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1、攻克英語專業(yè)八級改錯部分湛朝虎2013年3月1日英語專業(yè)八級考試改錯部分應(yīng)試的基本策略與技巧【基本策略】Major Five 以改為主,以增減為輔。其中,改與增減的比率大致是7:3;增減亦有增二減一,或者增一減二。 避實就虛。錯誤點往往出現(xiàn)在語法功能詞上,而不是實詞上。 重形式,輕內(nèi)容。文章中心思想不能隨意改動,錯誤點往往出現(xiàn)在一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)形式上。含混辨析。 解除含混。錯誤項與正確項之間往往具有某種表面相似性,需要根據(jù)上下文語境解除錯誤項,找出正確項。 改動避免傷元氣。對于確定的錯誤項,如果正確項有多種選擇,應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量少動干戈,保持原文味汁。Minor Five 前后呼應(yīng)。錯誤項可能在上下文語境

2、中有所暗示,正式改錯之前應(yīng)當(dāng)掃讀文章的大意及核心關(guān)鍵詞。 一個蘿卜一個坑。某一特定錯誤行中只允許出現(xiàn)一個錯誤。 拒斥無意識錯誤項??碱}中不會出現(xiàn)諸如拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點符號等錯誤,考試中不要糾結(jié)某處可能存在如此的低級錯誤。 畫線定錯誤。錯誤項只能出現(xiàn)在有畫線的行,在沒有畫線的行不要花大量的時間。 語言文化題材。改錯的文章一般選自語言、文化類題材,平時多涉獵此等文章,有一定的知識儲備能保證理解上不出差錯。【基本技巧】5Cs: Concord > Collocation > Construction > Connection> Co-occurrenceConcord(一致)

3、。即部分錯誤是語言形式上的不一致,需要根據(jù)其具體的類別更改。【1】代詞一致。在上下文語境中,代詞通常與其先行詞存在一定的距離,它們之間是否一致往往不在考生的意識范圍,具有極大的迷惑性。在比較復(fù)雜的關(guān)系從句中,關(guān)系代詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系一定要弄清楚。The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the Pacific. every

4、 language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say. 【2】時態(tài)一致。改錯短文的時態(tài)一般有一個基調(diào),且某個復(fù)雜復(fù)合句中一般也提供了某個動詞需用的時態(tài)框架,如果某個動詞所用的時態(tài)不是特殊原因所致,那么就會出現(xiàn)時態(tài)前后不一致的現(xiàn)象。We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early y

5、ears we went on unconsciously imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hoursThe English language will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinctions important. 【3】平行結(jié)構(gòu)一致。平行結(jié)構(gòu)一般由至少

6、二個以上類似的語法結(jié)構(gòu)并和而成,如果其中的某個與其它另外的結(jié)構(gòu)不一致,就會出現(xiàn)句法結(jié)構(gòu)不協(xié)調(diào)的現(xiàn)象。The way in which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses. Culture refers to the social heritage of a peoplethe learned

7、 patterns for thinking, feeling and act that characterize a population or society, including the expression of these patterns in material things. 【4】主謂一致。主語是某種特殊詞匯構(gòu)成的名詞短語時,后面的動詞一般有較為固定的形式與其保持一致。 neither of them have been damaged in any either before or during birth. Many a man and woman in this comm

8、unity find himself or herself in need. My worthy friend Sir Roger is the only one of those who are not only at peace within himself, but beloved and esteemed by all about him. Collocation(搭配)。即部分錯誤是詞匯與詞匯之間的固定搭配問題,這主要涉及要動介結(jié)構(gòu)、動副結(jié)構(gòu)、介名結(jié)構(gòu)等等。Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for week

9、s or even months after birth, If he did not care of his guests feelings he would simply get up out of his chair and announce his departure. These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but the temporary

10、decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe. 專八改錯中常用固定搭配1a host of 大量2a test for檢測目的3a test on對進(jìn)行測試4a test with檢測手段5above all 最重要的; 6according to根據(jù)7achieve equilibrium取得平衡8achieve ones purpose達(dá)到目的9achieve success 獲得成功10achieve victory獲得勝利11act on 遵照行動,作用于; 12act on對有影響13add up to 總

11、計,合計14add to 把加到. 15adhere to 堅持,奉行; 16after all 畢竟,均不合題意; 17agree on對取得一致意見18agree to同意19agree with sb.同意某人的話20along with 和一道,和一起; 21alternate (with)交替;22amount to 合計,共計; 23an equal to與相當(dāng)?shù)娜?物,(地位)相同的人24and yet然而25anything but 一點也不; 26anything like像那樣的東西27anywhere near接近于28apart form除之外尚有29apply to

12、向申請,適用于30appreciation of對的欣賞/贊賞31argue against 反對32as a result of作為的結(jié)果,由于33as a result(作為結(jié)果,因此)表結(jié)果,用不用逗號隔開看情況而定; 34as a whole 作為一個整體,整個看來35as far as /are concerned就而言36as for至于,就方面說37as if好像,仿佛38as soon as一就 39as though好像,仿佛40as to 至于,關(guān)于; 41as well也,一樣42as yet迄今,到目前為止43aside from 除之外;44associate wit

13、h由聯(lián)想到,把聯(lián)系起來45association with與的交往46at a disadvantage處于不利地位47at a loss不知所措48at a time每次,一次49at all 絲毫,根本; 50at any moment即使,隨時。 51at first 首先,開始的時候; 52at large未被捕獲的,大多數(shù); 53at last 終于,最終; 54at least至少55at length 最終,詳細(xì)地; 56at most最多57at no time從不,決不58at one time曾經(jīng),從前曾59at the cost of以為代價60at the least

14、至少; 61at times有時,間或; 62atspeed以的速度63attend on 照顧,侍候;64attribute to 把歸于65back up 后退,支持;66base on 基于67be able to能夠,勝任68be about to正打算69be accustomed to習(xí)慣于70be associated with 與有關(guān),與有關(guān)系71be aware of 意識到; 72be capable of 有能力干; 73be caught 遇到,陷入74be committed to被交給,答應(yīng)承擔(dān)義務(wù);75be confined to 限制在,局限于; 76be co

15、nfined/be restricted受限制77be dedicated to 奉獻(xiàn),獻(xiàn)給; 78be devoted to 被用于,貢獻(xiàn)給79be directed to指向,針對80be drawn to 被所吸引; 81be due to由于,因此82be exposed to 暴露在下,處在的作用之下; 83be fond of 喜愛 84be full of 充滿他85be habitual to(him) 對(他來說)習(xí)以為常86be in order合適,恰當(dāng)。 87be involved in 參與,參加; 88be involved with 與有關(guān)連, 89be left

16、 to 由來決定,由來想辦法;90be limited to限制在,限定在; 91be linked to/with something 與連接92be proud of 為而驕傲。93be referred to被提及,被提交94be related to與有關(guān)95be sick of 厭惡,討厭; 96be subject to 經(jīng)受,遭受; 97be suitable for適合于98be sure of 對的肯定; 99be thrown in 額外贈送100be tied by/with被捆綁101be tied to 束縛于,捆綁于102be tired of 厭倦,厭煩; 103

17、behind time 晚點 104belief in對的真實性或正確性具有信心105believe( to be) 相信是106better than好于107beyond question毋庸置疑 108break away脫離,逃跑109break down 損壞,分解,瓦解110break into闖入111break in強行進(jìn)行,打斷112break off斷絕,結(jié)束113break out突發(fā),爆發(fā)114break through突破115break up終止,結(jié)束,打碎116bring about 產(chǎn)生; 117bring forward 提出。 118bring out 使出

18、現(xiàn);公布;出版; 119bring up 培養(yǎng),養(yǎng)大; 120by accident偶然,含有不幸的因素121by all means無論如何,必定122by chance偶然,意外地123by choice處于選擇124by contrast 對比之下; 125by means of 用,依靠; 借助于 126by means of借助于127by mistake錯誤地128by the way順便提一下129by virtue of 憑借,借助;因為, 130by way of經(jīng)由,通過方式131call forth喚起,引起132call for邀請,要求,需要133call off放棄

19、,取消134call on/upon訪問,拜訪135care for 照顧,關(guān)心136carry out貫徹,執(zhí)行,實現(xiàn)137cast light on闡明某事;138catch up with趕上; 139catch sight of 看見; 140center on 把集中在,以為中心;141characterized by 以為特征; 142coincide with 與相符143come from 來自,來源于; 144come off 成功; 145come on涉及,談及,到達(dá),結(jié)束,總共,共計,突然想起146come out出版,出現(xiàn),結(jié)局是147come to 等于,結(jié)果是;

20、總計,達(dá)到148come under attack受到打擊149come under歸人,受到150come up 發(fā)生,形成; 151comment on 評論,發(fā)表意見;152commit to交付,把投入153comply with 遵守,服從; 154conform to 遵守,符合,順應(yīng)155consist of組成156consistent in 在(某方面)一致157consistent with與一致158contribute to 有助于 ,促進(jìn),加劇; 159copy out 抄寫; 160correlate with找出一一對應(yīng)的關(guān)系161count on指望; 162c

21、ut away 砍掉; 163cut down 削減; 164cut off 打斷,中斷; 165cut out 刪掉; 166dedicate to 奉獻(xiàn); 167depend on依靠,依賴168die back 枯死; 169die down 逐漸消失;止息; 170die off 相繼死去; 171die out消失;死絕; 172difference in在方面的差別173do something for/to 改進(jìn),增強174doubt about懷疑175due to 由于,因為176dwell on 利用 177enter for 報名參加;178enter into 開始 (

22、談話,討論) 179entertain a proposal愿意考慮這一建設(shè)180entertain an idea抱著一種想法181even if甚至,即使182even though (雖然,盡管)表讓步; 183ever since(自從之后,從此以后)表時間;184faithful to忠心于185fall from 從落下; 186far from毫不,遠(yuǎn)非187favor of喜歡188figure out計算出189find out查明190focus on集中于,集中研究191followed by 接著是; 192for all 盡管; 193for example舉例來說1

23、94for instance 和 such as 都表示舉例,前者常接句子,后者常接名詞或名詞短語; 195for instance 例如196for the purpose of 為了目的; 197for the sake of為了起見198frankly speaking坦白來說199freedom from免于(的自由)200from all appearances從所能見到和所能知道的情況判斷201from all sides 從四面八方,全面地202from now on從現(xiàn)在開始203from/by all accounts根據(jù)方面所說204gather up拾起,集攏; 205g

24、enerally speaking一般來說206get along with進(jìn)展,相處融洽207get away逃脫,離開208get away逃脫,離開209get down to開始,著手210get in進(jìn)入,收獲,收集211give in妥協(xié),讓步,投降,屈服212give off放出,釋放213give out分發(fā),放出214give something away泄露215give up停止,放棄216give way讓路,讓步217go beyond 超越,超過; 218go by從旁走過,順訪219go for追求220go in進(jìn)入,參加221go through經(jīng)歷222ha

25、nd on傳下來,依次傳遞223hand out分發(fā),散發(fā)224hand over交出,移交225have a bearing on與有關(guān)系226have difficulty with與-有分歧,相處不好227hold back躊躇,退縮,阻止228hold down 控制229hold on to緊緊抓住,堅持230hold on繼續(xù),握住不放,堅持231hold out維持,伸出,提出,堅持232hold up 保持良好,停止;阻滯233hold up舉起,承載,阻擋234if only(要是,只要)表條件; 235in use 在使用; 236in degree在速度上237in a

26、sense (從某種意義上說)它可以放在句首、句中或者句尾,一般不用逗號隔開; 238in a state of 處于的狀態(tài)239in a way從某一點上看240in accord with與一致241in addition to 除之外,并且242in all 總共; 243in any case 無論如何,不管怎樣; 244in case of 萬一發(fā)生 245in case 假使,以防; 246in circles=in a circle在原地兜圈子,毫無進(jìn)展247in consequence 因此; 248in doubt 有懷疑249in effect (實質(zhì)上,實際上)它在句中一

27、般不需要用逗號隔開; 250in essence實質(zhì)上,本質(zhì)上,根本上251in fact實際上252in firm voice 用清晰,堅定的聲音。 253in general 總的來說,大體上; 254in general一般來說: 255in line with 與一致,符合;256in mind心里想著某人或某事;257in need of 需要258in no way決不259in ones opinion在某人看來260in ones terms用的話來說 in ones view根據(jù)觀點261in ones way/in the way妨礙,阻礙262in order to為了2

28、63in order 整齊,恰當(dāng)264in particular 尤其,特別;265in perspective 關(guān)系恰當(dāng)?shù)兀^察合理地; 266in point of 說到,關(guān)于267in question 對 表示 懷疑,有疑問 268in reference to 關(guān)于,就而論; 269in regard to關(guān)于270in relation to 關(guān)于,至于; 271in reply to 作為回答;272in response to 作為對的回答,作為對的反應(yīng); 273in return for 作為對的匯報/交換; 274in short 總之,簡言之; 275in spite o

29、f盡管; 276in terms of 用的話;從方面來說; 277in the analysis of 在對進(jìn)行分析時278in the bargain 此外,還279in the case of 至于,就來說;就而論 280in the company of 陪伴,伴隨 ; 281in the course of 在過程中,在期間282in the end最后283in the event of 萬一發(fā)生; 284in the form of以形狀,以形式;285in the light of鑒于,由于; 286in the process of 在的過程中; 287in time后來漸漸

30、,終于 ; 288in turn 依次地,反過來; 289in vain徒勞290in whole 整個地291infuse into注入292insist on堅持,一定要293instead of 代替294interest in對的興趣295irrespective of不顧的,不考慮的; 296isolate from 使與隔離;使孤立 ; 297it used to be 過去的情況是298join in 參加(某種活動); 299lay emphasis on 強調(diào); 300lay/put blame on責(zé)怪,歸咎于301lead off 開始; 302lead on 繼續(xù)引領(lǐng);

31、 303lead out 開始; 304lead to 導(dǎo)致; 305less than 不如,少于306link together聯(lián)系在一起307long before早在之前,很久以前 308look on旁觀,觀看309loyal to忠誠于310make a step 走一步 311make for 有助于,有利于; 312make ones way前進(jìn),行進(jìn)313make out 弄懂;辨認(rèn),開出(支票,藥方等) 314make sure 查明,弄確實; 315make towards朝走去 316make way開路,讓路317mean by 的意思,意味著318more than

32、比更,與其說不如說,不是而是319more than不僅,不止;多于320much as(雖然,盡管)表讓步; 321no less than和一樣,既又322no more than既不會也不會323not but 不是而是324now that(既然,由于)表原因;325object to 反對;326of course當(dāng)然327on a large scale大規(guī)模的(地)328on a national scale在全國范圍內(nèi)329on account of 由于; 330on average 按平均值,通常; 331on behalf of 代表,為了;332on campus在校園

33、333on occasion偶爾; 334on radio 用無線電,通過廣播; 335on the average 按平均值,通常;336on the basis of 根據(jù),在的基礎(chǔ)上337on the contrary相反338on the grounds of 以為理由339on the occasion of 在場合,值之際; 340on the other hand另一方面341on the radio 通過廣播,無線電廣播中; 342on the side 額外地,作為兼職; 343on the side of在 一邊 344on the whole 總的來看; 345on ti

34、me 準(zhǔn)時; 346one another 相互347one or other 不管哪一個348only if (只要,只有)表條件; 349other than 除了,不同于;350out of step不一致,不協(xié)調(diào)351out of the question 不可能的 352out of use 不使用 353owe to 把 歸功于 354pass out 分發(fā),分配;昏倒,死去;355pass off 中止,停止; 356pass on把傳遞給另外一個人; 357pass out 失去知覺,暈倒;358pay attention to 注意; 359pay by check用支票支付

35、360pay in cash 或 pay cash 付現(xiàn)金。 361pay off 贏利,取得好結(jié)果, 362persist in堅持363pick up 撿起,提高;364plan for 為訂計劃; 365point to指向; 366properly speaking正確(公正)地講367provided that(假若,倘如)表條件;368put together 加在一起; 369put up with 忍受; 370quite other完全不同的371rather than ( 寧愿)與其;是而不是372refer to ( as) 提到,把稱為;參考373reflect dis

36、credit on使喪失名譽374reflect on思考,反省,懷疑375rely on 依靠,指望;376removefrom把從去掉;撤職: 377responsible for 對負(fù)責(zé)。378result from由產(chǎn)生,因而造成:379result in導(dǎo)致380ripe for 為什么做好準(zhǔn)備。 381root out 發(fā)現(xiàn)382run a risk 意為“冒風(fēng)險” 383sacrifice something to為犧牲某事384secure sth. from attack使受攻擊385set about開始,著手386set aside掩飾出,留出387set back推遲,

37、延緩;阻礙388set down卸下,放下;記下389set forth闡明,陳述390set off 出發(fā),使爆炸391set out陳列,顯示,啟程392share with 與分享; 393shoot a film拍攝一個鏡頭394side with站在一邊,支持; 395similar to 與類似; 396since then從那時起397something like大約,有幾分像398sooner than 早于; 399speed up加速; 400stand for代表,意味著401step up增加,加速 在 方面不同。 402stick to 堅持,堅持干,遵循; 403s

38、timulated by 受的刺激(或激勵); 404stir up 激起,引起,挑起;405such as 比方說,例如; 406support for 對的支持407sure enough 果然,果然不出所料; 408take away 拿走,奪走;409take a step采取措施; 410take advantage of 利用。 411take away消耗,清除412take care of照管; 413take for 把看作,把誤以為;414take in接受,吸收,欺騙415take on呈現(xiàn),從事416take over接管417take to開始喜歡,開始從事,開始沉湎

39、于418take up with 開始于來往; 419take up 專用420thanks to由于,幸虧421the bulk of的主要部分,大多數(shù)422the formerthe latter(前者,后者) 423to extent在范圍,到程度424to caution against對予以警告425to center around以為中心426to some extent某種程度上,有一點427to such an extent that到了這樣的程度,以至428to the extent 到的程度429to the extent到的程度430to the extent到的程度43

40、1to turn something into 把轉(zhuǎn)換為432together with一起433transition to 向過渡,向轉(zhuǎn)變434turn away 轉(zhuǎn)來臉去 435turn over 把 翻過 436turn round 轉(zhuǎn)過身來 437turn to 求助于 438turn up意外地發(fā)生; 439what is more而且,再者440with regard to 關(guān)于,至于,就而論, 441with that 說罷。 442with the exception of 除外 443withspeed以的速度444work away一直在工作445work out解決,算出

41、,制定出446work up逐步建立,逐步發(fā)展; 447worse than壞于448write away不停地寫449write in 提出書面要求450write off 報廢;勾銷 451write on寫,記述452write out寫出,開出(藥方,支票) Construction(結(jié)構(gòu))。即錯誤極有可能是在特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)中,這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)一般是學(xué)生較為難以熟練掌握的,且英漢語之間存在較大的差異。It is + adj. + to do / that-clausenotuntilthe moment / no soonerthan/ hardlywhen / scarcelywhen su

42、chassothatmorethanasasthe morethe moreThere is no denying the fact thatWe think it necessary to do / that-clauselet alone thatHome is home, be it ever so homely. I would rather / sooner / just as soon that you performed the operation right away. There is no rule but has exceptions. Child as he is, h

43、e knows a lot. Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body. It being fine, we can go picnicking. This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.The secretary arranged for there to be another interview. He could not help firing when he saw

44、the enemy approaching. You may as well help me to get things straight.I cannot but yield to his power. Cohesion(銜接)。即錯誤可能存在于上下文句子之間的邏輯銜接,英語不同于漢語,句子之間的顯性邏輯關(guān)系比較形式化,往往都能找到確定的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞,需要對文章的主旨大意弄清楚,確保理解不發(fā)生邏輯錯誤。句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系往往涉及到轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、并列、條件、因果、遞進(jìn)、時間、目的、例舉、順序、總結(jié)等等。(見教材p.115-p.116)One is the fact that pronunciati

45、on is learnt naturally and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt deliberately. A rough and ready difference is that grammatical words have less meaning, but in fact some grammarians have called them empty words as opposed to Co-occurrence(共現(xiàn))。即錯誤可能是與某個記憶庫中的同根詞或是近義詞共現(xiàn),但彼此之間的意義有不同程度的區(qū)別,需要根據(jù)具體的上下文語境

46、去判斷正確的形式?!就~】(1)形-副The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation. (2)現(xiàn)在分詞-過去分詞But this rather misled way of expressing the distinction. (3)抽象概念-語境定位we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. (4)單-復(fù)The rest is fresh, but three quarter of th

47、is is in the form of the ice at the Poles and on mountain. (5)可數(shù)-不可數(shù) we certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them. (6)肯定-否定The position is simply and obviously that Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. (7)及物-不及物Only two passengers survived in the air-crash. 【

48、易混詞】affect-effectadapt-adopt-adeptprincipal-principleimplicit-explicitcostume-customextensive-intensivealtar-alterassent-accentproceed-precedepray-preycrash-crushcompliment-complementconfirm-conformdoze-doseemigrant-immigrantexceed-excellatitude-altitudeimmoral-immortalalone-lonelydrought-draughtassure-reassure-ensureexcept-exemptincident-accidentinspiration-aspirationpatent-potentialprotect-protestrevenge-avengeexpand-expendcommence-commercestrive-strideallusion-illus

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