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.4倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as= 倍數(shù)+ the + n. + of This bridge is three times as long as that one. =This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as larg

7、e as mine. =Your room is twice the size of mine. 形容詞或副詞比較級+ thaneg: You are taller than I. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.注意： 1要防止重復(fù)使用比較級。(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.(對) He is more clever than his brother.(對) He is cleverer than his brother.2要防止將主語含在比較

8、對象中。(錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.(對) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時(shí)候，前面才有可能有冠詞。比較：Which is large, Canada or Australia?Which i

9、s the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters. 可修飾比較級的詞1a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 2還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。 the + 最高級 + 比較范圍1The

10、Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！盜t is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。(錯)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(對)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2以下詞可修飾最高級：by far, fa

11、r, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.3句型轉(zhuǎn)換： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4“否認(rèn)詞語+比

12、較級”與“否認(rèn)詞語+ so as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.  和比較級more等有關(guān)的詞組1the +比較級, the + 比較級越就越The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make.2more B than A與其說A不如說B (= less A than B) He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He i

13、s less slow than lazy at his work. 與其說他做事慢，不如說他懶。 3no more than 與一樣，不比多 no less than與一樣 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. =The officials could see as little as the Emperor. 官員們所見并不比皇帝多。 ( 指都少 ) He is no less diligent than you. =He is as diligent as you. 他和你一樣勤奮。 4more than不只是，非常 She

14、is more than kind to us all.一形容詞比較級練習(xí)1. Bob never does his homework_ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.A. so careful as     B. as carefully as    C. carefully as  

15、;   D. as careful as 2.Now air in our town is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to it.A. very good   B. much better   C. rather&#

16、160;than    D. even worse3. I feel _ better than yesterday.   A. more   B. very   C. the   D. far4. China has a large population than _ in t

17、he world.A. all the countries  B. every country  C. any country  D. any other country5.This book is _ on the subject . A. the much best  B. much the best &

18、#160;C. very much best   D. very the best6.The sick boy is getting _ day by day. A. worse  B. bad  C. badly  D. worst7.This necklace looks _ and_ sells_. A.

19、0;well, well B. good, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well8. Doctor Wang _ heart operation A. is interested on B. like doing C. does well in D. is good at

20、9.the population of Shandong is_ than that Sichuan.A. smaller B. larger C. less D. large10.I didnt go shopping yesterday. He didnt _. A. so B. either C. too C. 

21、neither11._ delicious the food is!   A. How  B . how a  C. What  D. What a12. What animal do like _?  I like all kinds of animals.A. better B. be

22、st C. very D. well13.Hainan is a very large island. Its the second_ island in China.A. large  B. larger  C. largest  D. most large14.If you want to book a round

23、 trip ticket, youll have to pay _ $30.A. more B. other C. the other D. another 15.A horse is _ than a dog.  A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D

24、. more heavy16.Which is _ season in Beijing?   I think its spring.A. good  B. well  C. best  D. the best 17.Usually Xiao Li spends _ time doing homework than XiaoChe

25、n does.A. little  B less  C. few  D. fewer18.I liked to play football when I was young.  _.A. So he was  B. So was he  C. So did he  D. So he did二.用所給詞的恰當(dāng)形

26、式填空。1.Which is _ (big) ,the sun, the moon or the earth?2.Which is _ (beautiful),the black coat or the blue one?3.this moon cake is _ (cheap) of all.4.He is _ (strong

27、) in the class.5.English is _ (widely)spoken in the world.答案一. 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A  7.D  8.C  9.B  10.B 11. A 12. B 13.C  14. D 15 

28、C  16.D17.B  18.C二.1. the biggest   2.more beautiful   3. the cheapest    4. the strongest5.the 語法專項(xiàng)II 動詞一. 動詞是表示動作或處于某種狀態(tài)的詞，它分為行為動詞，系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞，動詞種類多，變化又復(fù)雜，是學(xué)習(xí)英語的難點(diǎn)之一，下面根據(jù)動詞的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸類，并提供一些區(qū)分

29、方法，以便于理解和掌握。 1. 行為動詞在動詞中數(shù)量最多，它含有實(shí)在的意義又叫實(shí)義動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句中可以單獨(dú)作謂語，行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞后面必須加賓語，意義才完整，不及物動詞后面不能直接帶賓語，常需要在賓語前加介詞才能帶賓語。 eg: We study English very hard. She has a book in her hand. The sun rises in the east. 2. 連系動詞本身有一定詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，常見的連系動詞有：be, look, sound, get, become等。 eg: My

30、 parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good. 3. 助動詞本身無詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須和主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問，否認(rèn)，時(shí)態(tài)或其它語法形式。常見的助動詞有：be, have, do, will, shall等。 eg: Do you have a brother? Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary? I didnt go to the cinema yesterday. 4. 情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)

31、成謂語，表示說話者的語氣和情態(tài)，情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞本身可以構(gòu)成疑問和否認(rèn)，常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。 eg: Can you sing the English song? Everyone must get to school on time. 二. 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)：一時(shí)態(tài)概述：作謂語的動詞用來表示動作情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)，英語中的時(shí)態(tài)，就是通過特殊的動詞詞尾或加一些相關(guān)的助動詞be, havehas等，用來表示動作或事件發(fā)生的不同時(shí)間和方面。 eg: He reads newspapers every da

32、y. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. 二一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 1. 動詞變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。 在加詞尾-s時(shí)要注意：情況加法例詞一般情況加-sreads, writes, says以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的詞加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-estrytriescarrycarries讀音：情況讀法例

33、詞在ptkf等清輔音后shelps, hates, asks, laughs在sztd3等音后izfaces, rises, wishes, watches, urges在其他情況下zplans, cries, shows 2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示： 1經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與這樣的時(shí)間狀語連用：always, often, usually, sometimes等 eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. 2表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He lo

34、ves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. 3表示客觀、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問句一般以在句首加助動詞do，does的方式構(gòu)成。第三人稱單數(shù)加does，其他加do，這時(shí)動詞一概用原形；動詞be只需與主語位置對調(diào)就行了。 eg: Do you like English? Do they have story books? Wha

35、t does she do every evening? Is she at home? Are you good at English? 4. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否認(rèn)式是do notdont或does not doesnt動詞原形來構(gòu)成的，be動詞做謂語動詞只需在be后加not構(gòu)成否認(rèn)。 eg: I dont like oranges at all. She doesnt work in the TV station. They arent students. Im not busy every weekend. 三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 1. 動詞變化：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am /is /are動詞現(xiàn)在分詞

36、”構(gòu)成。加-ing的規(guī)則如下： 1一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。如： staystayingdodoing listenlisteningsuffersuffering workworkingspendspending looklooking 2以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。如： makemakingtaketaking givegivingrideriding pleasepleasingrefuserefusing closeclosingoperateoperating 3以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。如： putputting

37、sitsitting runrunningwinwinning beginbeginning 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，這時(shí)可以不用時(shí)間狀語，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等時(shí)間狀語連用。有時(shí)用一個動詞，如look看，listen聽。 eg: What are you reading now? Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 2表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)期的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 eg: They are working in a factory these days. M

38、ore and more people are giving up smoking. 3表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示一個在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作，即可以用來代替將來時(shí)。 eg: When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否認(rèn)句和疑問句比較簡單。否認(rèn)句在beam, is, are后面加not；疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。 eg: I am not working. What are you reading now? How are you feeling today? The

39、train isnt arriving soon. 四. 一般過去時(shí)： 1. 動詞變化：一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，在句中由主語動詞的過去式來表達(dá)。構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形過去式一般在動詞末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed結(jié)尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edplan計(jì)劃stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否認(rèn)式疑問

40、式否認(rèn)疑問式簡單答復(fù)I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did. No, he /she /it didnt. We did not wor

41、k. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did. No, we didnt. They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. 2. 一般過去時(shí)的基本用法： 1帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。eg: yesterday, last year, just now, tw

42、o days ago, in the old days等 eg: He left just now. Lei Feng was a good soldier. What did you have for breakfast this morning? 2表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，這時(shí)常和表示頻度的狀語連用。 eg: Last term we often did experiments. He always went to work by bus. 五. be going to 表示一般將來 1. 用法：表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪龅氖?，或表示說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為很有可能要發(fā)

43、生的事情，be隨著人稱的變化變成am, is, are eg: We are going to have a new subject this year. Its going to rain this afternoon. Im going to be a pilot when I grow up. 2. be going to 的否認(rèn)句在be動詞后加上not；be going to 的疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。 eg: He isnt going to see his brother tomorrow. Im not going to tell you about it. Whos goi

44、ng to use it? Is your sister going to bring your lunch? What are you going to do next Sunday. 【模擬試題】答題時(shí)間：70分鐘一. 改錯： 例1：The rose dark red. The rose is dark red. 1. He very likes swimming. 2. He can helps you. 3. We havent a good time. 4. What are you do after school every day? 5. Sometimes I listen m

45、usic. sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish smells not good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left. 8. There have many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses is broken. 10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand. 11. What colour are her hair? 12. Does he his homework? 13. A: Do you

46、like your class? B: Yes. I like. 14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening. 15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday. 16. I have no brother and sister. 二. 連詞組句： 1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often 2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the 3. weekdays, he, t

47、he, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to 4. computer, got, new, you, a, have? 5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on? 6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds 7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do? 8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is? 9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, h

48、is, every, where, and, do? 10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, arent, lot, there, of, are, there三. 用括號里的動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1. There be_some glasses on it. 2. He go_to the park every day. 3. My uncle live_ in Nanjing now. 4. _ Lucy and Lily like_China? 5. Li Leinot like_ to drink orange soda. 6. The

49、 girl go_ home at 4:30 in the afternoon. 7. _ Kate speak_ French? Yes, she does. 8. Jim not ride_his bike often. 9. If he be_ free tomorrow, he go_ with us. 10. As soon as they get_ there next month, he call_me. 11. _Li Mings father have_ his lunch at home? 12. Tom not do_the morning exercises often

50、. 13. I be_ hungry and my sister be_ thirsty. 14. The baby have_ curly hair. 15. Everybody have_ a chance to win. 16. I clean_ my room once a week. 17. Nobodytell_ them anything. 18. There be_ a lot of chicken on the plate. 19. Mr. Li teach_ the second grade. 20. The boy watch_ TV every evening. 21.

51、 Mary play_the violin quite well. 22. David study_Chinese and I study_ English. 23. The game be_ interesting. 24. Many children be_ on the playground. 25. He have_ a good time at your party. 26. I have_ a new bicycle. 四. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1. Tom and his father _swimnow. 2. Look! They _runalong the street

52、. 3. We _practicehard these days because we will have a big match next month. 4. What _he _doat nine oclock last night? 5. They _listento the music at that time. 6. When the headmaster came in, the students_readthe text. 7. We _watchTV when suddenly the telephone rang. 8. She _makethe paper flowers

53、the whole night. 9. A: _ you _studyingEnglish? B: Yes, I am. 10. Lets go out. It _not rainnow. 11. Hurry up! Everybody _waitfor you. 12. A: _you / listento the radio? B: No, You can turn it off. 13. I _watchTV at seven oclock yesterday evening. 14. A: What _you / lookfor? B: I _lookfor my wallet. Th

54、ere is something important in it. 15. Look. It _rainhard. Well get wet if we go out. 五. 選詞填空：一選詞填空： 1. I _am, is, was, werebusy last week. 2. Tom and I _am, are, was, werelate for school yesterday. 3. I _walk, walks, walked, walkingto school the other day. 4. Rose _does not, didnt, has been, has tov

55、isit her uncle the month before lastmonth 5. There _is, was, are, werea lot of people in this village ten years ago. 6. Mother _am, is, was, wereill in bed last night. 7. It _rain, rains, rained, raininga lot last year. 二用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1. My uncle in London _senda birthday present to me yesterday. 2

56、. When _beyou born? 3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he _phoneme. 4. When I _knockat his door, he was cooking. 5. We were watching TV when the light _goout. 6. He said he _not likemaths at all. 三用括當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成以下句子。 1. _you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _it for you. 2. Did Tom _ home at f

57、ive yesterday? No, he _. He came home at six. 3. What _ you _ at the store? I bought a camera. 4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _. 5. Where did you catch the fish? I _ it in the river near my house. 六. 完成以下句子： 1. 你長大了想當(dāng)什么？我打算當(dāng)個電腦程序員。 What _ you _ _ _ when you _ _? Im _ to _ a _ _. 2. 你哥哥長大了打算當(dāng)什么？他打算當(dāng)個專業(yè)的籃球運(yùn)發(fā)動。 What _ your brother _ _ _ when he _ _? Hes _ to _ a _ _ player. 3. 你打算怎么做？我打算學(xué)電腦學(xué)。_ are you _ _ _ that? Im _ _ _ computer _. 4. 你哥哥