虛擬語(yǔ)氣解析以及練習(xí)題答案詳細(xì)解答

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣解析及練習(xí)與答案詳解虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用 1、狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（1）非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（if引導(dǎo)的條件句）說(shuō)明從句謂語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就買(mǎi)了它。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)的。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英語(yǔ)的話，她不

2、會(huì)找我?guī)兔Φ摹Ｅc過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had + 過(guò)去分詞would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過(guò)去分詞If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一點(diǎn)起床，就會(huì)趕上火車(chē)的。If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上學(xué)期你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你考試就會(huì)及格了。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were）/should + 動(dòng)詞原形/were to + 動(dòng)詞原形would/ should/ co

3、uld/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天氣好，我就去買(mǎi)東西。省略if 的用法有were, had, should等可省if，將were/had/should移至句首主句的形式分別與上述三種情況相同。Were I you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就買(mǎi)了它。Had you studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上學(xué)期你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你考試就會(huì)及格了。Had it not been for his

4、help, I wouldnt have succeeded.如果沒(méi)有他的幫助，我就不會(huì)成功。含蓄條件句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，有時(shí)并沒(méi)有明顯的表示條件的句子，而是通過(guò)句子的邏輯關(guān)系或一些詞、短語(yǔ)等暗示出來(lái)，如without, but for(要不是), otherwise(否則)But for the English test, I would have gone home this week.要不是英語(yǔ)測(cè)試，我這個(gè)禮拜就回家了。Without war in the world, people would live a more happy life.如果世界上沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，人們生活得會(huì)更幸福。He is

5、 ill. Otherwise he could come.他病了，否則他會(huì)來(lái)的。錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的條件句主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同。If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. （過(guò)去-現(xiàn)在）如果你聽(tīng)了我的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有這樣的麻煩了。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the movie last night.如果我是你，我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)昨晚那部電影了。(現(xiàn)在-過(guò)去)If they had left home early, t

6、hey would arrive in half an hour.要是他們離家早的話，半個(gè)小時(shí)就該到了。（過(guò)去將來(lái)）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago. （將來(lái)過(guò)去）如果莫妮卡今天到達(dá)的話，那她一定在三天前就動(dòng)身了。（2）方式狀語(yǔ)從句（as if/ though）說(shuō)明從句謂語(yǔ)例句特別提示與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)情況相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were）She loves the child as if he were her own.John pretends as if he didnt know the th

7、ing at all.從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句沒(méi)有關(guān)系。與過(guò)去情況相反Had +過(guò)去分詞He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before.（3）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句（even if /though）說(shuō)明從句謂語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)例句與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)情況相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were）Would/should+動(dòng)詞原形Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage.即使他們會(huì)失敗，他們也不會(huì)泄氣。與過(guò)去情況相反Had +過(guò)去分詞Would/should +have+過(guò)去分詞Even if it had

8、 been raining, we should have had a get-together.即使天下雨了，我們也應(yīng)聚聚的。(4)目的狀語(yǔ)從句（so that, in order that等引導(dǎo)）（了解內(nèi)容）從句謂語(yǔ)例句特別提示Can/could/may/might/would/should+動(dòng)詞原形We had a meeting so that we could know what to do next.我們開(kāi)了個(gè)會(huì)以便能了解接下來(lái)該做什么。We took a taxi in order that we could get there on time.為了按時(shí)到達(dá)那里，我們乘了輛出租車(chē)

9、。現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中常用陳述句語(yǔ)氣。2、名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣分類(lèi)說(shuō)明從句謂語(yǔ)例句主語(yǔ)從句在it is/was important/apity/necessary/suggested/required that 等句子中 (Should+)動(dòng)詞原形It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes i

10、n your math exercise. 太遺憾了，你居然在數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)中犯了那么多錯(cuò)誤 賓語(yǔ)從句主句謂語(yǔ)是would rather/sooner/prefer等與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)情況相反過(guò)去式I would rather you came this weekend.我寧愿你這個(gè)周末來(lái)。與過(guò)去情況相反Had+過(guò)去分詞I would rather he had visited us yesterday.我寧愿他昨天來(lái)看過(guò)我們。主句謂語(yǔ)是wish與現(xiàn)在情況相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were）I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到頭都是春天該多好?。?I

11、wish I could help you. 但愿我能幫助你。 與過(guò)去情況相反Had+過(guò)去分詞She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在這里就好了。 與將來(lái)情況相反would/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后會(huì)更小心一些才好。在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等表示建議、要求、決定或命令的動(dòng)詞

12、 （should+）動(dòng)詞原形We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again. 我們提出把那臺(tái)機(jī)器再清洗一次。 The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我們?cè)谔炝燎半x開(kāi)村莊。 The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 學(xué)生們要求老師們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)晚會(huì)上唱一支歌。 I insist she go there with

13、her mother. 我堅(jiān)持要她同她母親到那兒去。注意 insist作“力言”、“強(qiáng)調(diào)”解時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 邁克力言他從未偷過(guò)東西。表語(yǔ)從句主句主語(yǔ)為表示命令、建議、要求等的名詞，如suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal等（should+）動(dòng)詞原形My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village. 我的建議是在村莊周?chē)喾N些樹(shù)

14、。 Their proposal is that we (should) set up a spare time school for them. 他們的提議是要我們?yōu)樗麄兂闪⒁凰鶚I(yè)余學(xué)校。 His idea is that we (should) discuss the report. 他的意見(jiàn)是我們應(yīng)討論一下這個(gè)報(bào)告。 同位語(yǔ)從句表示建議、命令、希望、要求等的名詞如suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan（should+）動(dòng)詞原形We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing

15、 for sightseeing. 我們都同意他的意見(jiàn)，去北京觀光。 What do you think of the idea that we (should) begin the second experiment at once? 你認(rèn)為我們立即開(kāi)始第二次實(shí)驗(yàn)的意見(jiàn)怎么樣？ 3、其他情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣分類(lèi)從句謂語(yǔ) 例句It is (high/about) time that過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略）It is time we went to bed. Its about time you began your work.If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句與現(xiàn)在情況相反過(guò)

16、去式（be用were）If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)就好了。與過(guò)去情況相反Had+過(guò)去分詞If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了就好了。與將來(lái)情況相反would/ should/could/ might/ + 動(dòng)詞原形If only problems would come one at a time!要是問(wèn)題一次只發(fā)生一個(gè)該多好！表示祝愿的句子May或may+動(dòng)詞原形May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 May the frien

17、dship between us last long. 祝愿我們的友情天長(zhǎng)地久。 練習(xí)題及答案解釋The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 解析：這個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)省略if，把助動(dòng)詞提前到主語(yǔ)they之前的虛擬條件句，該條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中by t

18、he time they were finished 表明主句也應(yīng)該是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè)，因而應(yīng)該選（B）would have lost為正確答案。2. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 解析：這道題目是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。條件句省略了if，把助詞had提前到主語(yǔ)前面，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中now表明了對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)選would(shoul

19、d, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有（D）是正確表達(dá)形式，故為正確答案。3. If you Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldnt contact B. didnt contact C. werent to contact D. hadnt contacted 解析：until recently，因此（D）是正確答案，而主句是隱含的對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，該句是一個(gè)混合虛擬條件句。4. the English examina

20、tion I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 解析：假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句表示，而是隱含在一個(gè)由介詞如but for、but that、without, 由連詞but、副詞otherwise 、比較級(jí)、形容詞、獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上由于英語(yǔ)考試而沒(méi)有去成，即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)考試，我本可以去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，所以應(yīng)選（B）But for為正確答案。5. Look at the terrible situa

21、tion I am in! If only I your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 解析：題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實(shí)的情況，而第二句話中所要表達(dá)的是應(yīng)該做但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做的事，這種情況導(dǎo)致第一句話中真實(shí)情況的發(fā)生，故If only條件句假設(shè)的是過(guò)去一種情況，因此應(yīng)該用had +過(guò)去分詞，所以正確答案是（C）。6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud nois

22、e. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 解析：句意為：“要是有一聲巨響，這些動(dòng)物會(huì)受到驚嚇，這是有現(xiàn)實(shí)可能性的?！眘hould there be表示虛擬條件句中將來(lái)時(shí)間的謂語(yǔ)形式, if省略,所以should與there倒裝。因此B. should there be 就是本題答案 。7、When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people all power in their homes, streets, and factori

23、es for several minutes in honour of this great man.A. turn offB. turned offC. would turn offD. had turned off解析： propose是欲望動(dòng)詞,后接的賓語(yǔ)從句或主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。選擇（A）. turn off 8、I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offendB. had offended C. should have offendedD. mig

24、ht have offended解析：B. had offended 。本題測(cè)試交錯(cuò)時(shí)間的虛擬條件句。was 暗示，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以虛擬條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的虛擬形式。9、The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printed C. must be printedD. should be printed解析： D. should be printed 。因?yàn)閡rgent是欲望形容詞,在句中作形式賓語(yǔ)it的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),所以賓語(yǔ)從句中

25、的謂語(yǔ)需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:(should)+動(dòng)詞原形(主動(dòng)態(tài)或被動(dòng)態(tài))。10、 The board deemed it urgent that these files right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed 解析：it是形式賓語(yǔ)，urgent是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的賓語(yǔ)從句，該從句的內(nèi)容被認(rèn)為是urgent（急迫的），這樣從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即should（可以省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。因此，本題正確答案是（D）。11

26、、 Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed 解析：（C）在表示要求、愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等含義的名詞同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即s

27、hould(可以省略)+動(dòng)詞原形。12、I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 解析：（D）本道題目的前半句話是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生，而事實(shí)上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的真實(shí)原因是句子的后半部分由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實(shí)。因而but所引導(dǎo)的句子中應(yīng)該用表示志過(guò)去事實(shí)相符合的表陳述的時(shí)態(tài)，即一般過(guò)去時(shí)。13

28、. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended 解析：（B）此題要求在if從句中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式，以主句中的動(dòng)詞apologize(抱歉)來(lái)看，if從句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是過(guò)去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因?yàn)椋ˋ）是現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（C）中should+have+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)有做的事，在此不合題意。（D）選項(xiàng)中的might+have+過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情很

29、不肯定的猜測(cè)，它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實(shí)，所以藉此道歉真是不知從何說(shuō)起，因此此處也不合題意。（B）had offended表示當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作。這是復(fù)雜條件句：apologize 是現(xiàn)在，而條件句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去假設(shè)的條件句。14. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed there by now. A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：該句也是一個(gè)復(fù)雜條件句（或稱(chēng)作混合虛擬條件句）。條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上卻與此相反，所

30、以正確答案應(yīng)該是（A）。15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：if引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示同時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況，動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）或would(could等)+動(dòng)詞原形，本句話中指的是當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，所以要用過(guò)去式，故（A）是正確答案。16. If the Watergate Incident Nixon

31、would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling 解析：（B）had not occurred表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，條件句中要用過(guò)去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形的過(guò)去分詞。17. I hadnt expected James to apologize but I had hoped . A. him calling me B. that he would cal

32、l me C. him to call me D. that he call me 解析：（B）had hoped是常見(jiàn)的要求其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型,虛擬語(yǔ)氣would+動(dòng)詞原形。18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings . A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 解析：表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，

33、主句動(dòng)詞形式為would(should, could, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞，條件句為過(guò)去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主語(yǔ)前面。（B），（D）的表達(dá)不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，所以（C）是正確答案。19. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any co

34、mpositions for his 解析：（A）suggest后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，其形式為should（可以省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。20. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 解析：（A）表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬。21. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success. A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 解析：Aas though引導(dǎo)的

35、與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。22. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 解析：Dfelt是過(guò)去式，所以該句是由as though引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。23. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift 解析：Das if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。24. He describ

36、ed the town as if he it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees 解析：Aas if引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。25. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt do 解析：（D）would rather后接從句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式為過(guò)去式，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的假設(shè)，或?yàn)檫^(guò)去完成式表示

37、對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的假設(shè)。26. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting. A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have 解析：（C）who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生，所以主句中表示的虛擬是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的行為，所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。27. With

38、out electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology . A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 解析：（C）這是一人含蓄虛擬條件句，通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)without,表示潛在的一種假設(shè)，而主句中的情況也早已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種假設(shè)，因此用would not have been achieved這一形式。28. He told her t

39、o return the book in time so that others a chance to read it . A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have 解析：（D）連so that引導(dǎo)的從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種假設(shè)，形式為might+動(dòng)詞原形。29. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 解析：（B）It is

40、time that是一種要求從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)句型。虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。30. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 解析：（C）otherwise用來(lái)表示一種含蓄的虛擬假設(shè)，因?yàn)槭菍?duì)過(guò)去(yesterday)的情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)該用would have come形式。31. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldnt be surprised if he

41、acting for a living one day. A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up 解析：（B）所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)表示對(duì)未來(lái)的情況的虛擬的形式should+動(dòng)詞原形，或是were to do，因此可以斷定if引導(dǎo)的條件句在這里最真實(shí)的條件句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故（B）是正確答案。32. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. w

42、ould have told 解析：（A）這是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子，if條件句表示的是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在（now）的情況的假設(shè)，故用would tell形式。33. Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt 解析：Bwould rather引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣其謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式。34. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B. ought t

43、o have received C. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received 解析：C注意單詞otherwise引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。35. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. ( 1995年6月四級(jí)第46題)A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned 解析：本題是與過(guò)去時(shí)相反的虛擬句，從句中用過(guò)去完成式，主句中用would have

44、done。本句相當(dāng)于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。答案是（A） would have telephoned。36. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四級(jí)第44題)A. has to get B. had got C. were

45、 to get D. could have got解析：本句的意思是：“瓊不想馬上就工作，她認(rèn)為要是找了工作，就不能經(jīng)常探訪她的朋友了”。這說(shuō)明，瓊目前沒(méi)有工作。句中假設(shè)的情況在近期內(nèi)并不會(huì)存在。該條件句應(yīng)當(dāng)用表示將來(lái)情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用should或were to引出。因此C. were to get 是本題答案。選項(xiàng)A. has to get是陳述語(yǔ)氣的現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用于虛擬條件句中。選項(xiàng)B. had got是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的過(guò)去時(shí)，不能表示將來(lái)時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D. could have got不能用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句中。37. Look at the terrible situation

46、 I am in! if only I _ your advice.(1993年6月四級(jí)第70題)A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed解析：if only 引出感嘆句，意思是“要是多好”，表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望，希望發(fā)生（事實(shí)上不可能發(fā)生）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況。本句的全句意思是：“看我現(xiàn)在的處境多糟糕！要是我聽(tīng)從你的勸告多好”。事實(shí)上，句中的“我”沒(méi)有聽(tīng)從勸告，所以處境很糟糕。題中空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，答案是B。38 .That tree looked as if it _ for a long time.a.has

47、n't watered b.had not been watered c.didn't water d.wasn't watered 解析：本題測(cè)試as if 從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，as if 從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容完全與實(shí)際情況相反或純粹是一種假設(shè)時(shí)，通常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。39. I'd rather you _ anything about it for the time being.a. don't do b.did c.didn't do d.would do解析：would rather 表示愿望，后接從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用過(guò)去時(shí)。40. Loo

48、k at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advicea.follow b.would follow c.had followed d.have followed解析：本題測(cè)試if only 引起的感嘆句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if only 引起的感嘆句，相當(dāng)于“how I wish +賓語(yǔ)從句”。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句形式相同。41. We are all for your proposal that discussion _.(1998年6月四級(jí)第68題)a. be put off b. was put off c. s

49、hould put off d. is to put off解析：全句意思是：我們都贊成你的建議，把討論推遲。答案是A。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用在It's (high) time 之后的定語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。42. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _ ?(1995年6月四級(jí)第43題)A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left解析：“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)十六點(diǎn)

50、鐘了，難道你不認(rèn)為該回家了嗎？”句中的“it's about time ”引起虛擬。因此答案是C。43. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.(1998年1月四級(jí)第38題)a. injureb. injured c. had injured. would injure解析：“這個(gè)瘋子被關(guān)進(jìn)墻上裝有襯墊的病房，以免傷了他自己。”在lest 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，(should )+ 動(dòng)詞原形。答案是a。44. Christie stared angrily at her boss a

51、nd turned away, as though out of the office.A. wentB. goneC. to goD. would go解析：答案為：C. to go 。 as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),從句中可省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ),如：1) She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. (省略she wanted)2) From time to time Jason turned round as though searching for someone. (省略he were

52、)3) The boy started, as if awakened from some dream. (省略he were)由此可見(jiàn),本題中省略she wanted。45. I'd rather you by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. would goB. should goC. wentD. had gone解析：“我寧愿你乘火車(chē)去，因?yàn)槲覠o(wú)法想像在如此惡劣的天氣你呆在飛機(jī)里?！敝髡Z(yǔ)+would rather后接賓語(yǔ)從句,

53、從句中謂語(yǔ)須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示希望現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為或狀態(tài),用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示希望過(guò)去實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為或狀態(tài)。本題中原因狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),暗示希望現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的行為動(dòng)作,故選答案為 C. went。46. for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not beenB. Were it notC. Be it notD. Should it not be解析：“要不是老百姓的及時(shí)投資，我們的公司不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣興旺。”本

54、題測(cè)試交錯(cuò)時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句是表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的虛擬條件，if省略，主語(yǔ)it與助動(dòng)詞had倒裝。虛擬條件句也可寫(xiě)成這樣：If it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public。這是重點(diǎn)句型，在各類(lèi)測(cè)試中常考。答案： A. Had it not been47. A safety analysis the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.A. would identify B. will identify C. would have identifiedD. will have identi