外文譯文電氣工程畢業(yè)

1、XX大學(xué)學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文譯文學(xué)生姓名：XX學(xué)號：XX專業(yè)名稱：電氣工程及其自動化譯文標(biāo)題（中英文）：交流不間斷電源（AC uninterrupted power supply）譯文出處：電源工業(yè)總第134期指導(dǎo)教師審閱簽名： 外文譯文正文：1.Traditional ac uninterruptible power supplyUninterruptible Power System. Is a kind of containing the energy storage device, inverter as the main part of the constant voltage

2、and constant frequency of uninterrupted power supply. Is mainly used to give a single computer, computer network system or other power electronic devices to provide uninterrupted power supply. When normal mains input, UPS will be used after the mains voltage supply load, UPS is an ac mains voltage s

3、tabilizer at this time, at the same time it also to the machine inside the battery; When mains interruption (forced outage), UPS will immediately internal battery power, continue to supply to the load by the method of inverter switch 220 v alternating current (ac), the load to maintain the normal wo

4、rk and the protection of critical load of software and hardware from being damaged. UPS equipment usually is to provide protection to excessive voltage and the voltage is too low.Traditional single-phase, three-phase ac inverter points in application, voltage type and current type on the performance

5、 points, points on the structure of the basic multiple superposition inverter square wave inverter, phase shift, multilevel inverter, soft switch inverter, etc., points on the circuit topology of push-pull, half bridge type and bridge type, etc., are using PWM pulse width modulation technology, the

6、working process of a strong EMI interference, cause serious pollution to the grid, at the same time, low efficiency, waste of energy.If need 10 kva ac output power, the traditional inverter must put more than 12 kw dc input voltage, all transform into high frequency square wave voltage, and then thr

7、ough the low-pass filter into a quasi sine wave voltage (traditional inverter output, forever is not really a sine wave voltage), exist the following problems:(1) adopt the method of pulse width modulation, the generation of high frequency and high-power square-wave process, also is strong EMI inter

8、ference produced by the process, high power dc converter is equivalent to a high frequency power station, it is conceivable that the interference is serious.(2) the power transformation process, the input power of the whole must be on the actual power transformation, power must pass all transform co

9、re transformer or inductive transfer to get to the output side, the loss is big, the efficiency is low. Figure 09-01 is the principle diagram of the traditional ac inverter, the input mains through rectifier filter (the first power transform) after transformation into a dc voltage, dc voltage to the

10、 inverter circuit (the second power transform) into sine wave inverter voltage, by low pass filter output; When mains interruption, the dc voltage of the battery after booster (after) the third power transformation, carries on the inverter inverter into 220 v ac voltage from a low pass filter output

11、. The process experienced three kinds of power transformation, each power transformation will generate about 15% of power consumption, the overall efficiency is quite low.2. Ac and battery detection circuitFigure 09-04 is ac and battery detection circuit, circuit points two parts, front part is comm

12、unication detection circuit, detect whether mains electricity or within the rated range. The phase comparator LM339 termination steamed bread wave after the reference ac voltage rectifier voltage Va, reverse termination steamed bread wave after the mains rectifier voltage Vd. The rated range, when t

13、he input mains voltage Va, Vd is greater than the voltage comparator LM339 output low level, make the switch S1 is shut off; Or power failure when the input is less than the rated electric range, voltage Vd is less than the voltage Va, comparator LM339 output high level, make the switch S1 opening,

14、so the signal voltage V4 added between Q8 gate, Q8 conduction, battery voltage output load current.It is at the back of the battery detection circuit, battery voltage E01 received 4 n33 diode light coupling of anode, through resistor R7 loop formation, triode part into the emitter follower, through

15、the resistor R4, R5 and R12, R11 after partial pressure, connected to the clock chip NE555 / ALD Trig and Thresh side, when the battery voltage in the normal range, NE555 / ALD output low level, switch S2 off; When battery voltage is lower than the rated value, the NE555 / ALD output high level, mak

16、e the switch S2 opening, V5 signal voltage between the source of the gate in Q3, Q3 conduction, steamed bread after rectification wave voltage to charge battery.3. Polarity inversion circuitFigure 09-05 is polarity inversion power supply, its function is to read the input voltage polarity. MOS tube

17、of Q1, Q2 source resistance R2 and togetherC1, D4 series branch, D4 cathode grounding, the input voltage V3 is a positive voltage, V1, V2 is 50 hz square-wave drive signal. During the first 10 ms, Q1 conduction, V3 on resistor R5 form 10 ms square wave voltage, at the same time through D4 to chargin

18、g capacitor C1, polarity is negative; When coming in the second 10 ms, Q1 closing, Q2 conduction, brought C1 positive voltage grounding, diode D3 output load voltage, then get 10 ms on resistor R1 FuFang wave voltage. Figure 09-03 simulation waveform is on the left side of the positive and negative

19、pulse voltage, the dc output to be symmetrical, can increase the filtering capacity, in fact, figure 09-03 circuit, is a square wave inverter power supply. Polarity inversion circuit4. Four kinds of inverter circuit 1)Dc inverter circuitFigure09 06 is green power converter study of four: dc inverter

20、 power supply in the actual circuit, its characteristic is using four power MOS tube and dynamic rectifier circuit, set the input dc voltage Vi = 1, the R8 Voa=Sinxoutput sine wave voltage, load resistance in the dynamic rectifier circuit output sine wave voltage Vob = 1 - Sinx, Voa, Vob, two kinds

21、of output voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude.Is characterized the inverter circuit output voltage Voa = Sinx dont have to participate in power transformation, arrived dc output, as the output power, needs to be part of power transform Vob = 1 - Sinx, this part accounted for more than 30% of

22、the input voltage Vi = 1, the machine power loss is about 30% power loss resulting from the input power.2) the dc inverter circuitFigure of 09-07 is green power converter study 8: low-power photovoltaic (pv) grid inverter in the practical circuit (FIG. 08-05), its characteristic is to use Y directio

23、n using fourth-order differential superposition method, the load resistor R1 is fourth-order pagoda output voltage Vo, after cutting circuit voltage to the voltage sine wave voltage generated Voa, eight tune after cutting edge triangle, by dynamic Vob rectifier circuit output sine wave voltage, two

24、types of voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude.Cutting down eight small side of the triangle area, is far less than the area of (1 - Sinx), so the machine efficiency is much higher than in figure 09-04 inverter circuit.With the increase of Y direction differential number, namely with the increa

25、se of pagoda wave number, pagoda after wave is sine wave cut the area of the curved edge of the small triangle will be smaller and smaller, and finally tends to zero, the whole power of the inverter losses will also tend to be zero.3) the dc inverter circuitFigure of 09-08 is power converter study 9

26、: low-power ac uninterruptible power supply of the inverter is one of the actual circuit, its characteristic is to use two power MOS tube and dynamic rectifier circuit, set the input dc voltage Vi = 1, the R8 Voa = Sinx output sine wave voltage, load resistance in the dynamic rectifier circuit outpu

27、t sine wave voltage Vob = 1 - Sinx, Voa, Vob, two kinds of output voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude.Is characterized the inverter circuit output voltage Voa = Sinx dont have to participate in power transformation, arrived dc output, as the output power, needs to be part of power transform V

28、ob = 1 - Sinx, this part accounted for more than 30% of the input voltage Vi = 1, the machine power loss is about 30% power loss resulting from the input power.In figure 9-04, the main circuit is adopted by the two power MOS tube, dont need to commutation circuit, because the input voltage is genera

29、ted by polarity inversion circuit of square wave circuit.4) dc inverter circuitFigure of 09-09 is green power converter study 9: low-power ac uninterruptible power supply in the second the actual circuit of the inverter, its characteristic is to use two power MOS tube and dynamic rectifier circuit,

30、set the input is a dc low voltage Vi = 1, the R8 Voa = Sinx output sine wave voltage, load resistance in the dynamic rectifier circuit output sine wave voltage Vob = 1 - Sinx, Voa, Vob, two kinds of output voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude, formed in transformer TX1 and TX2 envelope double-

31、sideband high frequency square wave voltage Vo for sine wave, the voltage after dynamic rectification, became a sine wave voltage output.The inverter circuit is characterized by: the input dc low voltage (12 v) need not additional booster, approach is in low voltage inverter sine wave voltage, when

32、the voltage is obtained by transformer after booster needed sine wave voltage 220 v.The above introduced four kinds of inverter circuit, is under different input conditions using different method, green power converter for different conditions, will produce different ways to deal with, this is the r

33、eal meaning of green power converter. Dynamic commutation and voltage related concepts such as cutting, basic circuit, please refer to one of green power converter research: relevant concepts and principles, power source expo 2011 the seventh period 5. the environmental characteristics of the ac uni

34、nterrupted power supply(1) when the mains is normal, the utility only after ac voltage stabilizer output directly, and the efficiency of ac voltage stabilizer is close to 100%, so the efficiency of the uninterruptible power supply is also close to 100%;(2) when the mains interruption, dc voltage int

35、o the inverter circuit, battery when battery dc voltage is higher, can choose FIG. 09 06, 09-09-07, 08, as shown in circuit of inverter, when the dc voltage of the battery is low, can be used as shown in FIG. 09 09 inverter circuit;(3) with uninterruptible power supply operation and work for a long

36、time in there is mains, and mains interruption, running and working less in the cases the inverter battery case, less negligible, from the point of view of statistical analysis, the overall efficiency is the efficiency of the grid case, close to 100%.外文譯文中文：1、傳統(tǒng)交流不間斷電源UPS(Uninterruptible Power Syste

37、m)，即不間斷電源，是一種含有儲能裝置，以逆變器為主要組成部分的恒壓、恒頻的不間斷電源。主要用于給單臺計算機(jī)、計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)或其它電力電子設(shè)備提供不間斷的電力供應(yīng)。當(dāng)市電輸入正常時，UPS 將市電穩(wěn)壓后供應(yīng)給負(fù)載使用，此時的UPS就是一臺交流市電穩(wěn)壓器，同時它還向機(jī)內(nèi)電池充電；當(dāng)市電中斷(事故停電)時，UPS立即將機(jī)內(nèi)電池的電能，通過逆變轉(zhuǎn)換的方法向負(fù)載繼續(xù)供應(yīng)220V交流電，使負(fù)載維持正常工作并保護(hù)負(fù)載軟、硬件不受損壞。UPS設(shè)備通常對電壓過大和電壓太低都提供保護(hù)。傳統(tǒng)交流逆變器在應(yīng)用上分單相、三相，在性能上分電壓型、電流型，在結(jié)構(gòu)上分基本型方波逆變器、移相多重疊加逆變器、多電平逆變器、軟開

38、關(guān)逆變器等等，在電路拓樸上分推挽式、半橋式、全橋式等等，都是采用PWM脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)，工作過程中產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈EMI干擾，對電網(wǎng)造成嚴(yán)重污染，同時效率低，浪費(fèi)能源。假如需要10KVA交流輸出功率，傳統(tǒng)逆變器必須把12KW以上的直流輸入電壓，全部變換成高頻方波電壓，然后經(jīng)過低通濾波器變成準(zhǔn)正弦波電壓(傳統(tǒng)逆變器輸出的，永遠(yuǎn)不是真正的正弦波電壓)，存在以下毛?。?1)采用脈寬調(diào)制的方法，高頻率、大功率方波的產(chǎn)生過程，也就是強(qiáng)烈EMI干擾產(chǎn)生的過程，大功率直流變換器相當(dāng)于一個高頻功率發(fā)射臺，可以想見，所產(chǎn)生的干擾何其嚴(yán)重。(2)功率變換過程中，輸入功率的全部必須進(jìn)行實(shí)際的功率變換，所有變換的功率必須通過磁芯

39、變壓器或電感傳遞才能到達(dá)輸出端，損耗大，效率低。圖09-01是傳統(tǒng)交流逆變器的原理框圖，輸入的市電經(jīng)過整流濾波(第一種功率變換)后變換成直流電壓，此直流電壓進(jìn)行逆變電路逆變(第二種功率變換)成正弦波電壓，由低通濾波器輸出；當(dāng)市電中斷時，蓄電池的直流電壓經(jīng)過升壓(第三種功率變換)后，進(jìn)行逆變器逆變成220V交流電壓從低通濾波器輸出。上述過程歷經(jīng)三種功率變換，每一次功率變換都會產(chǎn)生約15%的功率損耗，其整機(jī)效率相當(dāng)?shù)汀? 交流及電池檢測電路圖09-04是交流和蓄電池檢測電路，電路分兩部份，前部份是交流檢測電路，檢測市電是否斷電或在額定范圍之內(nèi)。比較器LM339的同相端接參考交流電壓整流后的饅頭波電

40、壓Va，反相端接市電整流后的饅頭波電壓Vd。當(dāng)輸入市電在額定范圍之內(nèi)，電壓Vd大于電壓Va，比較器LM339輸出低電平，使開關(guān)S1關(guān)斷；當(dāng)輸入市電小于額定范圍或停電時，電壓Vd小于電壓Va，比較器LM339輸出高電平，使開關(guān)S1開通，于是信號電壓V4加在Q8的柵源之間，Q8導(dǎo)通，蓄電池電壓輸出提供負(fù)載電流。后部份是蓄電池檢測電路，蓄電池電壓E01接到光耦4N33二極管部份的陽極，通過電阻R7形成回路，三極管部份接成射極跟隨器，經(jīng)過電阻R4、R12和R5、R11分壓后，接入時鐘芯片NE555/ALD的Trig和Thresh端，當(dāng)蓄電池電壓在正常范圍時，NE555/ALD輸出低電平，開關(guān)S2關(guān)斷；

41、當(dāng)蓄電池電壓低于額定值時，NE555/ALD輸出高電平，使開關(guān)S2開通，信號電壓V5加在Q3的柵源之間，Q3導(dǎo)通，整流后的饅頭波電壓對蓄電池進(jìn)行充電。3 極性反轉(zhuǎn)電路圖09-05是極性反轉(zhuǎn)電源，其功能是把輸入電壓的極性取反。MOS管Q1、Q2的共同源極接電阻R2和C1、D4的串聯(lián)支路，D4的陰極接地，輸入電壓V3是正電壓，驅(qū)動信號V1、V2是50Hz的方波。前10ms期間，Q1導(dǎo)通，V3在電阻R5上形成10ms的方波電壓，同時通過D4向電容C1充電，極性上正下負(fù)；第二個10ms到來的時候，Q1截止，Q2導(dǎo)通，把C1的正電壓端接地，二極管D3輸出負(fù)電壓，于是在電阻R1上得到10ms的負(fù)方波電壓。圖09-03左邊的仿真波形是正負(fù)脈沖電壓，要得到對稱直流輸出，可以加大濾波電容，實(shí)際上，圖09-03的電路，也是一個方波逆變電源。4 四種逆變電路1)直流逆變電路圖09-06是綠色功率變換器研究之四：直流逆變電源中的實(shí)際電路（圖04-05），其特點(diǎn)是采用四個功率MOS管和動態(tài)整流電路，設(shè)輸入是直流電壓Vi=1，在負(fù)載電阻R8輸出正弦波電壓Voa= Sinx，在動態(tài)整流電路輸出正弦波電壓Vob=1-Sinx，Voa、Vob兩種輸出電壓同頻率、同相位、同幅度。此逆變電路的特點(diǎn)是：輸出電壓Voa=Sinx不必參與功率變換，直流到達(dá)輸出端，成為輸出功率，需要進(jìn)行