小學(xué)超全英語語法知識(shí)匯總PPT講解

1、小學(xué)超全英語語法知識(shí)匯總 PPT講解k冠詞名詞代詞形京詞副詞教詞介詞Can句型There be句型動(dòng)詞時(shí)志短詞於友宛祠af an定冠詞,the1、基本用法,不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義, 但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念，只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這“，“那”，“這些”，“那些”的意思, 詞前面都可以用。在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名第一次提到某人或某物時(shí)，用不定冠詞a或an,表示泛指。 再次提到某人或某物時(shí)，用定冠詞the,特指上文提到的人、 事或物。如：There is a pen and a pencil in my pencil-2、A與an的用法區(qū)別:a

2、用于輔音音素前（輔音音素指的是發(fā)音，不 是指輔音字母），如：a university student如:而an則用于元音音素前（不是元音字母）， an egg, an orange, an onion.1)i: sea 2) i sit 3) e bed 4)aebad 5) a: car 6) hot, want 7)川 door 8)u good 9) u look 10) A cup 11) 9： girl 12) q JSaturday 13) ei cake 14) ai bike 15) au cold 16) au house 17) pi boy 18) id dear 19)

3、 e care 20) ua tour3、定冠詞與零冠詞的用法區(qū)別:在序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級(jí)前面用the,如：The library ison the first floor. Summer is the hottest season of the year.在球類、三餐前通常不用冠詞，如：play football, play baseball, eat lunch, eat dinner等。在月份、星期、季節(jié)等名詞的前面通常不用冠詞，如：inJan., on Monday, in summer等。Exercise:1. Gilbert is 2. She is3. Im4. He*s5.

4、He likes6. Robert is7. He is playing8. He is playing9. Sophie is on在樂器名詞前用the,表示演奏，如：play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar等。Italian taxi driver. housewife.English. American policeman. book in his shelf.engineer.violin.football.second floor.10. She will come back onMonday.二、名詞可於名祠的系可敘名詞名詞夏

5、數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化:名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的特殊變化,manimen foot-feet teeth2.詞尾發(fā)生變化,如：childichildren變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況下在詞尾加-Sbook-books pen-pens以-s/-x /ch /-h結(jié)尾的名詞 在詞尾加YSboxiboxesbusibuses以輔音字母加_y結(jié)尾的單詞， 要變y為b再加心familyifamilies baby-babies（以元音字母加-Y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加sboy-boys key-keys）以博fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)把諫 fe變?yōu)関,再加一leaf-leaves knife-knives以。結(jié)尾的詞，有生命的加-es,無生

6、命的加-stomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes zoo-zoos photo-photos1 .改變中間元音字母，如:woman-womengoose-geesetoothfish-fish ， sheep一sheep ， deer一deer3.單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如;名詞所有格（1）表示有生命的人或物的名詞所有格形式，一般用S表示。 一般在單數(shù)名詞的詞尾加s,如:Chen Jie mother.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加，不以s結(jié)尾的賃數(shù)名詞要加s,如 : The students bags The children s presents（2）表示幾個(gè)人共有樣?xùn)|西，只需在

7、最后一個(gè)人名字后 加s,如果表示各自所有，則需在各個(gè)名字后加So如：Jim and Mikes room （共用）的房間,Jims and Mikes rooms（各自）的房間（3）表示無生命的事物的所有格形式：名詞+。色 a picture of my roomHer hair is longer than mine.人載代銅 勃工代鐲 會(huì)東代銅人稱代詞一格_數(shù)隊(duì)稱主格賓格單數(shù)第一人稱Ime第二人稱youyou笫三人稱heUmsheheritit復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱weUS第二人稱YOU .you第三人稱theythemHe is taller than me. my hajr三、代詞形容詞性物主代

8、詞與名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別：Her hair is longer than mine.有名則形，無名則名。如果名詞前用了形容詞性物主代詞，就不能再用 冠詞(a, an, the)、指示代詞(this, that, these, those)等核飾詞了 麗如：這是他的書桌c This is his desk.與形容詞一起修飾名詞時(shí)，形容詞性物主代詞要放 在形容詞的前面。如：his English books他的英語 書，their Chinese friends他們的中國朋友cIts a bird. Its name is Polly.它是一只鳥。它的名字叫波利。Hes a student. Hi

9、s mother is a teacher.三、代詞物主代詞數(shù)看一主格賓格形容詞性 物主代詞名詞性 物主代詞第一人稱Imemvmine單第二人稱youyouvouryourshehimhishis數(shù)第三人稱sheherherhersitititsitsa第一人稱weUSourours第二人稱youyou，our .yours數(shù)第三人稱theythemMJ指示代詞this/these指空間上較近的事物：thaVthose指空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。Exercise:從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇正確的代詞填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put(they

10、, them, their, theirs) away.2. (We, Us, Our, Ours)English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like(she， her, hers).3. (h Me, My, Mine)cant get my kite. Could you help (h me, my mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree. Can you help(he, him, his)?5. We cant find our bikes.Can you help(we, us* our, ours)?6.

11、 (This, these) are(he him, his) planes. The white ones are(L me# mine).四.彬客祠和副祠1、形容詞的比較級(jí)：A + be動(dòng)詞+形容詞比較級(jí)+ than +BYou are taller than your mother.形容詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ,如：tall -taller, strong - stronger.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加r,如：fine - finer, late-later.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)，先改y為i再加er,如：funny- funnier, heavy-heavier.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)

12、尾并且詞末只有一個(gè)輔音字雪，雙寫 最后的字母再加er,如：big-bigger,hot- hotterl2.副詞可以分為：時(shí)間副詞，如:now, yesterday, todays；頻度副詞，如:often, usually, never, sometimes, always等；/ 程度副詞，如:very, t。, much, so等。Yesterday, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, last Monday, last weekend, last night, last month, last year, just now, on my holi

13、day, yesterday morning /afternoon/ evening/. 1. My brother is two years(old)than me. 2. Tom is as(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is(thin)zyou or Helen? 5. Marys hair is as(long) as Lucy/s. 7.Ben (jump)(high) than some of the boys in his class. 6.My eyes are(big) t

14、han(she). 7.Which is (heavy),the elephant or the pig? 8.Who gets up(early)Jim or Tom?五.烈詞基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目（多少）的數(shù)詞。年齡和時(shí)間的表達(dá)用基數(shù)詞。One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight NineEleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen NineteenTwenty-one Twen tv-two Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seven八 Eighty N

15、inetyLearn these numbers and find ouft 一起找規(guī)律儼 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10由first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20theleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth21”22nd23rd24

16、th25th26th27th28th29th30thtwenty-first twenty-second twenty-thirdtwenty-fourth twenty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventh twenty-eighth twenty-ninth thirtieth31st thiMy-first注意：序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，通常前面耍嚶冠詞the H期用序數(shù)詞表加，前面可加the,也可以省略,基支序，有規(guī)律,二、三單獨(dú)記C遇到ve, f替，后跟th莫遲疑。八去t來、九去C o-ty變?yōu)?tie,若想表示幾十幾,t*velve_tWGlfth five f

17、ifthtwenty_ twentieth dght_ eighth thirty-one_ thirty-first2、按要求變換句子。1、My birthday is onfourth（對(duì)劃線部分提問）When is your birthday?能力訓(xùn)練2、Nick is thirteen（提問）How old is Nick?3、My birthday is on January 10fL（一股疑問句并做否定回答）Is your birthday on January710th? No iteUSna week序數(shù)詞:1st2nd3rd4th5thMonth?6th7th爭FridayS

18、aturday寫出下列月份的簡寫,Say the months January February MarchaenjuariffebruariSunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Aprilipralmei Maydsu:n June Decembere July August September October Novemberduilai ：gast sepftembe kauba nauemba disemba1. Spring Festival （#Ti）is inJanuary or February 1Fr2. Tree Planting

19、 Day （植樹節(jié)）is in March3. Mothers Day is in May .4. National Day （國慶節(jié)）is in October5. Teachers* Day is in September . Christmas Day （圣誕節(jié)）is in Decemher April Fools Day （愚人節(jié)）is in Ai）ril . Childrens Day （兒童節(jié)）is in June . Students have summer holiday（暑假） July Thanksgiving（感恩節(jié)）is in Nve句型：When is your bi

20、rthday/ New Years Day/.?Whats the date?年：先讀前兩位，再讀后兩位，用基數(shù)詞表示。in 1973月：縮寫形式，首字母要大寫。in Sept口： 一般用序數(shù)詞表示。on June the first, 2013(on June 1st, 2013)3、時(shí)間的表達(dá) 直接讀出數(shù)字，先讀小時(shí)，再讀分鐘 半點(diǎn)或半點(diǎn)以內(nèi)，用past: 7:05 five past seven 超過半小時(shí)，接近整點(diǎn)時(shí)，用t。： 4:50 ten to five 一亥鐘用a quarter 9:15 a quarter past nine他7:45到達(dá)學(xué)校。He gets to scho

21、ol at a quater to nine.1、時(shí)間介詞: at, in, on, before, after,.at, in, on在表示時(shí)間時(shí)的區(qū)別：年用in,月用in,季節(jié)前面也用in,上午下午還用in.H子前面要用。n,若是遇到了時(shí)刻，就用at加前面。2、方位介詞：on, in, under, behind, in front of, near, over.on, over在表示位置上的區(qū)別：on表示在上面，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)物體相接觸。如：There is a book on the desk.over表示垂直在上的正上方，兩個(gè)物體表面沒有接觸。如：There is a bridge ove

22、r the river.A 0 4七、私句型（一）基本用法:1 .表示體力或腦力方面的能力，意為“能；會(huì)”等。例如:I cando the dishes. I can swim.2.表示請(qǐng)求或允許，多用在口語中，意為“可以；能”等。 用于疑問句中用來提出要求，用于否定句表示不允許。例如Can I help you? You cant play basketball.Can you.? “請(qǐng)你好嗎？ ”表示說話人的請(qǐng)求；Canl.? “我可以嗎？”用來征求對(duì)方是否允許自己 做某事。如：Can I wear my T-shirt today? fb（二）基本句式:句式肯定句構(gòu)成與變化否定句一般疑問

23、句主語+can+動(dòng)詞原形+其它如：I can play the piano.主語+can、+動(dòng)詞原形+其它fill: I cant play the piano.Can+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：Can you play the piano?Yes, I can. /No, I cant.特殊疑問詞+ can開頭的一般疑問句?如：What can you do?How can I get to the park?Exercise:一、改錯(cuò)C()1 We can help she . ()2 She cant washes the clothes.()3 What can the cat doe

24、s ? ()4 Can you eat those beef? No, I can .二、填空。特殊 疑問句（不會(huì)打掃房間）.cookthe meals.（我媽媽會(huì)做飯）。2345SheMy mother（她姐姐會(huì)說英語。）Her sister speak English .（你會(huì)唱歌嗎？ ）sing?與have (has)的區(qū)別：there be表示在某疝有臬物(或人)；have (has)表示 某人擁有某物，二者不能同 時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中。 some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some用于 肯定句，any用于否定句或飛 疑問句。f :、八、Ikenc您轉(zhuǎn)狗意義：表示在某地有某

25、物(或人)主語是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用ae;如果有幾件物品，be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最接近加的那個(gè)名詞決定，簡稱“就近原則” o如：There is a pencil-case and three books in my schoolbag. There are three books and a pencil-case in my schoolbag.句式：否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not, 一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞放句首。 用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。 1、There a lot of sweets in the box. 2、Theresome milk in the glass.3、Ther

26、e some people under the the big tree. 4、There a picture and 4 maps on the wall. 5、There lots of flowers in our garden last year. 6、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 7、There four cups of coffee on the table. ( )8.There not milk in the cup on the table .原形、第三人叁單眼、 祗A今鉤.過去X,現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則:變

27、化規(guī)則一般情況直接加-ing以不發(fā)音的。結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e加-ing以觥閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且詞末 只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫 最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ing舉例gogoing jumpjumpingwrite-writing come_coiningrunrunning swi m-swimmin g第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則;變化規(guī)則舉例一般情況在動(dòng)詞詞尾加Tplayplays sing-sings以ch, sh, s, x結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-esteachteaches wash-washes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞， 先變y為i,再加flvflies study-studies過去式變化規(guī)則:舉例變化規(guī)則般在

28、詞尾直接加-edplayplayed clean-cleaned以不發(fā)音的c結(jié)尾直接加-dliveliveddance-danced以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，studystudied 先變y為i,再力口以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且詞末stopstopped只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫 最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加l *規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:1 . 一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed:play watch wash clean visit cook walk jump return learn climb ski row relax2 .結(jié)尾是e加比 如：taste-tasteddance- danced, prepare- prepar

29、ed 3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀 閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed,如： stop-stopped, tr ip- tr ipped 4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i,再加-eddodid, gowent, readread , sing- sang, eatate, taketook, have-had, buybought, seesaw, get-got, iswas, arewe re, leaveleft, swimswam, flyflew, comecame補(bǔ)充：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式（認(rèn)知 am/is- was swim- swam are- wer

30、e have- had read - read put-put write-wrotesee- sawsing- sangtake- tooksay saidget -gotcome- came buy- bought go- wentrun-ran make- fly- fie draw- winwon十、時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一）意義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情、動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)（-）構(gòu)成及變化：Be動(dòng)詞的變化俵1)肯定句否定句一般疑問句主語+be (am, is, are)+其它 如：He is my math teacher主語+ be + not +其它如 He is not my math

31、teacher.Be +主語+其它？如：Is he your math teacher?Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.特殊 疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Who is your math teacher?1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)俵2）行為動(dòng)詞的變化當(dāng)主語為第一、二人稱及發(fā)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do肯定句主語+動(dòng)詞原形（+其它）如：We often play football on the weekend.否定句一般疑 問句主語+ dorf t+動(dòng)詞原形（+其它）如：we dont play football on the weekend.Do +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?如：Do you of

32、ten play football on the weekend?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+以d。開頭的一般疑問句?如：What do you often do on the weekend?晨一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)俵3）行為動(dòng)詞的變化當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為does肯定句主語+動(dòng)詞三單形式（+其它）。 如：He lives in Beijing.否定句主語+ doesn，+動(dòng)詞原形（+其它）。 如：He doesnt live in Beijing.一股疑 問句Does +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：Does he live in Beijing ?Ye

33、s, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑 問句特殊疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句？ 如： Where does he live?1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（三）時(shí)間標(biāo)志：常與頻度副詞連用,如：always, usually, often, sometimes9 never.十、時(shí)態(tài)2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）意義：當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。（二）構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞（am, is ,are） +動(dòng)詞ing形式（三）時(shí)間標(biāo)志：now,句前一般有l(wèi)ook, listen等詞c肯定句否定句主語+ be +動(dòng)詞ing +其他. 如；Im reading a book.主語+ be + n

34、ot +動(dòng)詞ing +其他. 如：Im not reading a book.一般疑問句特殊疑問句十、時(shí)態(tài)3、一般將來時(shí)（一）意義：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的 狀態(tài)，也表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間經(jīng)?；蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句? 如：What are you doing?Be+主語+動(dòng)詞ing +其他？ 如： Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, Pm not.（二）構(gòu)成：be going t。+動(dòng)詞原形：表示打算、計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備做的 事或可能將要發(fā)生的事情。will+動(dòng)詞原形：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，沒有 太多的計(jì)劃性，還用來表示意愿。（三）時(shí)間標(biāo)志：常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用：tomorrow, soon, next week/ month/morning/ afternoon/ evening .be going to +動(dòng)詞原形3、一a般尋來時(shí)肯定句 主語+be(am /is/ are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形+將來時(shí)間 ：Im going to read a magazine this evening.否定句 主語+be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形+將來時(shí)間.I am not going to read a magazine this evening.一般疑