英語(yǔ)單詞時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)則以及讀音規(guī)則

1、一、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則及發(fā)音規(guī)律1、大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“S”在清輔音后發(fā)音為s，在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z2、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，然后在加“es”讀iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries  3、以“s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加“es”，發(fā)音為iz 如： teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加

2、“es”，讀z 如： gogoes z dodoes z5、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開(kāi)音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是s，z時(shí)，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音， 與所加“s” 一起讀做iz。 如： closecloses iz二、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 _情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音例詞_一般情況加 -s 1.清輔音后讀/s/; map-maps2.濁輔音和元音后 bag-bags讀 /z/;car-cars_以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加 -es 讀 /iz/bus-buseswatch-watches_以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -s讀 /iz/license-licenses_以輔音字母+y 變y

3、為i結(jié)尾的詞 再加es 讀 /z/baby-babies_以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞多將-f或-fe變成-ves，但有例外，讀音變化：尾音f改度vz。例：life-lives leaf-leaves反例：roof-roofs_以O(shè)結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來(lái)詞或縮寫就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音:z。例：tomato-tomatoes       反例：piano-pianos（外來(lái)詞） photo-photos（縮寫詞）三、英語(yǔ)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則和發(fā)音規(guī)則和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表 1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式詞尾變化有幾種：1

4、一般情況下加ed，如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。2以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的加d，如liked, moved, tasted。3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加ed，如studystudied。4以1個(gè)元音字母加1個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加ed，如stopstopped。 2.過(guò)去式的發(fā)音是由單詞的最后一個(gè)音素來(lái)決定的:     1.如果該單詞以清輔音結(jié)尾,如/k/,/p/等,則讀作/t/,例如looked讀作/t/.   

5、0;  2.如果該單詞以濁輔音結(jié)尾,如/n/,/b/等,則讀作/d/,例如abandoned讀作/d/.      3.如果該單詞以字母t或字母d結(jié)尾,則讀作/id/,例如started讀作/id/.      4.如果該單詞以元音結(jié)尾,則讀作/d/,例如studied讀作/d/.3.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表Infinitive 不定式Past Tense 過(guò)去式Past Participle 過(guò)去分詞abideabode, abidedabode, abidedalightalighted, a

6、litalighted, alitarisearosearisenawakeawokeawoke, awakedbewas, werebeenbearboreborne, bornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomebefallbefellbefallenbegetbegotbegotten, begotbeginbeganbegunbeholdbeheldbeheldbendbentbentbereavebereaved, bereftbereaved, bereftbeseechbesought, beseechedbesought, beseechedbese

7、tbesetbesetbespeakbespokebespoken, bespokebespreadbespreadbespreadbestrewbestrewedbestrewed, bestrewnbestridebestrodebestridden, bestrid, bestrodebetbet, bettedbet, bettedbetakebetookbetakenbethinkbethoughtbethoughtbidbade, bidbidden, bidbidebode, bidedbidedbindboundboundbitebitbitten, bitbleedbledb

8、ledblendblended, blentblended, blentblessblessed, blestblessed, blestblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenbreedbredbredbringbroughtbroughtbroadcastbroadcast, broadcastedbroadcast, broadcastedbrowbeatbrowbeatbrowbeatenbuildbuiltbuiltburnburnt, burnedburnt, burnedburstburstburstbuyboughtboughtcancould-castcas

9、tcastcatchcaughtcaughtchidechid, chidedchid, chidden, chidedchoosechosechosencleavecleaved, cleft, clovecleaved, cleftcleaveclaveclovenclingclungclungclotheclothed, cladclothed, cladcomecamecomecostcostcostcreepcreptcreptcrowcrowed, crewcrowedcutcutcutdaredared, durstdareddealdealtdealtdigdugdugdisp

10、readdispreaddispreaddodiddonedrawdrewdrawndreamdreamed, dreamtdreamed, dreamtdrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedrivendwelldwelt, dwelleddwelt, dwelledeatateeatenfallfellfallenfeedfedfedfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundfleefledfledflingflungflungflyflewflownflyfledfledflyfliedfliedforbearforboreforb

11、orneforbidforbade, forbadforbiddenforecastforecast, forecastedforecast, forecastedfordofordidfordoneforegoforewentforegoneforeknowforeknewforeknownforerunforeranforerunforeseeforesawforeseenforeshowforeshowedforeshownforetellforetoldforetoldforgetforgotforgotten, forgotforgiveforgaveforgivenforsakef

12、orsookforsakenforswearforsworeforswornfreezefrozefrozengainsaygainsaidgainsaidgetgotgot, gottengildgilded, giltgildedgirdgirded, girtgirded, girtgivegavegivengowentgonegravegravedgraven, gravedgrindgroundgroundgrowgrewgrownhamstringhamstringed, hamstrunghamstringed, hamstrunghanghunghunghanghangedha

13、ngedhavehadhadhearheardheardheaveheaved, hoveheaved, hovehewhewedhewed, hewnhidehidhidden, hidhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurtinlayinlaidinlaidkeepkeptkeptkneelknelt, kneeledknelt, kneeledknitknitted, knitknitted, knitknowknewknownladeladedladed, ladenlaylaidlaidleadledledleanleaned, leantleaned, l

14、eantleapleapt, leapedleapt, leapedlearnlearnt, learnedlearnt, learnedleaveleftleftlendlentlentletletletlielaylainlieliedliedlightlitlitlightlightedlightedloselostlostmakemademademaymight-meanmeantmeantmeetmetmetmeltmeltedmelted, meltenmisdealmisdealtmisdealtmisgivemisgavemisgivenmislaymislaidmislaid

15、misleadmisledmisledmistakemistookmistakenmisunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstoodmowmowedmowed, mownmustmust-oughtought-outbidoutbade, outbidoutbidden, outbidoutbreedoutbredoutbredoutdooutdidoutdoneouteatoutateouteatenoutfightoutfoughtoutfoughtoutgooutwentoutgoneoutgrowoutgrewoutgrownoutlayoutlaidout

16、laidoutrideoutrodeoutriddenoutrunoutranoutrunoutselloutsoldoutsoldoutshineoutshoneoutshoneoutshootoutshotoutshotoutsitoutsatoutsatoutspendoutspentoutspentoutspreadoutspreadoutspreadoutthrowoutthrewoutthrownoutthrustoutthrustoutthrustoutwearoutworeoutwornoverbearoverboreoverborneoverbidoverbidoverbid

17、den, overbidoverblowoverblewoverblownoverbuildoverbuiltoverbuiltoverbuyoverboughtoverboughtovercastovercastovercastovercomeovercameovercomeoverdooverdidoverdoneoverdrawoverdrewoverdrawnoverdriveoverdroveoverdrivenovereatoverateovereatenoverfeedoverfedoverfedoverflyoverflewoverflownovergrowovergrewov

18、ergrownoverhangoverhungoverhungoverhearoverheardoverheardoverladeoverladedoverladed, overladenoverlayoverlaidoverlaidoverleapoverleapt, overleapedoverleapt, overleapedoverlieoverlayoverlainoverpayoverpaidoverpaidoverrideoverrodeoverriddenoverrunoverranoverrunoverseeoversawoverseenoverselloversoldove

19、rsoldoversetoversetoversetoversewoversewedoversewed, oversewnovershootovershotovershotoversleepoversleptoversleptoverspendoverspentoverspentoverspreadoverspreadoverspreadovertakeovertookovertakenoverthrowoverthrewoverthrownoverwindoverwoundoverwoundoverwriteoverwroteoverwrittenpartakepartookpartaken

20、paypaidpaidprecastprecastprecastprechooseprechoseprechosenproveprovedproved, provenputputputquitquitted, quitquitted, quitreadreadreadreavereaved, reftreaved, reftrebuildrebuiltrebuiltrecastrecastrecastreeverove, reevedrove, reevedrelayrelaidrelaidrendrentrentrepayrepaidrepaidresetresetresetretellre

21、toldretoldridrid, riddedrid, riddedrideroderiddenringrangrungriseroserisenriverivenriven, rivedrunranrunsawsawedsawn, sawedsaysaidsaidseesawseenseeksoughtsoughtsellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetsewsewedsewn, sewedshakeshookshakenshallshould-shaveshavedshaved, shavenshearshearedshorn, shearedshedsheds

22、hedshineshone, shinedshone, shinedshoeshod, shoedshod, shoedshootshotshotshowshowedshown, showedshredshredded, shredshredded, shredshrinkshrank, shrunkshrunk, shrunkenshriveshrove, shrivedshriven, shrivedshutshutshutsingsang, sungsungsinksank, sunksunk, sunkensitsatsatslayslewslainsleepsleptsleptsli

23、deslidslid, sliddenslingslungslungslinkslunkslunkslitslitslitsmellsmelt, smelledsmelt, smelledsmitesmotesmitten, smotesowsowedsown, sowedspeakspokespokenspeedsped, speededsped, speededspellspelt, spelledspelt, spelledspendspentspentspillspilt, spilledspilt, spilledspinspunspunspitspat, spitspat, spi

24、tsplitsplitsplitspoilspoilt, spoiledspoilt, spoiledspreadspreadspreadspringsprang, sprungsprungstandstoodstoodstavestaved, stovestaved, stovestealstolestolenstickstuckstuckstingstungstungstinkstank, stunkstunkstrewstrewedstrewn, strewedstridestrodestridden, stridstrikestruckstruck, strickenstringstr

25、ungstrungstrivestrove, strivedstriven, strivedswearsworeswornsweatsweat, sweatedsweat, sweatedsweepsweptsweptswellswelledswollen, swelledswimswamswumswingswungswungtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtteartoretorntelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrivethrove, thrivedthriven, thrivedthrowthrewthrownthrustthru

26、stthrusttreadtrodtrodden, trodunbendunbentunbentunbindunboundunboundunbuildunbuiltunbuiltunderbidunderbidunderbidden, underbidunderbuyunderboughtunderboughtundercutundercutundercutunderdounderdidunderdoneunderfeedunderfedunderfedundergounderwentundergoneunderlayunderlaidunderlaidunderletunderletunde

27、rletunderlieunderlayunderlainunderpayunderpaidunderpaidunderrununderranunderrunundersellundersoldundersoldundersetundersetundersetundershootundershotundershotunderstandunderstoodunderstoodundertakeundertookundertakenunderwriteunderwroteunderwrittenundoundidundoneundrawundrewundrawnunfreezeunfrozeunfrozenungirdungirded, ungirtungirded, ungirtunhangunhungunhungunknitunknitted, unknitunknitted, unk