現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和狀語

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上V.+ing用作現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和狀語課前預(yù)習(xí)案學(xué)習(xí)建議：根據(jù)所列例句，理解并嘗試總結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中的用法。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語和狀語I.ing 形式作定語1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語時(shí)，在邏輯上與所修飾的名詞之間為主謂關(guān)系，也可改成定語從句；如果與所修飾的名詞之間沒有主謂關(guān)系，定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語?，F(xiàn)在分詞位于所修飾的名詞之后做后置定語，與所修飾的名詞之間呈邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walki

2、ng.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語The girl standing under the tree is really charming.這句話中，standing under the tree就做girl的后置定語，意為“站在樹下的女孩子” 。The girl （who is）standing under the tree 這里加上who is則變?yōu)閺木洌÷詣t為現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語 定語：起修飾限定作用的語言成分，多為“···的”； 后置定語，顧名思義，放在被修飾詞后的定語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語， 多表主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義。有別于過去分詞，表被動(dòng)含義。 請?bào)w會(huì)下兩句：The

3、teacher came in, following some students. 老師跟著一些學(xué)生進(jìn)來了。（學(xué)生在老師之前）The teacher came in, followed by some students.老師被一些學(xué)生跟著進(jìn)來了。即：老師進(jìn)來了，他后面跟著一些學(xué)生。（學(xué)生在老師之后）3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語往往表示“令人”，主動(dòng)的或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：a moving film, a developing country.II. ing 形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句子中做狀語，表示的動(dòng)作是主語動(dòng)作的一部分，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的，經(jīng)?？梢宰鰰r(shí)間、原因、

4、方式、條件、結(jié)果、目的、讓步狀語從句。句子的主語必須是狀語的邏輯主語；而且主語與作狀語的分詞之間呈邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。1.原因狀語，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。1).Being ill, she didnt go to school today. 因?yàn)樯。裉鞗]上學(xué)去。2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.看見沒有人在家，我決定再來一趟。2. 時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于when, while等引導(dǎo)的從句。1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.當(dāng)聽到這個(gè)好消息時(shí)，他高興地跳了起來。2).Walki

5、ng in the street, I saw a friend of mine.當(dāng)我走在街上時(shí)，我看到了我的朋友。如果分詞短語表示的動(dòng)作與謂語表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，常在分詞短語前加上when或while。3).Be careful when crossing the street. 過街時(shí)小心。3. 伴隨狀語，與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。1).He sat at the table reading China Daily. 他坐在桌子旁看中國日報(bào)。2).Talking and smiling, they went into the room. 他們又說又笑地走進(jìn)房間。4. 結(jié)果狀語。1).Th

6、e mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.母親去世了，給她的孩子留下了一大筆錢。5. 條件狀語。Turning right, you will find the place you want.往右轉(zhuǎn)彎，你就會(huì)找到你要找的地方了。III.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語一般須與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。1).Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.從山頂望下去，我們就能看到我們美麗的學(xué)校。但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏

7、輯主語，獨(dú)立主語=邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨，時(shí)間、原因，條件。2).Many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.由于許多人都缺席了，他們決定取消這次會(huì)議。IV. 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式。現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式:not+ v.ing完成式的否定式:not+ having doneNot having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.由于很久沒有收到兒子的來信，這位母親很擔(dān)心。V. 現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。1). 分詞一

8、般式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般同時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)，則用分詞的一般式形式。He walked on the street, seeing back from time to time.他走在街上，不時(shí)地向身后看看2). 如果分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，則用分詞的完成式形式。Having finished his work, Henry went home.完成了他的工作后，亨利回家了。 語法聚焦預(yù)習(xí)自測1._ her telephone number, I couldnt ring her up.由于不知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我無法打電話給她。2. _, we will go there on

9、 foot.天氣好的話，我們將步行去那里。3._, I met Mary. 上學(xué)時(shí)我遇見了瑪麗。4. I turn off the light, _. 我把燈關(guān)了，所以什么也看不見。5. _, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就會(huì)成功。6. _ his letter, I decided to write to him. 沒收到他的來信，我決定給他寫信。7. The building _(build) now is our new library.8. _(give) such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?9. H

10、e stood, _(lean) against the wall/10. The song is sung all over the country, _ (make) it the most popular song.答案：1. Not knowing 2. Weather permitting3. While going to the school 4. seeing nothing5. Working hard 6. Not receiving 7. being built8. Having been given 9. leaning 10. making課內(nèi)探究案探究總結(jié)動(dòng)詞-ing

11、的用法教學(xué)建議：如何判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式和動(dòng)詞-ing的各種形式是重點(diǎn)，幫助學(xué)生形成判斷的依據(jù)和規(guī)則，注意v-ing作狀語時(shí)的特性：時(shí)間性、語態(tài)性和主語一致性。1. 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做狀語時(shí)表示什么含義？ _ _答案:動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句子中做狀語，表示的動(dòng)作是主語動(dòng)作的一部分，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的，經(jīng)?？梢宰鰰r(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果、目的、讓步狀語從句。句子的主語必須是狀語的邏輯主語；而且主語與作狀語的分詞之間呈邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。2.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式變化： 主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式 完成式 答案： 主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeing done完成式

12、having donehaving been done 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是什么？_答案:現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式：現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式:not+ v.ing完成式的否定式:not+ having done II. 學(xué)以致用一、詞匯運(yùn)用 1. It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces.（2010 天津）A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause2. at my classmates' faces, I read the same exci

13、tement in their eyes.（2010 北京）A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked3. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,_the students to return to their classrooms.（2010 江蘇） A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled4 The lady walked a

14、round the shops, _ an eye out for bargains.（2010 江西）A keep B kept C keeping D to keep5. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.（2010 福建）A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent6. He had a wonderful childhood， _with h

15、is mother to all corners of the world.(2010 安徽)A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling7. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（2010 湖南）A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 8. The lawyer listened with full

16、 attention， to miss any point（2010 四川）Anot trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try9. The news shocked the public, _to great concern about students safety at school.（2010 重慶）A. having led B. ledC. leading D. to lead答案：1. CAACA 6. DCBC.學(xué)貴有疑我思考，我收獲！學(xué)習(xí)建議：結(jié)合以上學(xué)習(xí)，請你用3-5分鐘的時(shí)間與同學(xué)自由質(zhì)疑和答惑。.我的收獲反思靜悟、體驗(yàn)成功請寫出

17、本堂課學(xué)習(xí)中，你認(rèn)為感悟最深的一至兩條收獲。V.+ing 作動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的詞性，可以作主語、動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語例題 例題1(11月考題)_in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. (A) Plants are widely (B) The spacing of plants is wide (C) Plants to be widely (D) The wide spacing of plants 首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句的主干是：is due to the limited supply.這里，句子缺主

18、語。所以，空格中應(yīng)該填入名詞或者名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)A和B都是完整的，而非名詞或名詞詞組。根據(jù)due to的用法，我們又能排除C，所以正確答案是D。 例題2(11月考題) Most leaves are coated with a waterproof _, or cuticle. (A) that the covering (B) and is covering (C) covering (D) by covering 這已經(jīng)是一個(gè)簡單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，即主謂完整。如果你認(rèn)識(shí)waterproof這個(gè)詞，你就知道空格里應(yīng)該填入名詞。因?yàn)閣aterproof是形容詞，它只能修飾名詞或者。(這里的waterp

19、roof不能表示類別做名詞，因?yàn)榍懊娴氖莂而不是the)你也可以根據(jù)，由or cuticle判斷空格里應(yīng)該填入名詞或者。(cuticle：表皮)而4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C是名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。? 例題3(18月考題) The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms that contain_, such as , poetry, essays, and novels. (A) artistic, creative writing (B) writing that artistic, creative (C) artistic, creati

20、ve, and writing (D) them is artistic, creative writing 首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句子的主干是：The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms。后面的that引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞詞組literary forms，contain是動(dòng)詞(包含)，后面應(yīng)該帶名詞或名詞詞組。不但如此，such as這個(gè)短語引出的, poetry, essays, and novels應(yīng)該是空格的，再次說格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入名詞或名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)A正好是能做contain的賓語的名詞短語。其中，形容詞artistic和creative修飾動(dòng)名詞writing，組成名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)B中的that后面缺少is。選項(xiàng)D也能構(gòu)筑一個(gè)完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，但是表達(dá)甚是累贅，而且代詞th