2012年高考試題：英語(北京卷)——含答案及解析

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2012年高考已經(jīng)結(jié)束，中小學(xué)教育網(wǎng)網(wǎng)校就今年高考試題與網(wǎng)校課程、試題進(jìn)行了一些分析和對(duì)比。對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)：網(wǎng)校課程及講義與今年高考的考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)有著大量的契合，大部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)都是以結(jié)合近年的高考真題的形式做了專題講解與復(fù)習(xí)?？梢赃@樣說，只要學(xué)過網(wǎng)校高考精品班的同學(xué)，對(duì)考題中90%的題目都不會(huì)覺得陌生，其中個(gè)別題目，老師還著重講過甚至反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)過。下面是關(guān)于2012年高考英語試卷全國(guó)卷的與網(wǎng)校課程相似度的對(duì)比，供大家參考。一、題型、題量及分值比例分布基本涵蓋了考試說明所要求的所有知識(shí)點(diǎn)，難度比約為：5：3：2。單項(xiàng)選擇完形填空閱讀理解作文15題15分20題30分15題30分2題3

2、5分二、總體特點(diǎn)、重視基礎(chǔ)，緊扣教材和考試說明。絕大多數(shù)的題目都非常注重對(duì)基本知識(shí)、方法、思想等的考查。2、理論與實(shí)際生活相結(jié)合。尤其是閱讀理解、作文等都與同學(xué)們?nèi)粘Ｉ盥?lián)系緊密。3、作文相對(duì)來說較為容易，為常規(guī)練習(xí)內(nèi)容。三、真題詳解及講義相似度對(duì)比2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷）本試卷共16頁，共150分，考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選

3、出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽一遍。例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaperB. A magazineC. A book答案是A。1. Who answered the phone？A. MikeB. HenryC. Tom2. Whats the womans favourite food?A. Italian.B. Chinese.C. Indian3. When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?A. 5:18am.B

4、.6:10amC.8:50am4. What is the woman looking for?A. ZooB. TelephoneC. Tennis court5. What will the weather be like at the weekend?A. Cloudy.B. Snowy.C. Sunny第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）聽下面4段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6

5、. Where are the two speakers?A. In the hotelB In a shopC. In a restaurant7. How much did the man pay in the end?A. $115.B. $130C. $140聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8. What did the man do last weekend?A. Watched TV.B. Stayed at home.C. Visited a friend9. What will the woman probably do this weekend?A. Play tennis.B

6、. Do some shoppingC. Go to a dance聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10. Where are the new houses?A. On the main road.B. Close to a bus station. C. Near the sports center.11. What does the woman like most about the new houses?A. The garden.B. The space.C. The quietness12. How does the man feel about the womans sugges

7、tion?A. Delighted.B. Disappointed.C. Uninterested.聽第9段材料，回答第13至15題。13. What cant the students do without a teacher?A. Hold parties.B. Complete the Safety Sheet.C. Use any emergency equipment.14. Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?A. It may catch fireB. It may cover th

8、eir eyes.C. It may pass chemicals to their faces.15. What is the speech mainly about?A. Laboratory regulations.B. Safety instructions.C. After-class activities.第三節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面的一段對(duì)話，完成第16至20五道小題，每小題近填寫一個(gè)詞，聽對(duì)話前，你將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，這段對(duì)話你將聽兩遍。Telephone Cancellation Request FormAcco

9、unt NameEdward 16 Telephone No. 17 Home Phone PlanNonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid planReason for Cancellation 19 houseCancellation Date Required 20 9, by 5:00 pm【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座1、2、寒假訓(xùn)班中均有涉及。第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題：每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：

10、Its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。21.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/

11、英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中小學(xué)教育網(wǎng)高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座1/動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to c

12、orrect D. correcting【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。25. George said that he would come to school to

13、see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有

14、涉及。27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.A. some B. less C. much D. more【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有

15、涉及。29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. develope

16、d【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could h

17、ave faced D. must have faced【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had

18、 been【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Inspiration“Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first tim

19、e that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I

20、received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排練) on my first day. I never actual

21、ly _44_ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to _4

22、7_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail (細(xì)節(jié)) and stress on practice that set us _49_. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” What

23、 I thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a _55_ that has ins

24、pired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word37.A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently39.A.

25、director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking42. A. lacksB. addsC. makesD. brings43. A. while B. since C. until D. when44.A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided45.A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished

26、46.A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures47.A. put B. mix C. build D. pick 48.A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation49.A. apart B. aside C. off D. back50.A. over B. by C. with D. beyond51.A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage52.A. boundaries B. problems C. barr

27、iers D. efforts53.A. necessary B. perfect C. properD. possible54.A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility55.A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThe

28、 Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代數(shù)) and beyond.The lessons

29、in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指數(shù)), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to othe

30、r branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance

31、to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understan

32、ding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educati

33、onal Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less

34、 scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, yo

35、u can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative abi

36、lity. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State

37、 University. D. He specializes in training teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。BPeanuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glanced around th

38、e room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed

39、back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that

40、 name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my tea

41、cher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (擲) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally los

42、t. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant th

43、at George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself hea

44、rtily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the

45、headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!60. What did the authors classmates think about his report?A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous.C. Boring. D. Puzzling.61. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with American history.B. He followed the

46、 advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teachers instruction.D. He was new at the school.62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _.A. annoyed B. ashamedC. ready D. eager63. In the end, the author turned things around _.A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with t

47、he help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmaster【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題在中有詳細(xì)講解，在高考精品班/強(qiáng)化提高班/英語/講座2、寒假特訓(xùn)班、百日沖刺班中均有涉及。CDecision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on ple

48、asure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.

49、”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed

50、by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eati

51、ng cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are al

52、so easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water

53、 task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions a

54、re risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall cons

55、equences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions66.The research has proved