狀語從句用法講解和練習(xí)

1、第 章 狀語從句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)狀語從句在句子中作狀語，用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類,分別表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多,但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞。 現(xiàn)分別列舉如下:狀語從句分九類：從句種類主要從屬連詞 1時間狀語從句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 2條件狀語從句 if, unless 3目的狀語從句 in order that, so that 4結(jié)果狀語從句 sothat, such

2、that, so that, so 5原因狀語從句 because, as, since 6讓步狀語從句 although, though, even though(if), while 7方式狀語從句 as if, as though 8地點(diǎn)狀語從句 where, wherever 9比較狀語從句 than, as在這一章節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要求同學(xué)們掌握各類狀語從句基本概念，并能夠靈活應(yīng)用。第一節(jié) 時間狀語從句1 時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有：when(當(dāng)?shù)臅r候)，while（當(dāng)?shù)臅r候），as(當(dāng)?shù)臅r候)，once( 一旦)，till( until)（一直到，直到才

3、），by the time(到時)，as soon as（一就）the moment(一就)since(自從 )before(在前)after(在后)2when，while，as均可表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”。 when強(qiáng)調(diào)“特定時間”，表示主句謂語動詞的動作與從句謂語動詞的動作是同時發(fā)生的，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前；while表示的時間是一段，而不是一點(diǎn)，as多用在口語中，強(qiáng)調(diào)“同一時間”或“一前一后”，有時還有“隨著”的含義。 I'll go on with the work whencome back tomorrow我明天回來后會繼續(xù)做我的工作。 When spring came

4、, he felt like a trip.春天來了，他想去旅游。 As spring warms the good earth，all flowers begin to bloom(as有“隨著”的含義)as, when, while都表示主、從句的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生，但三者也有區(qū)別。as和when引導(dǎo)的從句既可表示一點(diǎn)時間，也可表示一段時間，從句中的謂語動詞既可以是持續(xù)性動詞，也可以為短暫性動詞，經(jīng)常可以互換使用；while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示一段時間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。當(dāng)從句中的謂語動詞為持續(xù)性動詞時，這三者可以通用（前面例句中已有體現(xiàn)），再如： Mother was worri

5、ed because little Alice was ill, especially as / when / while father was away in France.媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾“愃疾×耍貏e是當(dāng)父親遠(yuǎn)在法國的時候。 如果從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進(jìn)行或同時完成時，則多用as，可譯為“一邊.，一邊.”。例如： He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時地往后看。 As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。 I thought

6、 of it just as you opened your mouth.你一張嘴我就知道你要說什么。（若表示兩個短促動作幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用as的場合多于when.） 當(dāng)主從句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時，多用while, 不用as或when。如： She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她以為我在談?wù)撍畠?，而事?shí)上，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠骸?如果表示從句的動作在主句的動作“之前”或“之后”發(fā)生時，多用when（=after）, 不用as或 while。此外

7、，when還含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while來替換。例如： He was about to leave when the telephone rang.他正要離開，忽然電話鈴響了。 We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視，突然燈滅了。 They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他們剛到家，天就開始下雨了。3tilluntil，表示“一直到”，主從句都用肯定式；表示“直到才

8、”，主句否定，從句肯定。 He worked until it was dark. 他一直工作到天黑。 He did not get up till his mother came in. 一直到母親進(jìn)來他才起床。4once“一旦”，by the time“到時”。 Once you see her, you will find what I said is true. 一旦你見到她就會發(fā)現(xiàn)我說的是對的。 by the time+現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時。 By the time he arrives, we will already have left here. 等他到達(dá)時，我們將已離開這

9、兒了。 by the time+一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。 By the time he arrived, we had already left here.他到達(dá)的時候我們早已離開這兒了。5as soon as，the moment表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句動作隨即發(fā)生，通常譯為“一就”。 As soon as I finish the work, I'll go to see you. 我一完成工作就會來看你。 She came to the scene the moment she heard the news.她一聽到消息就來到現(xiàn)場。6since“自從”， before“在前

10、”，after“在后”，It was not long before意為“不久”。 since引導(dǎo)從句用非延續(xù)性動詞或“過去時間點(diǎn)”或“過去時間段+ago”，主句用完成時態(tài)。 Since he graduated, he has worked in this city. 他畢業(yè)后一直在這個城市工作。 I haven't seen him since last year/ three years ago. 去年以來/3年來，我沒見過他。選出最佳答案1) he was listening to the music, John fell asleep.A. AfterB. BeforeC.

11、While D. As soon as-2)How did you try to get to school on timeyou missed the school bus.A. whenB. howC. whyD. that3)He was riding to schoolhe was hit by a car this morning.A whileB. when C. as D. so4)Lucy knew nothing about ither sister told her.A. becauseB. untilC. if D. since5)The policeman asked

12、the childcross the streetthe traffic lights turned green.A. not; whenB. don't; beforeC. not to; untilD. not to; since6) The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours he realized it.A. whenB. after C. untilD. before7) we had seen all the animals, we went home.A. ThenB. AfterC. T

13、houghD. While8)She has made many friendsshe came to our school.A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. until9) How long has the weather been like this?A. Until last nightB. Ever since last nightC. Two days agoD. Two days later10)My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven't seen him .A. since almost a ye

14、arB. from almost a year onC. after almost a yearD. since almost a year ago11)He was so tired that he fell asleephe went to bed.A. as ifB. even thoughC. ever since D. as soon as12)I knew nothing about the accidentmy friend told me yesterday.A. becauseB. sinceC. untilD. after13)I didn't manage to

15、do ityou had explained how.A. untilB. sinceC. whileD. after【Keys】1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B 8) C 9) B 10) D 11) D 12) C 13) A第二節(jié) 條件狀語從句1 條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有： if 如果；unless除非，如果不；on condition that條件是；as long as只要 2表示正面的條件用if“如果”。 If you don't look after young trees, they will die

16、very quickly. If the museum charges for entry, a lot of people won't be able to visit it. 3表示否定的條件用unless( =if.not)“除非，如果不”。 I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework before eight. 說明：ifnot?？梢杂胾nless替代。 If you dont study hard, you will fail in the exam. You will fail in the exam u

17、nless you study hard.4表示使某事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)必要的條件用on condition that“條件是”，as long as 只要”。 You may go swimming on condition that you don't swim too far away from the river bank. As long as you don't study hard, you will fail in the exam.5祈使結(jié)構(gòu)表?xiàng)l件。 前半部分的祈使結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于if條件句，可用動詞或名詞開頭；后半部分的簡單句常用一般將來時，有時也用一般現(xiàn)在時。此句型與條件

18、狀語從句形成同義結(jié)構(gòu)。1) 祈使句( , ) +and/then+簡單句 > if 從句(否定式)+主句 Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth.（如果）給我一個支點(diǎn)，我便能掀動地球。 =If you give me somewhere to stand, I will move the earth. One more word, and I'll turn you out. 你再多說一句，我就把你趕出去。 =If you speak one more word, I will turn you out. Use

19、 your head, then you'll find a way. 動動腦子你就能找到辦法。 =If you use your head, you'll find a way.2) 祈使句（,）+or+簡單句 > if 從句(否定式)+主語 Work even harder, or you will never pass the exam. 如果不加倍努力，你就永遠(yuǎn)無法通過考試。 = If you don't work harder, you will never pass the exam.Stop telling lies, or you will be

20、punished. 如果你繼續(xù)說謊，就會受到懲罰。 = If you don't stop telling lies, you will be punished.選擇最佳答案填空1) Would you like to go to the park with me, Susan? I'd like to, you don't want to go alone.A. untilB. beforeC. ifD. after2)Tomorrow we'll go to the city parkit is sunny.A. as soon asB. whenC. if

21、D. as3)All of us will be happyyou can come with us.A. whileB. ifC. butD. or4)Nobody can learn English wellyou work hard on it.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. but5)The sports meet will continue it rains this afternoon.A. ifB. sinceC. as soon asD. unless【Keys】1) C 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) D第三節(jié) 原因狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句1 原因狀語從句

22、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有： because, for, since, as, now that 1) because意為“因?yàn)椤?，表示直接的原因或理由，著重點(diǎn)在從句，用于回答why，語氣最強(qiáng)。He is absent today because he is ill. 他今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×?。I didn't go out because I was busy with homework. 我沒有出去，因?yàn)槲颐τ诩彝プ鳂I(yè)。有時，可用because of后接名詞或代詞表示原因，此時because of=for(介詞)。We won't be able to come because

23、 of the weather. 由于天氣的原因，我們來不了。She was looking all the better for her stay in hospital. 她因?yàn)榇卺t(yī)院，顯得好多了。2) for意為“因?yàn)椤保龑?dǎo)的從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供補(bǔ)充說明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗號或分號與主句分開，引起的從句對主句加以解釋。I didn't go to see him, for a heavy snow was falling. 我沒有去看他，因?yàn)樵谙麓笱?。The days were short, for it was now December

24、. 白天短了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是十二月了。We must begin planning now, for the future may bring unexpected changes.我們必須現(xiàn)在就開始籌劃，因?yàn)閷砜赡軙l(fā)生意想不到的變化。有時，for引起的從句并不表示原因，而是表示一種推斷或解釋，而because則不能。Someone in the house must be ill, for a doctor has just come out.房子里一定有人病了，因?yàn)橛袀€醫(yī)生剛剛出來。3) since意為“既然”、“由于”，一般表示對方已知的、無需加以說明的既成事實(shí)的理由(如果從句表示的

25、原因不是確定的事實(shí)，就不能用since，通常用because)。Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你要走，我也走了。Since you are ill, I'll go alone. 由于你病了，我就一個人走了。4) as意為“由于”，表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系，著重點(diǎn)在主句，語氣較弱。As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park. 由于正在下雪，我們就不去公園了。He had to apologize, as he knew he had made a mistake. 他必須道歉，因?yàn)?/p>

26、他知道他錯了。由as表示的原因語勢最弱，常用于口語。5) now that意為“既然”，有時可將that省去，含義與since接近。區(qū)別在于：since表示原先已存在的情況，而now that表示現(xiàn)在才發(fā)生的情況。Now that it has stopped raining, let's start at once. 既然現(xiàn)在雨停了，咱們馬上開始吧！Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 既然來了，你最好還是待在這兒。2地點(diǎn)狀語從句 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有： where, wherever, anywhere, everywher

27、e Put it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得見的地方。 I'll find him, wherever he is. 不管他在哪里我都要找到他。 You should put the book where it was.你應(yīng)該把書放在原來的地方。 Wherever you go, you should do your work well. 不論你到哪里都要把工作做好。選擇最佳答案1) I hope to go to France some daythere are many famous museums there.A. thoughB. unlessC

28、. becauseD. where2) Would you like to go to the concert with me? I'd love to, I can't. I have a lot of homework to do.A. and; Because B. but; BecauseC. so; AndD. and; so3)Jim has been in the factory for two years_ he left school.A. whenB. sinceC. as soon asD. whether4)Jack was very tiredhe p

29、layed tennis all afternoon.A. ifB. as soon asC. becauseD. before5)You'd better come back earlierit is getting colder.A. asB. andC. butD. or6)Jane wore a raincoatit was raining.A. soB. butC. howeverD. because7)The Italian boy was regarded as a herohe gave his life for his country.A. according toB

30、. because ofC. on account ofD. because【Keys】1) C 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) D 7) D第四節(jié) 讓步狀語從句1引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有： although, while, even though, even if, whether. (or not), 用no matter十wh-/how 引導(dǎo) 2althoughthough“雖然”。 Although I didnt know anybody at the party, I had a very good time. 雖然晚會上的客人我一個也不認(rèn)識，但我玩得很愉快。 注意“

31、althoughbut”是個典型的錯誤，因?yàn)閎ut是并列連詞，不能與從屬連詞although連用。但是，although可與yet，still連用，因?yàn)閥et，still是副詞，它可使前后關(guān)系更明確。3while意為“然而”。1) while用于對照，說明兩種情況相反，意為“然而，但是”。 Tom is very outgoing, while Jane is shy and quiet.湯姆性格外向，而簡卻靦腆安靜。 While I was reading, he was playing. 我在讀書，而他在玩。2) while意為“雖然，盡管”，同although，此時從句和主句的主語往往為

32、同一人或物。 While she liked cats。she never let them come into her room雖然她喜歡貓，但她從不讓貓進(jìn)她的房間。4even if “即使”（if后陳述的是假設(shè)）；even though“盡管”（though后陳述的是事實(shí)）。 I'm going to apply for the job, even if it pays very little. 即使報酬不高，我也要去申請那份工作。 He is an honest man, I say, even though I have opposed him. 我說他是個誠實(shí)的人，盡管我反對

33、過他。5whether(or not)“無論是或是”. Whether it rains or not, I shall go out for an outing. 無論是否下雨，我都要外出游玩。 Whether we win or lose, we are going to do our best. 無論勝敗，我們都會盡最大努力。 注意 whether作“無論”解，用現(xiàn)在時表將來；whether作“是否”解時則不能。 They'll go out whether it rains or not tomorrow. 無論明天是否下雨，他們都要出去。 Can you tell me wh

34、ether it will rain or not tomorrow? 你能告訴我明天是否下雨嗎？6用no matter+ wh-how的詞引導(dǎo)，意為“無論”。no matter who無論誰，no matter which無論哪一，no matter what無論什么,no matter when無論何時，no matter where無論哪里，no matter how無論怎樣No matter who you are, you must obey the law. 無論你是誰，你都應(yīng)當(dāng)遵紀(jì)守法。 It has the same result no matter which way you

35、 do it. 無論用什么方法來做，結(jié)果都一樣。 No matter how cold it is, she often goes swimming.無論有多冷，她總是常去游泳。選擇最佳答案填空1) he's old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. ThoughB. SinceC. ForD. So2) How do you like the concert given by the "Foxy Ladies"?Exciting, one piece of the music wasn't played quite

36、 well.A. soB. thoughC. becauseD. and3) Shall we go on working?Yes, I prefer to have a rest.A. whenB. ifC. because D. though4)Doctor Li went to see the patientit was raining heavily.A. becauseB. andC. since D. though5) This dress was last year's style.I think it still looks perfectit has gone out

37、 this year.A. so thatB. even thoughC. as if D. ever since6)No matterbusy he is, he won't give up his hobby.A. whereB. howC. what D. who7)I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try.A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since8)No matteryou come, you are welcome.A. howB. whereC. when D.

38、 what9)Though it's raining, are still working in the fields.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they10)Nobody believed himwhat he said.A. even though B. in spiteC. no matter D. contrary to11) what may happen, I won't change my mind.A. Even ifB. AlthoughC. Perhaps D. No matter【Keys】2.1) A 2) B

39、 3) D 4) D 5) B 6) B 7)B 8) C 9) A 10) C 11) D第五節(jié) 目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句和比較狀語從句【經(jīng)典剖析】1引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有： in order that目的是為了，so that，以便 以in order that，so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語通常用may，might加動詞構(gòu)成，也可用can/ could或willwould加動詞構(gòu)成。 He works hard in order that he can serve his country well. 他努力工作，目的是為了能更好地為國家服務(wù)。 They started earl

40、y so that they might arrive in time. 他們很早出發(fā)，以便按時到達(dá)。 注意“for+動名詞”不用于表目的，但“for+名詞”可用于表目的。 Write it in simple English to make(不能用for making) everybody understand. 為了能讓每個人都理解，請用簡單的英語寫。 Better get up early for the early train. 為了能趕上早班火車，請?jiān)缫稽c(diǎn)起床。2引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的詞： so that以致，sothat如此以致，suchthat如此以致 He made a wrong

41、 decision, so that half of his property was lost. 他做了個錯誤的決定，以至于他丟失了一半的財產(chǎn)。 The box is so heavy that nobody can move it. 這個箱子是如此重，（以至于）無人能移動它。 It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 這個箱子如此重，（以至于）無人能移動它。 注意so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其區(qū)別在于：引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時通常用逗號同主句分開。3引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的詞有： than比，asas“像一樣”，not

42、 soas“不像一樣”，the morethe more“越越” I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。 We walked as fast as we could. 我們盡可能地快步行走。 The work is not so easy as you thought. 這工作沒有你想的那么簡單。 Nothing is so precious as health沒有什么能像健康一樣珍貴。 The harder you study, the greater progress you will make. 你越努力學(xué)習(xí)，進(jìn)步就越大。針對性練習(xí)1選擇最佳答案

43、填空：1)I'll leave him a notehe'll know where we are.A. so thatB. so asC. in orderD. for2)The question wasdifficult that nobody could answer.A. very; themB. very; itC. so; themD. so; it3)Mike isboy that we all like him.A. a good soB. so good aC. a such goodD. such good a4)They werebusy studying

44、they couldn't go to the restaurant with us.A. so; thatB. such; asC. very; thatD. enough; as5)It wasthat he had to ask for help.A. so difficult workB. so difficult a workC. such a difficult workD. such a difficult job6)He started earlyhe could get there before nine.A. in order thatB. becauseC. so

45、 as toD. in order to7)Robert is good at languages,we all know.A. becauseB. forC. asD. since8)It looksit's going to rain.A. thatB. asC. as ifD. that【Keys】1.1) in order that 2) so that 3) so. that 4) so. that 5) such. that 2.1)A 2) D 3) B 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) C 8) C狀語從句專練.選擇填空：1. The man cant get on

46、the bus because there _ no room on it. A. was B. is C. are D. were2. I was listening to the music _ there was a knock at the door.A. while B. when C. because D. until3. You may leave the classroom when you _ writing.A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished4. I dont know if he

47、 _ tomorrow, if he _ ,Ill meet him.A. will come, comes B. comes, comesC. will come, will come D. come, will come 5. _ I read, the more I understand.A. The more B. So much C. How much D. For all6. Would you give Johnny this letter if you _ to see him this week.A. will happen B. happen C. are happened

48、 D. happened7. She was busy, _ she couldnt go to your birthday party last night.A. and B. so C. or D. but8. English is _ a useful language _ it is spoken in many countries of the world.A. sothat B. suchthat C. sobecause D. suchbecause9. You will not succeeded if you _ harder.A. will work B. wont wor

49、k C. work D. dont work10. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand you correctly.A. since B. for C. because D. so that11. _ he failed , he went on doing the experiment.A. Even B. Yet C. Although D. in spite of12. The light went out while we _ supper.A. had B. had had C. were having D. would have13. His brother has worked there _ he left school.A. when B. after C. since D. until14. The boy didnt stop talking _ the second bell rang.A. when B. until C. after D. because15. _ I came into the office, the teacher were having a meeting.A. While B. When C