初中英語閱讀理解解題技巧

1、中考閱讀理解題選材，一般遵循三個原則:1.文章不少于三篇，閱讀量在1,000單詞左右；2.題材廣泛，包括科普、社會、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面內(nèi)容；3.體裁多樣，包闊記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。中考閱讀理解主要考查6種能力：1.掌握所讀材料主旨和大意的能力此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數(shù)針對段落(或短文)的主題，主題思想，標(biāo)題或目的，其主要提問方式是：1) Which is the best title of the passage?2) Which of the follow ing is this passage about?3) In this passage the writer tries

2、to tell us that_.4) The passage tells us that_ .5) This passage mainly talks about_ .2.把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力此類考查事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的題目大多數(shù)是針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)的，其主要提問方式是：1) Which of the following is right?2) Which of the follow ing is not men ti on ed?3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?4) Choose the right order of

3、this passage.5) From this passage we know_.3. 根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準(zhǔn)確含義。其主要提問方式是：1) The word “” in the passage probably means_ .2) The underlined word“ It ” in the passage refers to_ .3) In this story the underlined word“” means_ .4) Here “ it ” means_ .4. 對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對文章各

4、段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。此類題目主要考查的是句與句之間，短語之間的邏輯關(guān)系，其主要提問方式是：1) Many visitors come to the writer s city to_.2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may_ .3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because_ .4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna stati on?5

5、. 依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是：1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a_ .2) We can infer from the text that_.3) From the letterswe ve learned that it s very _ to know something about Americansocial customs.4) From the story we can guess_ .5) What wo

6、uld be happy if ?6. 推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。此類題目的主要提問方式是：1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?2) The writer writes this text to_ .3) The writer believes that_.4) The writer suggests that_ .三.題目類型類題：可以直接從原文中找到答案的題目A類題是拿分題。丟分原因：1)憑印象做題，準(zhǔn)確率低。2）時(shí)間把握最容易出問題：忘記內(nèi)容的時(shí)候往往會回到文章中去找答案，一篇文章往往要讀好幾遍。A 類題解題技巧：看清題目所問的內(nèi)容之

7、后，要在原文中劃出原句，并標(biāo)上題號。這樣做的目的：1）做到萬無一失，保證把該拿到的分?jǐn)?shù)拿到手。2）減少閱讀文章的次數(shù)，爭取寶貴的時(shí)間。 類題：不能夠從原文中直接找到答案的題需要經(jīng)過分析、判斷、推理之后才能解答的題。該類題是失分題，往往是出題老師用來拉開學(xué)生梯度和層次的題。B類題包括：文章主題和中心大意等，一般都是主旨題。B 類題解題技巧：1、以原文為依據(jù)，不參雜個人意見，要客觀不要主觀。要克服“我認(rèn)為怎么樣”的觀點(diǎn)。2、 答案是比出來的。答案不選對的，只選最好的。因?yàn)?，有時(shí)候四個答案都是對的。所以，當(dāng)看到第一答案是正確的時(shí)候，也要看后面的答案。遇到 這種情況，往往有學(xué)生鉆牛角尖。老師給學(xué)生解釋

8、的時(shí)候，也可以這樣說：你的答案沒錯，但是另一個 答案更好，更全面。答案不選對的，只選最好的。比答案的原則是：好的不知道的；不知道的不對的。3、 注意絕對化的詞。如果答案選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)絕對化的詞，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every等等，除非文章當(dāng)中使用了該類詞匯，否則，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出現(xiàn)了這樣一個句子：Almost everyo ne likes the music.答題時(shí)，要你判斷如下這個句子正誤（True or False） :Every one likes the music. -該句子應(yīng)該是錯誤的。4、 答案要避免以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏蓋全。尤其是多個選項(xiàng)

9、都有道理，難以挑選正確答案的時(shí)候，要注意選擇最符合題目要求的一個。5、 “傻瓜”原則。文章中沒有提到的就當(dāng)不知道，不要妄自猜測，自作聰明，一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。四、五點(diǎn)注意注意一：試題各小題所提供的四個備選項(xiàng)，有的是語法、結(jié)構(gòu)上有錯誤，有的是與短文意思不相符。解題時(shí)要把 有結(jié)構(gòu)、語法錯誤的先排除，再考慮是否符合短文內(nèi)容。注意二：對短文中的生詞或看不懂的句子，應(yīng)大膽根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法及上、下文意思進(jìn)行猜測，尤其對涉及文中某個詞 或某個句子含義的選擇試題，要根據(jù)文章所闡述的主要內(nèi)容及上、下文內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，大膽分析推斷，去偽存真選出 正確答案。注意三：對于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意圖及短文標(biāo)題等選擇試題，雖然

10、短文中沒有直接說明，可統(tǒng)觀全文， 通過短文所提供的材料或聯(lián)想短文材料以外的常識，如結(jié)合已學(xué)過的自然、社會科學(xué)知識加以綜合理解、分析推測或 按作者的思路進(jìn)行推理，從而推斷出正確答案。注意四：做選擇試題時(shí)一般先做在文中能直接找到依據(jù)的細(xì)節(jié)題，后做主旨題、推理題。這樣在對語篇有更多領(lǐng) 悟的基礎(chǔ)上再進(jìn)行推理判斷和概括總結(jié)，把握性就更大。注意五：閱讀的順序一般是先讀短文，再看題目，然后逐題作答。若文章較長，也可以先將測試題目通覽一遍， 然后帶著問題閱讀文章。這樣對與答題有關(guān)的段落、句子反應(yīng)敏感，而對其他與答題無關(guān)的部分可以不必花費(fèi)太多時(shí) 間，閱讀速度就可加快些。例：如何猜測閱讀理解題中的生詞詞義一、根據(jù)

11、定義或解釋猜測詞義A bag is useful and the word“bag”is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases（短語）.One is“ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as“to tell a secret”.Now whe n some one lets out （泄漏）a secret, he“l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag.John“l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag”means heA. makes every o

12、ne know a secretB. the woma n bout a catC. buys a cat in the bagD. sells the cat in the bag、根據(jù)情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the policesee a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask

13、 the police how to get to a place in tow n. The police canalways tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.In the text, “put an end to”means “_A. stopB. cutC. killD. fly三、根據(jù)并列或同位關(guān)系猜測詞義There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up un der the gro un d.

14、 It is on a largeisland in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.What does the word“steam”mean in Chinese?A.自來水B.大氣C.冰川D.蒸汽四、根據(jù)背景和常識判斷The following morning when I went to see how my captive （caged） bird was doing, I discovered it onthe floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly s

15、urprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care ofmy little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist,who happened to be visiting my father at the time,heari ng me crying over the death of my bird, expla ined what had happe ned.“A mother mock in gbird, findingher young in a cage, will som

16、etimes bring it poison berries（毒莓）.She thinks it better for her young todie tha n to live in captivity.”An orn ithologist is probably a pers on who_.A. studies birdsB. loves creaturesC. majors in habitsD. takes care of trees【知識小結(jié)】（先由學(xué)生獨(dú)立小結(jié)，老師最后書面小結(jié)） 閱讀理解口訣：閱讀分精泛，快慢相間；預(yù)想在先，生詞不看;抓住觀點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)三看；行云流水，字里行間; 材

17、料觀點(diǎn)，銘記心間；牢記問題，抓住關(guān)鍵; 回問查看，比較選項(xiàng)；選擇答案，排除在先; 先易后難，不可弄反；調(diào)整節(jié)奏，計(jì)時(shí)答完; 表達(dá)方式，必須牢記；防止遺忘，勤于動筆; 邊答邊查，防止題落；節(jié)省時(shí)間，避免遺憾?！咀鳂I(yè)】One day a tiger （老虎）caught a fox （狐貍）in the forest（森林）.Before the tiger could eat him up, the fox cried out,You cant eat me. Dont you know that rm king （王）of the forest. If you eat me up,all th

18、e other ani mals in the forest will be angry with you. The tiger did nt believe him. How can such a small animal be king of theforest? He asked himself. If you dont believe me, the fox said. then take a walk with me in the forest. You can see for yourselfwhether （是否）they are afraid of me. Thetiger t

19、hought it was a good idea, so they stared together. The fox walked in front and the tiger went behind. When the other animalssaw the tiger coming, they ran away as fast as they could.See for yourself, Mr Tiger, he called out quickly. All the animals are afraid of me.Yes, yes, the tiger said. You are quite right. He then let the fox go.提高閱讀理解的應(yīng)試技巧：閱讀理解不僅要求學(xué)生能讀懂材料本身，而且要求讀者能抓住文章的主旨大意和思想傾向，有時(shí)還要求推理判斷出文 章未直接說明的內(nèi)容。（A.dog（front of）1、One day a tiger caught aB.pig C.cat D.fox）（A.fox（B.2、The fox walked _B.in the middle ofC.behind）3、In fact （事實(shí)上）the otheranimalsB.tiger C.dog D.elephant4、When the other a