英語五大基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)介紹

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上結(jié)構(gòu)英文縮寫例句常見動(dòng)詞備注主語+謂語S+VThe boy laughed. 謂語動(dòng)詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不跟賓語，但可跟時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語。主語+謂語+賓語S+V+DOHe plays the violin very well. 這里的謂語動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須跟賓語。主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語S+V+PShe is a doctor. be, keep, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn, fall, get 這里的動(dòng)詞都為連系動(dòng)詞。主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

2、S+V+IO+DOI gave her a present.give, bring, show, pass, buy, make, tell, ask, get, teach, write, sing, lend, hand, sell, cost, pay通常情況下，間接賓語位于直接賓語的前面，但有時(shí)根據(jù)需要，間接賓語位于直接賓語之后，這時(shí)要在間接賓語前加to或for主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語S+V+DO+OCWe call him Jack. think, keep, make, name, call, see, hear, watch, help, let, tell, ask, pa

3、int, leave 賓語補(bǔ)足語部分可以為形容詞，名詞，不定式等形式 句子的基本句型由主語、謂語動(dòng)詞、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等句子成分，按不同方式可組合成五種基本句型。句子成分的表示方法：S: Subject主語；V: Verb動(dòng)詞；O: Object賓語；P: Predicative表語；IO: Indirect Object間接賓語；DO：Direct Object 直接賓語OC: Object Complement賓語補(bǔ)足語； 第一種句型：主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)該句型所用動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后當(dāng)然不能接賓語，但是可以用狀語修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。He

4、runs fast in the street.他在街上跑得飛快。The meeting begins at nine.會(huì)議九點(diǎn)開始。第二種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(S+V+DO)該句型所用動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，可作賓語的有名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或短語及從句。 We attended the meeting.我們出席了那次會(huì)議。(名詞作賓語)She stopped him.她叫住了他。(代詞作賓語)She wants to ask a question.她要問一個(gè)問題。(不定式作賓語)They enjoy listening to the classic music.他們喜歡聽古典音樂。(動(dòng)

5、名詞作賓語)注意：一些不及物動(dòng)詞之后加上介詞就可以具有及物動(dòng)詞的功能，其后就可以接賓語了。這一類詞組有：listen to 聽；look at 看；look after 照看；look for 尋找；arrive at/in 到達(dá)等。May I turn on the light?我可以開燈嗎?What are you looking for?你在找什么?第三種句型：主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+P)連系動(dòng)詞的后面必須接表語，說明主語的情況和狀態(tài)。通?？勺鞅碚Z的是名詞或形容詞。She became a lawyer last year. 去年，她成為了一名律師。He is honest.他是誠(chéng)

6、實(shí)的。It is getting colder and colder.天氣漸漸冷了。It tastes delicious.這好吃極了。下列動(dòng)詞也作連系動(dòng)詞使用 ：look 看起來；smell 聞起來；sound 聽起來；taste 嘗起來；feel 感覺；keep 保持； grow/go/get/turn變得。第四種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)(1)賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，但某些動(dòng)詞，除直接賓語外，還要求一個(gè)間接賓語，以表示該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作所及的人或物，通常由名詞或代詞 的賓格擔(dān)任。She gave me a ticket

7、for that film.她給了我一張那部電影的票。Please pass me the salt.請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我(2)通常情況下，間接賓語位于直接賓語的前面，但有時(shí)根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)需要，間接賓語位于直接賓語之后，這時(shí)要在間接賓語前加to或for。I will bring the book(賓,直接) to you next time. (賓,間接)（=I will bring you the book  next time.）我下次把那本書給你帶來。He promised a motorbike (賓,直接) to her. (賓,間接)(=He promised her a motorb

8、ike.)他答應(yīng)給她買一輛摩托車。Mother bought a new bag (賓,直賓) for him.(賓,間賓)(=Mother bought him a new bag.)媽媽給他買了一個(gè)新書包。She sang several songs (賓,直賓) for them. (賓,間賓)(=She sang them several songs.)她為他們唱了幾首歌。Please pass (謂)the salt (賓,直接)to me. (賓,間接）請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。注意：帶特殊疑問詞的不定式短語作直接賓語是一種很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+DO+疑問詞+不定式主語+及物動(dòng)詞+

9、間接賓語+疑問詞+不定式She told me how to understand the article.她告訴我怎樣理解這篇文章。They wanted to know where to solve the problem.他們想要知道哪里能夠解決這個(gè)問題。The boy asked her why to do so.那孩子問她為什么這么做。I asked him which one to choose.我問他選擇哪一個(gè)。第五種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(S+V+DO+OC) (1)有些及物動(dòng)詞，只接一個(gè)賓語不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還需要再加一個(gè)賓語的補(bǔ)語加以說 明 ，使

10、意思完整。這樣的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語又稱為復(fù)合賓語，可以由名詞、形容詞和不定式來擔(dān)任。They named the girl Susan.他們給這個(gè)女孩起名叫蘇姍。(名詞作賓補(bǔ))He  found her frustrated.他覺得她有些沮喪。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))I saw them perform on the stage.我看見他們?cè)谂_(tái)上表演。(不定式作賓補(bǔ))(2)一些使役性動(dòng)詞如make, let, have和一些表示感官的動(dòng)詞如see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要省去“to”。We all made him

11、 play the violin.我們都要求他演奏小提琴。I saw him enter the room.我看見他進(jìn)屋了。He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.他聽見一個(gè)女人在那邊一棵樹下哭。必背：記住下面是一些常用的要求復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞：elect (選舉), name, call, make, find, think, leave。We'll make him monitor.我們要選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。She found the boy very funny.她覺得這個(gè)孩子非?；?。He left the door open and hid behind the door.他讓門開著，然后藏在門后邊。比較：雙賓語句型與復(fù)合賓語句型的區(qū)別它們之間最主要的區(qū)別是：復(fù)合賓語中的賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，但雙賓 語則沒有這種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：We call him (賓) J