現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PPT課件 (2)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：主語主語+have / has +過去分詞過去分詞否定句構(gòu)成：否定句構(gòu)成：主語主語+have / has +not +過去分詞過去分詞疑問句構(gòu)成：疑問句構(gòu)成： Have / Has +主語主語+過去分詞？過去分詞？1.Has she ever visited New York?2.Have you ever lived in Garden Hotel?肯定回答肯定回答: Yes, she has.否定回答否定回答: No, she hasnt.肯定回答肯定回答: Yes, I have.否定回答否定回答: No, I havent.1.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了100

2、0個(gè)英語單詞了個(gè)英語單詞了.否定句否定句疑問句疑問句肯定回答肯定回答否定回答否定回答I have learnt 1000 English words.I havent learnt 1000 English words.Have you learnt 1000 English words ?Yes, I have.No, I havent.將下列句子改為否定句，一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答。 1.They have arrived in Shanghai. 2.I have just seen the film twice. 3.She has ever visited the USA. 4.

3、I have already finished my homework 將下列句子改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 1. I visit my grandparents on Sundays .-2. She climbs the Great Wall .- 3. They worked in Beijing last year.- 4. I am seeing a film now 1. The bus is late. Weve been waiting_20 minutes. 2. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many year

4、s. 3. Mike has been ill_a long time. He has been in hospital _October. 4.She _ (be) ill for three days. 5.My father bought a book for me. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it. 6. Wheres Li Ming? He _(go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _(become) a

5、 large city. 8. I _(work) here since I _(move) here in 1999. 9. So far I - (make) quite a few friends here. 10. How long _the Wangs_(stay) here ? For two weeks.11. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday. 12. Jill has been in Ireland_three days. 13. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days. 14. Margaret is in

6、 her office. She has been there_7 oclock.11.She _just _(wash) the coat, hasnt she?12.She_ (not read) this book before.13._ you ever _ (travel) on a train before?14.-_ Wei Hua _ (come) yet?-Yes.She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now.15.-How long _you _(learn) English? - For more than two years. 1

7、6.It _ (be) two months since he_(leave) his hometown. 17.They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China.1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。造成的影響或結(jié)果。(漢語中常用漢語中常用“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”、“過過”、“了了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語連用。例如：等狀語連用。

8、例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my math book. 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有用于其他所有人稱。人稱。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變化與過去式相同，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分

9、詞變化與過去式相同，不規(guī)則變化則須單獨(dú)記憶。不規(guī)則變化則須單獨(dú)記憶。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 如如for、since 等引等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。（導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。（注意：句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞注意：句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for: +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three years 過去的某一時(shí)刻過去的某一時(shí)刻, si

10、nce nine since last week 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都表示一段時(shí)間所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都表示一段時(shí)間.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.對(duì)劃線部分提問都用對(duì)劃線部分提問都用How longSince have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地曾經(jīng)到過某地”，說話時(shí)此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。說話時(shí)此人不在那里，

11、已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地已經(jīng)去某地了了”，說話時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正，說話時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里。不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒）（人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了。他已經(jīng)去北京了。 （人已走，不在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。 1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作，和現(xiàn)在

12、不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的情況情況。 2）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具體的時(shí)等具體的時(shí)間狀語。間狀語。 共同的時(shí)間狀語有：共同的時(shí)間狀語有：

13、this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不確定的時(shí)間狀語。等不確定的時(shí)間狀語。 I saw this film yesterday. （只說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。）（只說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned f

14、rom Paris. （她已從巴黎回來了。）（她已從巴黎回來了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來的。）（她是昨天回來的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。) 注意：注意：句子中如有一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如句子中如有一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用

15、過去時(shí)。例如：）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。例如： （錯(cuò)）（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能和表瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如可說示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如可說“He has left.”但但不能說不能說“He has left for three years.” 如果要表達(dá)如果要表達(dá)“他已走了三年了他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：可用以下幾

16、種表達(dá)法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般過去時(shí)。使用一般過去時(shí)。 He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間since 一般過去時(shí)從句一般過去時(shí)從句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“ 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間have/ has passed + since + 一一般過去時(shí)從句般過去時(shí)從句”Three years have passed since he left here.以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動(dòng)詞。以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動(dòng)詞。 另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部

17、另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動(dòng)詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延分瞬間動(dòng)詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞或者表狀態(tài)的續(xù)的動(dòng)詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞形容詞或副詞名詞形容詞或副詞介詞短語等。介詞短語等。1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a coldkeepbe2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞名詞 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a stud

18、ent3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語介詞短語 go to school join the army.我們買這本書三年了我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three yea

19、rs ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句be in schoolbe in the army自從上星期以來自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書我就借了這本書. I have kept the book since last week.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years a

20、go. Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.小明參軍半年了。小明參軍半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我們上了我們上了8年學(xué)了。年學(xué)了。We have been students for eight years.下課下課10分鐘了分鐘了 The class has been over for ten minu

21、tes.9.電影開始了一小時(shí)了電影開始了一小時(shí)了 The film has been on for an hour.一看時(shí)間狀語一看時(shí)間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時(shí)間。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時(shí)間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果有，則只能用一的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果有，則只能用一般過去時(shí)。如：般過去時(shí)。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有無疑問詞。二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；但；但進(jìn)

22、一步詢問何時(shí)、何地、何原因、用什么方式做進(jìn)一步詢問何時(shí)、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時(shí)（句首有疑問詞）就要用那事時(shí)（句首有疑問詞）就要用一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)。如：。如：Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have it? At seven thirty.三看句中謂語動(dòng)詞是否為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞三看句中謂語動(dòng)詞是否為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果表示的動(dòng)作或。如果表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并使用現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用一般過去時(shí)。如：完成時(shí)；如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用

23、一般過去時(shí)。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意：注意： 這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要具體情況具體分析。如：具體情況具體分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?( )1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. haven

24、t you B. have you C. do you D. dont you( ) 2. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch( )3. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live( )4. His grandma _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BCBD( )5. Where is Han Mei now? She _