非謂語動詞作狀語

1、Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed (II)1. 定義定義 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫做狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫做狀語（adverbial)。 I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.2.功用功用 狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、 條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等條件

2、、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。狀語狀語 （Adverbial ）判斷下列各句中狀語的功用判斷下列各句中狀語的功用： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時間狀語）時間狀語）（原因狀語

3、）原因狀語）（條件狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）（方式狀語）6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is old.10.I am taller than he is.11.He often comes late to school.（伴隨

4、狀語）（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（目的狀語）（結果狀語）（結果狀語）（讓步狀語）讓步狀語）（比較狀語）（比較狀語）（頻率狀語）（頻率狀語）不定式作狀語常用來表目的、結果不定式作狀語常用來表目的、結果, 原因原因,條件等。條件等。1）目的狀語）目的狀語To learn English well, he went to England.In order to achieve the aim, we must learn from other countries.一、不定式作狀語一、不定式作狀語注：表目的的不定式還常與注：表目的的不定式還常與so as或或in order連用，構成連用，構成so as

5、 (not) to do和和in order (not) to do 結構，其中結構，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。不能用于句首。 例如：例如：To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. 2）結果狀語）結果狀語He ran to the station only to find the train

6、 had left.3）原因狀語）原因狀語We are excited to hear the news. I am very sorry to hear that.注意：有時，不定式還可修飾一個句子，注意：有時，不定式還可修飾一個句子，表明說話人的態(tài)度。常見的這類不定式表明說話人的態(tài)度。常見的這類不定式有有to tell you the truth，to be honest，to be frank，to be fair等。等。 例如：例如：To tell you the truth, I dont like the film. Tom kept quiet about the acciden

7、t _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 解析：此題考查不定式作目的狀語及其解析：此題考查不定式作目的狀語及其結構，所以選結構，所以選B B。Practice現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可表示時間，原因，結果，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可表示時間，原因，結果，條件，讓步，方式，伴隨等，可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應條件，讓步，方式，伴隨等，可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應的狀語從句。的狀語從句。在邏輯上句子的主語與分詞有在邏輯上句子的主語與分詞有主謂關系。主謂關系。1.表時間表時間Walking out of the room, he

8、saw the boy still there.= When he walked out of the room, he.二、現(xiàn)在分詞二、現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)作狀語作狀語2.表原因表原因Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.= Because he was ill, he.Not mastering the way of studying, I didnt get a good result.=As I didnt master the way of studying, i .3.表結果（并列謂語）表結果（并列謂語）His father die

9、d, leaving him a lot of money.= his father died and left him .The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.= The fire lasted nearly a month and left nothing valuable. 4.表條件表條件Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons, you.If you dont make use of tim

10、e, you will regret.=Not making use of the time, you will .5.表讓步表讓步Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Athough they knew all this, they.Studying from morning till night, I didnt pass the exam.= Athough I studied from morning till night, I .6.表方式表方式,伴隨狀語伴隨狀語 (并列結構）并列結構）He lay on the gr

11、ass, staring at the sky for a long time.= He lay on the grass and stared at the .The girl came into the classroom, singing and dancing.= The gril came into the classroom and they sang and danced. 注意注意：1、為了使現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表達的意思更、為了使現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表達的意思更明確，可在動詞明確，可在動詞ing前加上適當?shù)倪B詞：前加上適當?shù)倪B詞：when,while, once, if, though,

12、 unless, even 等等.When waiting for the bus, he saw an old friend.Dont talk while having dinner.Once losing the chance, you cant easily find it.2.動詞動詞ing形式做狀語，其邏輯主語必須形式做狀語，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。與句子的主語一致。 While reading the book, the telephone rang. While reading the book, she heard the telephone ring. Lookin

13、g out through the window, the garden was beautiful. Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.注意：注意：3.獨立成分作狀語獨立成分作狀語常見的分詞短語有：常見的分詞短語有：Frankly speaking ; honestly speaking;Judging from ; considering; to tell the truthHonestly speaking, he is not fit for the job.Judging from his acce

14、nt, he is from the south.注意：注意：典型例題典型例題 1. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 解析：解析： 此題考查此題考查-ing分詞作結果狀語分詞作結果狀語的用法。的用法。三、過去分詞（三、過去分詞（V-ed）作狀語）作狀語 過去分詞作狀語可表示被動和完成的動作。過去分詞作狀語可表示被動和完成的動作。 表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式等，相表示時間、原

15、因、條件、讓步、方式等，相當于相應的狀語從句。當于相應的狀語從句。在邏輯上句子的主語在邏輯上句子的主語與分詞有動賓關系。與分詞有動賓關系。1、表時間、表時間Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. = when it is seen from the top of the hill, the city.2.表原因表原因Surrounded by a group of young people, the old man felt happy.=As he was surrounded by a group

16、of young people, the old man.Greatly touched by the teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.=Because the boy was greatly touched by the teachers words, he. 3.表條件表條件Given more time, we could do it better.= If we were given more time, we.Compared with your brother, you should mak

17、e greater efforts to study English.= if you are compared with your brother, you.4.表讓步表讓步Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.= Although he was laughed at by many people, he.Even if invited, I wont take part in the party.= Even if I am invited, I.5. 表示方式或伴隨表示方式或伴隨Supported by a girl, the

18、 old man got off the bus.He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.1 1、過去分詞做狀語時，其邏輯主語要與句子、過去分詞做狀語時，其邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致。的主語保持一致。Asked why she was late, her face went red.Asked why she was late, she went red in the face.注意：注意：2、過去分詞或短語做狀語時，也可在其前面、過去分詞或短語做狀語時，也可在其前面加上連詞加上連詞when、if、once、though、unless

19、等，等，以便明確作何種狀語。以便明確作何種狀語。注意：注意：Though beaten, we were not discouraged.=Though we were beated, we.Once tasted, the dish is hard to forget.=once it is tasted, the dish.3.過去分詞做狀語與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的過去分詞做狀語與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：區(qū)別：過去分詞與句子主語構成過去分詞與句子主語構成動賓關系或被動關系動賓關系或被動關系?，F(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語構成現(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語構成主謂關系或主動關系主謂關系或主動關系。 Used for a l

20、ong time, the book looks old. Using the book, I find it useful.注意：注意： from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A seeing B seenSeenSeeing現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞一般式（現(xiàn)在分詞一般式（V-ing）表示動作與謂）表示動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在不久之前發(fā)語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在不久之前發(fā)生。

21、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式（生。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式（having+V-ed）表示的動作在謂語動詞的動作前面發(fā)生表示的動作在謂語動詞的動作前面發(fā)生。Seeing the teacher was coming, the students stopped playing.Having received a letter, I knew everything is all right.（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)）現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動式（現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動式（Being done）表示其被動動作正在進行；現(xiàn)在分詞的表示其被動動作正在進行；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式（完成被動式（having been done）表

22、示先）表示先于謂語動詞的動作之前完成的被動動作于謂語動詞的動作之前完成的被動動作。 The school being built will be completed next year. Having been trapped in the traffic, he was late for work.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)非謂語動詞的否定非謂語動詞的否定 非謂語動詞的否定就是在非謂語動詞前非謂語動詞的否定就是在非謂語動詞前面直接加面直接加not。 Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.如果不定式或分詞表示的動作在謂語動詞如

23、果不定式或分詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生，該不定式或分詞用表示的動作之前發(fā)生，該不定式或分詞用完成式。完成式。 例如：例如：Im sorry you so much trouble. Having never/Not having met the man before, I couldnt recognize him at first. Having finished my homework, I went to play football. 補充補充Exercises1. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived 2. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 3. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C.