高中英語寫作時寫作中高級詞匯和短語的使用

1、學科教師輔導教案 輔導科目：英語 年 級：高 中(高二/三） 學科教師： 課 時 數(shù)： 授課類型T C T寫作中高級詞匯和短語的使用教學目標1、了解高考寫作的特點和要求。2、掌握寫作中的高級詞匯和短語并學會使用。星級授課日期及時段教學內(nèi)容T-寫作中高級詞匯和短語的使用（建議2-5分鐘）Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had

2、 broken into my house.由此改寫引出寫作中高級詞匯和短語的使用的主題。（建議20-25分鐘） 寫作中高級詞匯和短語的使用用法分類詳解一、考點掃描 關于安徽高考英語寫作的評分標準第五檔(2125分)中有這樣一段話:"應用了較多的語法結構和詞匯;語法結構或詞匯方面有些許錯誤,但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯所致。"這就是說,學生僅運用基礎的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強的語言運用能力,即使表達無語法錯誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯誤,目的在有意識地使用復雜結構或較高級詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫作要求提到了這樣一個高度,有利于反映學生的水平層次

3、,有利于指導教學。因此要求考生在語言上做到準確和得體的同時，注重上、下文連貫和表達方式的多樣化。新的評分標準提倡考生使用高級詞匯和復雜句式，運用過渡性詞語增強文章的連貫性。因此，運用高級詞匯和復雜句式，運用過渡性詞語是寫作得高分的重要手段。二、用法詳解1、使用高級詞匯使用高級詞匯并不是用偏詞、難詞，而是一些運用得體的習慣表達方式。像access, available, annoyed, appealing, charming, cute, confused, contact, challenging, considerably, consequently, demanding, essenti

4、al, exceptional, fascinated, locate, participate, quit, significant, schedule, terrific, 等單詞，均可視作高級詞匯。1）用短語代替單詞典型例題 I have made up my mind to study English better this term. (同義詞：decide)典型例題 I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary. (同義詞：dont know)典型例題 A burning cigarette end resulted in/led to t

5、he big fire. (同義詞：cause)典型例題 Since my childhood I have been fond of music. (同義詞：like)典型例題 We will take the matter into account(consideration). (同義詞：consider)2）善用小詞在寫作中巧用、活用某些小詞，常常會起到畫龍點睛、四兩撥千斤的作用。典型例題2005 saw the successful launch of Shenzhou VI in China.（動詞see）典型例題At the news of his death I was sho

6、cked. (名詞詞組at the news of)典型例題No one can enter the office without permission. 典型例題They returned home, safe and sound. (形容詞做狀語)3）巧用習語（idiom）英語中有大量習語，如果運用得當，則可大大增加文章的感染力,在平時的學習過程中不斷積累。典型例題What she explained doesn't hold water. 她的解釋站不住腳。典型例題Many families struggle to make ends meet. 很多家庭只能勉強維持生計。典型例

7、題I dont know why she is always in low spirits. 我不知道她為什么總是情緒低落。典型例題He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 他對我的話一點也聽不進去。典型例題This sentence doesn't make sense. 這個句子講不通。2、使用復合句復合句可以把結構松散的句子連接起來。高考寫作中用到的復合句包括下列幾種：1） 定語從句典型例題The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)The girl whos

8、e composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級)2） 狀語從句典型例題After I enter college, I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning.3）名詞性從句典型例題 Xiao Ming was always late for school. His teacher didn't know why. His teacher didn't know why Xiao Ming was always late for

9、 school.3、使用慣用句型1）強調(diào)句典型例題He didn't finish his task until midnight.It was not until midnight that he finished his task.3） 倒裝句典型例題I was not able to see him again until he came back from abroad.Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again.3）分詞短語、由with或without引導的短語典型例題The driver es

10、caped and didn't stop; he left the old man lying on the road. The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road. 典型例題We sang and danced. We told jokes and stories. We had a good time.We had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and stories.典型例題My father sat in the

11、 sofa. He was smoking and reading a newspaper.My father was smoking in the sofa with a newspaper in his hand4） 被動句典型例題We will hold the party on Saturday afternoon.The party will be held on Saturday afternoon.4、適當運用過渡手段過渡詞語（也稱為銜接詞）能起到連接句與句或段與段的中間媒介作用，如果使用恰當，就能增強文章的連貫性，使整篇文章順暢自然，嚴密緊湊。1） 表示起始的過渡詞語first

12、 of all, above all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, as far as等2）表示時間的過渡詞語first ,then, later, meanwhile, at last, in the end, finally, after that, since then, for the first time, as soon as, the next moment等3）表示空間的過渡詞語near, next to, far from, on the left, to the right of, on one side ofon

13、 the ether side of, at the foot/top/end of, in the middle of4）表示因果的過渡詞語so, thus, therefore, as a result (of),because of, thanks to5）表示轉(zhuǎn)折的過渡詞語but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, in spite of, in fact等6）表示列舉的過渡詞語like, unlike, for example, takeas an example, such as, that is, as follows, i

14、n other words, and so on7）表示遞進的過渡詞語still, also, besides, moreover, whats more, further more, on one handon the other hand, in addition, as well, not onlybut also8）表示總結的過渡詞語in a word, in short, in brief, in general, on the whole, to sum up（建議5-10分鐘）一、按要求改寫下列句子。 1) English is widely used in the world.

15、 Most business letters are written in English. (合并為并列句) English is widely used in the world and most business letters are written in English. 2) People thought of some ways to solve the problem. These solutions didn't work. (合并為并列句) People thought of some ways to solve the problem but these solu

16、tions didn't work.3) I suggest that you visit the Great Wall. It has a history of more than two thousand years. (合并為定語從句) I suggest that you visit the Great Wall, which has a history of more than two thousand years.4） July 11 has been named the Sailing Day in our country since 2005. Zheng He beg

17、an his famous voyage on July 11. (合并為定語從句) July 11, when Zheng He began his famous voyage, has been named the Sailing Day in our country since 2005. 5) I will not be able to meet you at the airport. I have some experiments to do that day.(合并為狀語從句) I will not be able to meet you at the airport becaus

18、e I have some experiments to do that day.6）The problem was complicated. He solved it in only two hours with a computer. (合并為狀語從句) Though the problem is complicated, he solved it in only two hours with a computer.7) In the past five years, there have been changes in peoples diet. It is a fact.(合并為名詞性

19、從句) It is a fact that in the past five years, there have been changes in peoples diet.8) The weather was fine. We went to visit the ZhongShan Park. (獨立主格結構) The weather being fine, we went to visit the ZhongShan Park.9) You should never give up when you are faced with difficulties. (非謂語+倒裝句) Never s

20、hould you give up when faced with difficulties.10) When a man and a woman meet, the woman first offers her hand. (改為強調(diào)句) When a man and a woman meet, it is the woman who first offers her hand.11) 眾所周知, 吸煙危害健康。（一句多譯）a. It is known to all that smoking does harm to peoples health.b. As is known to all,

21、 smoking harms peoples health.c. Everyone knows that smoking is harmful to peoples health.二、完成句子1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable._,our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.We all _3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. _4.The students there neednt pay f

22、or their books. _.5. As a result the plan was a failure._6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow._, she went pale with sorrow.7. She went to Austria in order to study music. She went to Austria_8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited_9. In our school, there are twenty-six cl

23、assrooms._.10.You can find my house easily. _ 11 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail._12. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）_13. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒裝句)_14. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用強調(diào)句型)

24、_ 15. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虛擬語氣）_ 16. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用過去分詞)_17. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)_18.I wont believe what he says. （使用狀語從句）_ 19.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句）

25、_20He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒裝句)_三、基礎寫作某報設有一個求助信箱，請根據(jù)以下表中列出的信息，以高三學生李華的名義給Mr. Helper寫一封英文短信。信的開頭和結尾已寫好，不計入五句話。高三學生現(xiàn)狀負擔過重的原因每天在校時間10小時1. 面臨高考2. 家長期望高每天作業(yè)時間3-4小時每天娛樂時間幾乎沒有每天睡眠時間不足Dear Mr. Helper, Im a senior 3 student. I am now in great need of your help beca

26、use I can hardly stand the great pressure._ I am looking forward to your advice. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 寫作步驟：第1步 審題體裁格式寫信內(nèi)容描寫高三現(xiàn)狀人稱、時態(tài)第一人稱、一般現(xiàn)在時信息點的整合和排列6項第2步 整合信息, 譯成英語。1) 每天在校時間約10小時。每天完成作業(yè)時間34小時。 Every day we stay at school for about ten hours to have lessons. We spend at least three to four hou

27、rs doing our homework.2) 每天幾乎沒有時間娛樂、消遣。 a. We hardly have any time for relaxation. b. Hardly can we find any time to do what we want.3) 每天睡眠時間不足，不利于健康。 a. We dont have enough time to sleep, which does harm to our health. b. We suffer from lack of sleep, which, in the long run, is not good for our he

28、alth.4) 負擔過重的原因是面臨高考。a. The main cause of our heavy burden is the pressure from the college entrance examination.b. The reason why we are carrying such a heavy burden is that we are facing the collegeentrance examination.5) 父母對我們的期望很高。 a. Our parents expect too much of us. b. Our parents have high e

29、xpectations of us.第3步 連句成篇Dear Mr. Helper, Im a senior 3 student. I am now in great need of your help because I can hardly stand the great pressure. Every day we stay at school for about ten hours to have lessons _ spend at least three to four hours doing our homework. _, hardly can we find any time

30、 to do what we want. _, We suffer from lack of sleep, which, in the long run, is not good for our health. The reason why we are carrying such a heavy burden is that we are getting the pressure from the college entrance examination. _, Our parents have high expectations of us. I am looking forward to

31、 your advice. Yours sincerely Li Hua Keys: and; As a result; Whats worse; In addition; score:_ （建議2-5分鐘）回顧與自我總結學習法批注：第一步采用回顧學習法，讓學生自己回憶在本模塊學到了哪些知識點；鼓勵學生自己梳理課堂思路和知識點，實在想不起來的再翻閱講解的內(nèi)容。第二步是通過所作的練習總結，即根據(jù)“斬妖除魔”環(huán)節(jié)， 引導學生自行總結并有意識地使用寫作中的高級詞匯和短語。附：高中英語常用的重要句型1. It was not until midnight that he finished his ta

32、sk.2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again.3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.5. May you be in good health!6. Wish you a pleasant journey back home!7. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes.8. What surprised me most was his imagination and patience.9. He lay on the grass, wi