高一春05UnitFour不定式與動(dòng)名詞

1、Unit Four Body LanguagePresentation 1 Word Show1. contact (vt.) 與聯(lián)系I shall contact you by telephone on Friday. 我會(huì)在周五用電話和您聯(lián)系的。(n.) 1)聯(lián)系，聯(lián)絡(luò)be in contact with與聯(lián)系 stay in contact with 保持聯(lián)系be out of / lose contact with 失去聯(lián)系 get/come into contact with 與聯(lián)系make/have/avoid contact with 與有/避免聯(lián)系2)接觸This diseas

2、e is spread by contact between the animals. 這種疾病在動(dòng)物間通過接觸傳播。拓展詞匯：contact lens 隱形眼鏡2. block 1）n. 街區(qū) e. g. The supermarket is only two blocks away.2）v. 妨礙，阻塞 e. g. We cant go on any further because the snow has blocked the road.3. pull in/ into 1）(把車船) 開往Well pull into this lay-by and stop a few moment

3、s for a drink of coffee. 我們將把車開到路邊停車帶，并停一會(huì)，喝杯咖啡。2）火車開進(jìn)站As the train pulled in there was a rush to get seats. 當(dāng)火車開進(jìn)站，人們都蜂擁?yè)屪弧３？疾斓挠嘘P(guān)pull的詞組拓展（完形填空高頻考察詞組）：(1) pull away 駛離 e. g. He jumped onto the train just as it was pulling away.(2) pull down 拆除 e. g. Many houses have been pulled down. (3) pull over

4、 靠邊停靠 e. g. The policeman signaled him to pull over. (4) pull through 渡過難關(guān) e. g. The doctor was not quite sure whether the patient could pull through tonight.4. lean vi. (1) lean forward 前傾 e. g. He leaned forward, lowering his voice. (2) lean against 倚靠 e. g. The man leaned against the wall and sta

5、red at me. (3) lean over 傾向 e. g. She leaned over and whispered to her neighbour. (4) lean on 依賴 e. g. He leaned on me for help. vt. lean . on . .使傾斜 e. g. He leaned the ladder on the wall and began to climb up.以上均是完形填空高頻考察詞組5. reach v. 抵達(dá)，達(dá)成，聯(lián)系，伸出去（拿或夠東西） e. g. We will reach Shanghai at 4 p. m. We

6、had hoped to reach an agreement at last meeting, but. . . Here is my phone number in case you want to reach me. Can you reach that book on the top of the shelf?常用詞組：1）reach for 伸手去拿 e. g. The little boy reached for the apple on the shelf.2）reach out 伸出 e. g. I reached out my hand to touch the deer o

7、n the head.6. back v.（使）后退；（使推出），引證，證明 e. g. As he backed away, Leonardo checked him. He backed his car up ten feet and then make the turn.At the meeting John backed his argument with facts.7. communicate v.(1) communicate with 溝通 e. g. The worldwide system enables us to communicate instantly with a

8、nyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks.(2) communicate. . to 傳達(dá) e. g. When the failure of the treaty was communicated to the White House, Secretary of State said the President would have no comment to make tonight. 詞形變化：communicative adj. 健談的，通訊的 communication

9、 n. 傳達(dá)，信息，交通，通訊8. signal (l)n.信號(hào) e. g. Even an express train can be held up by signals. (2)v. 給出信號(hào) e. g. The policeman signaled the driver to make a left turn.9. arouse (vt.) 1)叫醒We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我們把他從熟睡中叫醒。2)引起arouse interest/ expectationYou arouse my curiosity. 你引起了我的好奇。3)喚醒We m

10、ust arouse them to fight for their own rights. 我們必須喚醒他們?yōu)榱俗约旱臋?quán)利而戰(zhàn)。10. shift (l)vt.替換，轉(zhuǎn)移，改變 e. g. You must shift your weight from the right to the left while you hit the ball.(2)vi.轉(zhuǎn)換，移動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)變 e. g. He shifted impatiently in his seat.(3)n.轉(zhuǎn)換，輪班 e. g. Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night shift.

11、11. exchange(l)v.交換，調(diào)換，兌換，交流，交易 exchange sth. with sb.與某人交換某物 exchange A for B 用A換B e. g. May I exchange seats with you? Now one dollar exchange for 7. 78 RMB. (2)n.交換，交易 e. g. He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake. He went to work in a Stock Exchange after graduation.12. reaction n.反應(yīng)，反作用 e. g

12、. Her reaction was unlike that of other mothers who just lost their children. I am curious about her reaction to the accident. 原形動(dòng)詞：react v.對(duì)做出反應(yīng) e. g. John wondered how film critics and the general public would react to his films.13. display （1）n. 陳列，展出 e. g. There was also a great deal of machiner

13、y on display. There was a firework display in the evening. (2) v. 展出 e. g. It is one of the most popular treasures displayed in the Shanghai Museum.14.content(n.) （1）容納的東西，書的目錄（一般用contents形式）Show me the contents of your suitcase. 讓我看一下你手提箱內(nèi)裝了些什么。table of contents (書的) 目錄（2）作品的內(nèi)容（和形式相對(duì)）I like the sty

14、le of the book but I dont like the content. 我喜歡這本書的風(fēng)格，但我并不喜歡它的內(nèi)容。(adj.) 滿意I am not content with beautiful dreams: I want beautiful realities. 我并不滿足于美麗的夢(mèng)想，我想要的是美麗的現(xiàn)實(shí)。15. clue (n.) 線索We now have a clue to the time at which the murder took place. 關(guān)于謀殺案發(fā)生的時(shí)間我們現(xiàn)在有了一點(diǎn)線索。注意：cue表“暗示”。The fall in interest ra

15、tes may be a cue for an upturn in consumer spending. 利率的下降可能暗示消費(fèi)的上升。16. as to 關(guān)于，說到As to the journey, we must decide about that later. 關(guān)于這趟旅行，我們必須稍后做出決定。注意：as for 和as to用法相似As for being shy, youll get over that. 關(guān)于你的害羞，你會(huì)克服的。17.posture (n.) (1) 姿態(tài)Shes got very good/ bad posture. 她姿態(tài)優(yōu)美 / 她姿態(tài)不佳。(2) 態(tài)度

16、，立場(chǎng)The governments posture on this new trade agreement seems very unhelpful.政府對(duì)這個(gè)新的貿(mào)易協(xié)定持有的態(tài)度看來幫不了什么忙。18. appear (v.) (1) 出現(xiàn)If I dont appear by 7 oclock, I wont be coming at all. 如果我7點(diǎn)鐘還不到，我就不會(huì)來了。(2) 似乎，好像There appeared to be only one room. 似乎只有一個(gè)房間。（appear跟不定式）He appeared quite well. 他看上去很健康。（appear

17、跟形容詞）It appears to be a true story. 這個(gè)故事看上去是個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。（appear跟名詞）It appears that the plane did not land at Rome. 看上去飛機(jī)沒有在羅馬著陸。（appear后跟that從句，一般用it做主語(yǔ)）詞性變化：appearance (n.) (1) 出現(xiàn)My appearance at the party was not very welcome. 在聚會(huì)上我的出現(xiàn)不受歡迎。(2) 外貌She was a young woman of good appearance. 她是個(gè)擁有嬌容的年輕女子。19

18、. All做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法All做主語(yǔ)指整體的概念，表示“一切事務(wù)”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指“所有的人”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。All has been tried. 一切都嘗試過了。All are here now. 所有人現(xiàn)在都在這兒。20. honour (honor: 美語(yǔ)) (1)vt. 尊敬，給與榮譽(yù) e. g. He was honoured by the local government. (2)n.尊敬，敬意，榮譽(yù)，光榮 e. g. She took little notice of the honours that were given to her. 詞性變化：honourab

19、le adj. 可敬的，榮譽(yù)的，光榮的常用詞組：in honour of 紀(jì)念，以的名義 e. g. A large number of students will be attending a farewell dinner in honour of the teacher next Wednesday. Presentation 2 Phrase Show后退Back off（完形）引起注意Arouse ones attention（翻譯）交換眼色Exchange looks with（翻譯）基于(be) based on（翻譯）受歡迎Go done well（翻譯）導(dǎo)致Lead to（完

20、形，翻譯）缺乏Lack of（完形，翻譯）低聲In a low voice（完形，翻譯）最糟糕的是To mention the worst（翻譯，寫作）清除障礙(be) clear of obstacles（翻譯）繼續(xù)前行Go ahead明確指出Put ones finger on（翻譯，寫作）某方面的專家An expert at/in/on（翻譯，寫作）Presentation 3 Text ShowEye contactLunch was now over, and I offered to drive James back to his hotel. He said he had wal

21、ked over to my place but politely accepted the lift. We drove the few blocks back to his hotel and pulled into the driveway. I got out, went quickly to his side of the car, opened the door, and started to lean forward with one hand reaching out. Then my eyes met his. Not a word was spoken, but the m

22、essage I got was clear, “Dont you dare try to help me out of this car!”I backed off. James got out and then gave me a big smile-his way of saying, “No harm done. All is well.”If we pay enough attention, well see our audience is often communicating with us without words. It is important to read these

23、 silent signals in ones eyes. If you introduce a subject that causes much movement in the audience, you know that you have aroused their attention. They are shifting in their seats or exchanging looks with their neighbours. The reaction from your audience should be your guide. When you continue your

24、 talk, you know that to drop, what to revise and what to add, all based on your reading of the eyes of the audience.If youve told a joke or story that hasnt gone down well, the audience may be telling you that they want to hear or what they dont want to hear. Such information can and should lead to

25、some change in the content, humour and style of what you still have to say.The most obvious display of an audiences silent communication is their lack of attention. Yawning, programme studying, chatting in very low voices or dozing, to mention the worst, are warnings. Through eye contact you will be

26、 the first to know if you have lost them. An immediate change of attitude is called for. No speaker is ever honoured for going down with the ship.Silent clues, however, may also communicate good news. Smiling, leaning forward, watching attentively-all tell you that the track is clear of obstacles; t

27、he signals are green-so go ahead.Additional Reading:Understanding body languageHave you ever met someone and found that you instantly liked them? You just couldnt put your finger on it as to why. Deep down inside yourself they gave you a strange feeling. Im not going to call myself a body language e

28、xpert, but I think I can hive you my advice on how to read the most complicated language of all: body language.YOUR MOVES SELL YOU OUT. So for starters, think about yourself. Have you ever stopped for a moment to watch the way that you move your body? Well, believe it or not, the people you are talk

29、ing to are watching your every move. They watch your eyes, your facial expressions, the way you hold your posture. In fact, the way you move can tell a lot about what kind of person you are or what kind of person you appear to be.WHAT CAN BODY LANGUAGE TELL? In most Western countries, making eye con

30、tact with anyone you talk to is very important. If you dont make eye contact, you might be judged as dishonest or even rude. Then theres posture. If your actions are very confident, you will appear to be confident to others. And, the rate that you speak can also tell others something. If you talk to

31、o fast, youre nervous, while too slow probably indicates that you are unsure of yourself, and that maybe you are shy.IM CONFUSED WITH “SPACE” IN CHINA. As a traveler, I have been confused time and time again with every place I visit. This is mainly because I misunderstood the body language of the pe

32、ople. In China, I have had many issues with the concept of “space.” As an American I need “personal space.” So, the first time I came to Shanghai I was constantly apologizing to strangers who I bumped into on the streets or even on the bus, but they just looked at me as if I were strange. Understand

33、ing body language is difficult, but its important to become aware of it, and I make an effort to understand it. So my advice, watch your own actions, for they can send a message to someone that you may not even know! And when in doubt, smile!Presentation 4 Review Grammar-不定式與動(dòng)名詞分類 功能動(dòng)名詞不定式作主語(yǔ)(1)置于句首

34、(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ),常用于下列句式: Its +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing Its+形容詞+doing There is no + doing (1)置于句首(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ),常用于下列句式: It+be+名詞+to do It takes sb + some time +to do It+be+形容詞+for sb +to do It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式作主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作,常與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起

35、;而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng) 作,經(jīng)常不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起.如: Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),可以用名詞或代詞屬格形式作邏輯主語(yǔ).如: Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 作賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ):admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish等. 動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：instead of, what about等 不

36、定式作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ):agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose等 形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng) 詞+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+to do句式： find/make/feelit to do sth.作賓語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng) 動(dòng)詞接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),意義不變:begin, hate, need, require等. 一般用不定式的情況: hate, would like/love advise, allow, encourage等后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),或帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),意義差別較大：forget, try, regret 等作表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞表示抽象的一般行為. 動(dòng)

37、名詞作表語(yǔ),與主語(yǔ)部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換 不定式表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作; 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí),其含義一是條件,一是結(jié)果當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim, duty, hope等為中心詞,或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句,不定式說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容. 作定語(yǔ)說明一種性能、作用： a reading room不定式在句中作定語(yǔ),置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后：sth. to eat作狀語(yǔ) 作目的狀語(yǔ) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 作獨(dú)立成分,用于句首,句中或句末動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)名詞和不定式的含義比較 forget/remember+doing 忘記/記得做過某事 forget/remember+to do忘記/記得去做某事Remember to close

38、the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味著 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事 try doing 試著做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics problem in

39、another way. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)) stop doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. cant help doing 禁不住 cant help (to) do不能幫助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I cant help to

40、 make up the room for you. go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事 go on doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事,指同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù) He went on to talk about world situation.他接著又談了世界形勢(shì). Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world. regret doing 后悔做了某事regret to do 遺憾（要）做某事We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to att

41、end the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. Focus Practice1. The policeman rushed into the room only _ an old lady lying on the ground.A. found B. find C. finding D. to find2. To do a bit for the motherland, _.A. working hard is necessaryB. to learn a foreign language is needed

42、C. it is important to master scienceD. one should serve the people whole-heartedly3. I am busy now, so I cant help _ the machine.A. repair B. to have repaired C. repairing D. fixing4. He likes _, but he doesnt like _ today because it is too cold.A. to swim; to swim B. swimming; swimmingC. to swim; s

43、wimming D. swimming; to swim5. The novel is said _ into many languages.A. to translate B. being translatedC. to have been translated D. having been translated6. Im examining the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A. correcting B. to correct C. corrected D. correct7. They

44、would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to goC. for risk to go D. risk going8. He spent as much time as he could _ the child.A. teaching B. to teach C. teach D. for teaching9. Both the police and the family set out _ for the _ boy.A. searching; losing B. searching; lo

45、stC. to search; lost D. to search; missed10. What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowedC. having not been allowed D. his being not allowed11. I regret _ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A. informing B. hav

46、ing informedC. to have been informed D. to inform12. He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone _.A. noticing B. noticed C. to notice D. being noticed13. He spoke in such a high voice _ out in the street.A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear14. Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to _ a mistake.A. make B. be making C. having made D. have made15. -Heres a new pair of shoes for you.-Thank you, b