英語句子成分分析

1、句句 子子簡單句：僅有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫簡單句。簡單句：僅有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫簡單句。.主語謂語動(dòng)詞（主語謂語動(dòng)詞（vi.)My English improved a lot.2.主語謂語動(dòng)詞主語謂語動(dòng)詞(vt.)+賓語賓語They all like him.3.主語主語+謂語謂語(vt.)+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語My father gave me money.4.主語主語+謂語謂語(vt.)+賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語She named her baby John.5.主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語 He is an engineer. The shop stays o

2、pen till 9 oclock at night.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句:有一個(gè)有一個(gè)主句主句和若干個(gè)和若干個(gè)從句從句組成組成1.Thats exactly what I am planning to do.2.We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.從句不能單獨(dú)存在，必須依附于主語從句不能單獨(dú)存在，必須依附于主語。句子成分句子成分定義定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主語和謂語：主語和謂語次要成

3、分次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語補(bǔ)足語、同位語1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語定定語語賓賓語語同同位位語語狀狀語語主語（主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物句子說明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young

4、 should respect the old. What he has said is true. （名詞）（名詞） （代詞）（代詞） （數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（不定式） （動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞） （名詞化的形容詞（名詞化的形容詞） （句子）（句子）謂語謂語說明主語的說明主語的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征狀態(tài)和特征 簡單謂語簡單謂語:由由動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞或或動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞詞組組成組成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語 由由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞; He can speak

5、English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? （名詞（名詞 ）( 代詞）代詞）(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞化的形容詞名詞化的形容詞)(三三

6、)賓語賓語動(dòng)作的對象或承受者動(dòng)作的對象或承受者用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后（不定式）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子）（句子） 賓語分為賓語分為直接賓語直接賓語和和間接賓語間接賓語.直接賓語指直接賓語指物或事物或事,間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物. He gave me some books.間接間接賓語賓語直接直接賓語賓語please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表語（四）表語在在系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語后的部分就是表語常見的系動(dòng)詞有常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be(am,is,are,

7、were,was)狀態(tài)：狀態(tài)：seem, appear, prove -感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look變化：變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow持續(xù)：持續(xù)：remain, stay, keep, 在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.I dont feel at e

8、ase. （五）定語（五）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(形容詞形容詞)(名詞名詞)(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格名詞的所有格)(現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞過去分詞)定語后置：定語后置：如果定語是由如

9、果定語是由一個(gè)單詞一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置表示時(shí)，通常則后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?（六）狀語：（六）狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做

10、狀語。語。 狀語有如下狀語有如下10種：種： 1) How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間）（時(shí)間）2) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）（原因）3) I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件）（條件）4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)）（地點(diǎn)）5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式）（方式）6) She cam

11、e in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨）（伴隨）7)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的）（目的）8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果）（結(jié)果）9) She works very hard though she is old.（讓步）（讓步）10) I am taller than he is.（比較）（比較） I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? （六）賓語補(bǔ)足語（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的成分，使句子的意義完整。這類對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的成分，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 ： She asked me to lend her a hand.(七七)同位語同位語 位于名詞