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1、同學(xué)們同學(xué)們: 加油加油!一、什么是一、什么是“名詞名詞”及及名詞的分類名詞的分類 二、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則二、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則 三、不可數(shù)名詞三、不可數(shù)名詞 四、名詞所有格四、名詞所有格 五、練習(xí)五、練習(xí) 、典型例題分析、練習(xí)() ()() ( 4 )(1)(2)名詞名詞:表示一類事物名稱的詞。表示一類事物名稱的詞。 類別類別用法用法例詞例詞 普普通通名名詞詞可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞個(gè)體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體P e n , s t u d e n t , P e n , s t u d e n t , deskdesk集體名詞集體名詞表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合

2、體表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體School, family, School, family, classclass不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物Tea, water, paperTea, water, paper抽象名詞抽象名詞表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念等抽象概念Work, time, newsWork, time, news專專有有名名詞詞某個(gè)(些)人,地方,機(jī)構(gòu)等某個(gè)(些)人,地方,機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱專有的名稱Marx, Shanghai, Marx, Shanghai, china, The Great c

3、hina, The Great Wall, PartyWall, Party1.1.規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化2.2.不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化1 1、一般加、一般加-s,-s,如如:maps,cars:maps,cars 2 2、以、以s s , x x ,sh,sh, ch ch 結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-es-es; ; 如:如:dish-dishes dish-dishes 3 3、以輔音字母加、以輔音字母加y y結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的 , 先變先變y y為為i i , ,再加再加-es-es ; ; 如:如: baby-babiesbaby-babies ,family-families4 4、以、以f,fef,fe

4、結(jié)尾的名詞,通常要變結(jié)尾的名詞,通常要變f f 或或fefe為為v,v,再加再加-es-es; ; 如如: : leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;注注: : belief-beliefsbelief-beliefs(信心)(信心),roof-roofs,roof-roofs(屋頂)(屋頂) , , safe-safessafe-safes(保險(xiǎn)箱)(保險(xiǎn)箱), gulf-gulfs, gulf-gulfs(海灣)則直接加(海灣)則直接

5、加s s 5 5、以、以o o 結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí): a.a. 加加s s,如:,如: photo photo photos,piano photos,piano pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio radios,zoo radios,zoo zoos zoos; b.b. 加加eses,如:,如:potato potato potatoes potatoes,tomatotomatotomatoes,hero tomatoes,hero heroes( heroes(英雄英雄) ) 改變部分字母:改變

6、部分字母:woman-women婦女,婦女,man-men男男人,人,policeman-polimen警察警察child-children孩子,孩子,mouse-mice老鼠老鼠,foot-feet腳腳,tooth-teeth牙牙,單、復(fù)數(shù)同形:單、復(fù)數(shù)同形:yuan元元,people人、人民人、人民,Chinese中國人,中國人,Japanese日本日本人人,sheep綿羊綿羊,deer,fish,關(guān)于關(guān)于“國人國人”的復(fù)數(shù):的復(fù)數(shù):中、日友好:中、日友好:Chinese-Chinese中國人,中國人,Japanese-Japanese日本人日本人英、法聯(lián)邦:英、法聯(lián)邦:Englishma

7、n-Englishmen,英國男人英國男人Englishwoman-Englishwomen英國女人英國女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法國男人法國男人Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法國女人法國女人;澳、加(真)美澳、加(真)美:Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans 不可數(shù)名詞:(前面不能用不可數(shù)名詞:(前面不能用a,ana,an等來修飾)等來修飾)到目前為止我們所學(xué)的不可數(shù)名詞有:到目前為止我們所學(xué)的不可數(shù)名詞有:液體類液體類(water)(water):juice(juice(

8、果汁果汁) , tea) , tea(茶)(茶) , soup, soup(湯)(湯) ,milk,milk(牛奶)(牛奶) , , colacola(可樂)(可樂) ,coffee,coffee(咖啡)(咖啡) , ,肉類肉類(meat)(meat):beefbeef(牛肉)(牛肉),pork,pork(豬肉)(豬肉),mutton,mutton(羊肉)(羊肉)粉末類:粉末類:breadbread(面包)(面包) , ,抽象名詞類:抽象名詞類:newsnews(新聞,消息)(新聞,消息),information,information(消息)(消息),money,money(錢)(錢),ad

9、vice,advice(建意)(建意),friendship,friendship(友誼)(友誼) ,work,work(工作)(工作),homework,homework(家庭(家庭作業(yè))作業(yè)),housework,housework(家務(wù)活)(家務(wù)活),schoolwork,schoolwork(學(xué)業(yè))(學(xué)業(yè)),help,help(幫助)(幫助) ,fun ,fun (樂(樂趣)趣),health,health(健康)(健康),price ,price (價(jià)格)(價(jià)格) 食物類(食物類(food)food):broccolibroccoli(花椰菜)(花椰菜) , rice, rice(大

10、米,米飯)(大米,米飯) ,porridge,porridge(粥(粥) ,junk food) ,junk food(垃圾食品)(垃圾食品),chocolate,chocolate(巧克力)(巧克力) ,tofu,tofu(豆腐)(豆腐) 不可數(shù)名詞計(jì)量的表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞計(jì)量的表達(dá): :個(gè)數(shù)單位詞:個(gè)數(shù)單位詞:piece piece (張、片、塊、條)(張、片、塊、條), ,容器單位詞:容器單位詞:bottlebottle(瓶)(瓶),bag,bag(包)(包),box,box(盒、箱)(盒、箱), ,類別單位詞:類別單位詞:kind( kind( 種、類種、類) )度量衡單位詞:度量衡單位詞

11、:kilo(kilo(千克、公斤千克、公斤) ) 名詞所有格:名詞所有格:表示表示“(某人)的(某人)的”:一般在名詞后加一般在名詞后加s構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。如:如:Jimsmother吉姆的媽媽吉姆的媽媽Myteachersdesk我老我老師的桌子師的桌子thedogsname那狗的名字那狗的名字若以若以S結(jié)尾詞,則在結(jié)尾詞,則在S后加后加.如:如:theboys那些男孩的。那些男孩的。表示幾個(gè)人共同的東西,只在最后一個(gè)人后加。表示幾個(gè)人共同的東西,只在最后一個(gè)人后加。如:如:LucyandLilysmother。Lucy和和Lily的媽媽(兩人是姐妹)的媽媽(兩人是姐妹)表示幾個(gè)人都分別有的東西,

12、則每個(gè)都加。表示幾個(gè)人都分別有的東西,則每個(gè)都加。如:如:LucysandLilysmothers.Lucy的媽媽和的媽媽和Lily的媽媽(兩人不是姐妹)的媽媽(兩人不是姐妹)一般一般用用.of.結(jié)構(gòu)來表示無生命的名詞所有格:結(jié)構(gòu)來表示無生命的名詞所有格:如:如:thedooroftheroom房間的門房間的門amapofChina一一張中國地圖張中國地圖thephotosofmymysister我妹妹的照片我妹妹的照片雙重所有格雙重所有格,例:,例:a friend of my fathers,a classmate of mine 典型題例分析 例例1 1 下列幾組復(fù)數(shù)名詞中,每組都有一個(gè)

13、錯詞,請指出:下列幾組復(fù)數(shù)名詞中,每組都有一個(gè)錯詞,請指出:1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. breads4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves 6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths

14、例2 判斷下列文哪句譯正確: 多好的消息啊! A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !例3 單項(xiàng)選擇 What you need is moreWhat you need is more . Dont always do your . Dont always do your at your desk. at your desk.A.A. exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises

15、exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises 例4 單項(xiàng)選擇 All the All the teachers and teachers and students are having a party.students are having a party. A . women ; girls B . women ; girl A . women ; girls

16、 B . women ; girl C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girlC . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl 例5 改錯 My trousers are too long , but hers is too short .My trousers are too long , but hers is too short . 例6 用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空: I dont think mathsI dont think maths ( be ) easy . ( be ) easy . 例7 單項(xiàng)選擇: Mabel gave m

17、e Mabel gave me . . A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread 例8 改錯: Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ? Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ? 例9

18、單項(xiàng)選擇: mother is a worker . mother is a worker . A.A. Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes C. Marys aneC. Marys ane Mike D. Mary and Mike Mike D. Mary and Mike 例10 單項(xiàng)選擇: 1.After the exams , we shall have holiday . A. two months B. two-month C. a two month D. a two month

19、s 2.Mr Smith is . A.English B. Englishman C. Englishwoman D. Englishmen3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan ,but Guangzhou has become her second . A family B. home C. house D. country 4.Most English peoples family name comes A. first B. middle C. last D. together 5.There is a over the river . A. ship B. boa

20、t C . bridge D. village 例13 改錯 Youd better have walk after supper . 1The two girls are ( Japan ) .2. The ( baby ) are asleep .3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields . 6. September 10 is ( tea

21、cher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than math .8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?9. Whose ( knife )are these ?10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” . 單項(xiàng)選擇: 1. The boy dropped the and broke it .A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup2

22、. In time , those mountains will be covered with trees , too .A. few years B. a few years C. a few year D. a few years3. Granny is badly ill . We have to take her to the . A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital4. I have to tell you . A. a news B. many news C. a good piece of news D. many newses5

23、. are sold in that shop . A. Mens and childrens shoes B. Mens and childs shoesC. Mens and children shoes D. Man and child shoes6. If anyone comes to see me , ask him to leave a . A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice7. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers

24、 D. Mothers of Mary.8. If these trousers are too big , buy a smaller . A. piece B. kind C. copy D . pair9. Its my dog . A. sister Lilys B. sisters Lilys C. sister Lily D. sisters Lily10. She had beautiful black but I could see some white . A. hair ; hair B. hairs ;hairs C. hair ; hairs D. hairs;hair

25、名稱名稱 總稱總稱( (謂語用復(fù)數(shù)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)) )一個(gè)人一個(gè)人 兩個(gè)人兩個(gè)人 中國人中國人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亞人澳大利亞人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄國人俄國人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希臘人希臘人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法國人法國人the

26、 French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美國人美國人the Americans an American two Americans 印度人印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德國人德國人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英國人英國人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人瑞

27、典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes注意:與注意:與 man 和和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和和-women。 如:如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans 1. 1.名詞前的修飾詞:名詞前的修飾詞:放在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前的有:放在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前的有:many(many(許多)許多) , few, few(很少)(很少) , a , a fewfew(一些)(一些), ,放在不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前的有放在不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前的有: much(: much(許多)許多) , little , little (很少)(很少), a , a littlelittle(一些)(一些)( (可數(shù)、不可數(shù)前)都可放的詞有:可數(shù)、不可數(shù)前)都可放的詞有:a lot of ,lots of(a lot of ,lots of(許多)許多), , some some (一些)(一些) 2. 2.有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:如:goodsgoods貨物,貨物,waterswaters水域,水域,fishesfishes(各種)魚(各種)魚3.3.以以s s結(jié)尾,仍為

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