限制性非限制性定語從句詳解+練習(xí)(附答案)

1、定語從句用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。 一詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分 用于限制從句或非限制性從句 只用于限制性從句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物主語 Who which that主語 Whom which that賓語 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hard

2、y. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2關(guān)系代詞的用法 (1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, on

3、ly, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是

4、與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在從句中作表語，（指人作主語時多用who）僅用于限制性定語從句中。 (6) which可作表語，既可指人，以可指物。指人時，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。 (8) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)

5、該用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you?Where：對于關(guān)系副詞where的考察，趨于一種“地點的模糊化”。當(dāng)先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事發(fā)展的stage，或表達某事的某個方面時都可用關(guān)系副詞wher

6、e。常見的先行詞還有point，case等。 3“介詞關(guān)系代詞“是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu) (1) “介詞關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。“介詞關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。in which =where for which =why on which = when (2) from where為“介詞關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill

7、, from where we can see the town. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句 關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。 2. that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間地點或原因 That有時可以代替關(guān)

8、系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間地點或原因，在 that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。三限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句 1二者差異比較 限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。 2關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù) (1) 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞。 3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離 定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語從句

9、與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如： 1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about. 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四As在定語從句中的用法 1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 （1）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。 （2）as 也可單獨使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。例如：The elephants nose is like a s

10、nake, as anybody can see. 3）the same that與 the same as在意思上是不同的。 2As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置 as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后as is known眾所周知，as is often the case情況常常如此，as is supposed如所料想的，as often happens這種情況常常發(fā)生，as is expected在意料之中。例如： (1) As is expected, the England team

11、 won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.眾所周知, 定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。下面結(jié)合考例談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)運用非限制性定語從句時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題： 一、that不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如： 【考例一】She heard the terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【解析】選B。后半句為非限制性定語從句，盡管先行詞nois

12、e屬于事物，也不能用that而要用which來引導(dǎo)。which指代noise，在從句中作主語。 二、除which外，還可用when，where，whose，whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語從句時相同。如： Next month, when you'll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下個月即將來臨，屆時你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。(關(guān)系副詞when指代表示時間的名詞next month，并作從句的狀語。) She is going to live in Macao,

13、 where she has some close friends. 她要到澳門去居住，在那里她有幾個密友。 (關(guān)系副詞where指代表示地點的名詞Macao，并在從句中作狀語。) 【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【解析】選B。whose在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物時，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為of which；指人時?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為of

14、 whom。 【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,_many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 【解析】 先行詞5:30 pm與time之間是一種同位關(guān)系，可用which來作定語替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài)，常與by短語連用。故選D。 三、在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如： He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmo

15、ther, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母，他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親媽媽一樣愛戴。 四、非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which，既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整句的含義。如： 【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,_made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 【解析】選B。指代“Dorothy總是高度評價自己在那場戲中所擔(dān)任的角色”的整個事件。 【

16、考例五】Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】表示時間的名詞October，用“我個人非常懷疑”來修飾，意思不通。應(yīng)該修飾整個主句， 表示對“Carol說在十月前能做好這項工作”懷疑。故選D。 五、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時as和which的差異：從句置于句首時，非限制性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時，兩者都可以使用。 如： 【考例六】_is known to everybody, the moon trave

17、ls round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】逗號表明為非限制性定語從句。選B。 【考例七】_is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It【解析】答案為B。與考例六同理。 非限練習(xí)+詳解1. The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Whic

18、h B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founde

19、d?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.

20、A. where B. that C. which D. there8. This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you tal

21、ked10. The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone

22、 in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom

23、 C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20

24、.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You

25、9;re the only person _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that

26、 C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. w

27、hose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason

28、 _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all

29、 of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is th

30、e magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A.

31、 that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. w

32、hich; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. /

33、C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48.

34、 John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 參考答案及解析1. A. whi

35、ch用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2C. "和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4. C. when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。6C. 解析同第5題。7. A. 解析見第3題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被

36、動語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A. “談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。10. A. with which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farm

37、house. In front of which在從句中作狀語.12. D. with whom引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17

38、. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語從句時通常構(gòu)成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指

39、代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。 as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時,要用such a.,本題中such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21. D. who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可

40、以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24. A. whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for "以.而聞名".26. C. 當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as. As在本從句中作主語.27. A. 兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.28. D. 在way、distance、direction等詞后的