詞性轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一形容詞變副詞規(guī)律小結(jié)    規(guī)則變化范圍變化規(guī)則例詞大部分形容詞加lycareless-carelesslyquiet-quietlydifferent-differently以le結(jié)尾的形容詞變le為lypossible-possiblyprobable-probablyterrible-terriblycomfortable-comfortablygentle-gentlysimple-simply以y結(jié)尾的形容詞變y為ilyeasy-easilyangry-angrilynoisy-noisilyhappy-happilyheav

2、y-heavilyhealthy-healthily不規(guī)則變化本身既是形容詞也是副詞，無需改變fast-fastearly-early high-highhard-hard late-latefar-far wide-widealone-alone形容詞和副詞為完全不同的單詞good-well唯一一個需要去掉字母e的單詞true-truly雖然以ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞，不能直接用來修飾動詞friendly livelylovely lonelylikely有些形容詞本身即為副詞，同時也有加ly的副詞形式。但加不加ly意思不一樣使用時需注意wide(形容詞，寬闊的，睜大的)wide(副詞，睜大地

3、)widely(副詞，廣泛地)late(形容詞，晚的)late(副詞，晚地)lately（最近）high(形容詞，高的)high(副詞，高地)highly(副詞，高度地)特別容易犯錯的副詞形容詞副詞備注hardhardhardly意思為“幾乎不”，與hard無任何關(guān)系二名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律1、規(guī)則變化1) 一般情況直接在詞尾加-s . 如：chairchairs；appleapples；grapegrapes； 2）以s、sh、ch、x等結(jié)尾的詞加es .如：busbuses；watchwatches；boxboxes；brushbrushes3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y 為i 再加es，b

4、abybabies；citycities；familyfamilies4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的將f或fe直接換成ves. 如：knifeknives；thiefthieves；shelfshelves2、不規(guī)則變化1）沒有規(guī)律的變化。如：childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；womanwomen等。2）單復(fù)同形。如：deerdeer；sheepsheep；fishfish；yuanyuan；tofutofu；porkpork等。3）以o結(jié)尾的名詞有的加es有的加s. 如：potatopotatoes；tomatotomatoes；Heroheroe

5、s二、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1）直接在動詞后+s. 如：likelikes；playplays；readreads；getgets；helphelps；skiskis等。2）以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的動詞：+es. 如：washwashes；wacthwatches；teachteaches；brushbrushes等。3）以輔音+o接尾的動詞：+es. 如：gogoes；dodoes等。4）以輔音+y接尾的動詞：變y為i+es. 如：flyflies；study studies；carrycarries；skyskies等。 末尾字母y前為元音字母的，直接在動詞后面加-s. 如

6、：playplays；saysays5）特殊變化。如：beis；havehas等。這些沒有規(guī)律，需要加強記憶。三、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成1）一般情況在動詞原形后加-ing . 如：gogoing；standstanding；climbclimbing等。2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e，再加-ing. 如：writewriting；hopehoping；carecaring3）以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞應(yīng)先將e去掉，將i變成y然后再加-ing. 如：diedying，tietying等。4）如果動詞最后一音節(jié)為重讀閉音節(jié)，最后一個字母需要重復(fù). 如：runrunning； stopstopp

7、ing；hophopping；planplanning；starstarring； 但輔音x是個例外，無需重復(fù)（x其實起著兩個輔音的作用）。如：taxtaxing，relaxrelaxing等。5）以-ee，-oe，-ye結(jié)尾的動詞加-ing時應(yīng)保留詞尾e. 如：seeseeing；hoehoeing；eyeeyeing6）-ic結(jié)尾的動詞應(yīng)先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing. 如： panicpanicking； picnicpicnicking三動詞變名詞小結(jié)1.在詞尾加er,r ,雙寫加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ wait

8、er , find _ finder, thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorer , dance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, travel _ travelerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在詞尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swi

9、m _ swimming， skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在詞尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration, pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decorationgraduate _ gradu

10、ation, frustrate - frustration, pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ organization, donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attracti

11、onimpress _ impression, inject _ injection, instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment, practice _ practice， die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight, sit _ seat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance, fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery，fail _ fa

12、ilure, appear _ appearance, breathe-breath四動詞變形容詞小結(jié)1.詞尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful, thank thankful, peace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful, succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.詞尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited, surprise - surprised,

13、organize - organized, close - closed, wound - wounded, relax - relaxed, develop - developed, appreciate - appreciated, frustrate - frustrated, interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used, frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled, pollute - polluted3.詞尾加ing:interest - interest

14、ing, surprise - surprising, excite exciting, develop - developing,frighten - frightening, thrill thrilling, frustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live living, rock - rocking, sleep sleeping4.詞尾變y為i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married, fry - fried, terrify terrified, satisfy - satisfied5.詞尾加abl

15、e:know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyable, suit suitable, adjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它：lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living, sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep, wake - awake, taste - tastyspeak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - educational, world - worldwide 五、人稱代詞的變化形式主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己復(fù)