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1、DMI 技術(shù)指標(biāo)的計(jì)算方法DMI(Directional Movement Index)指標(biāo),中文名稱為趨向指標(biāo),由技術(shù)分析大師威爾斯?威爾德 (J?Wells?Wilder?Jr )發(fā)明,被認(rèn)為是最有成就、最實(shí)用的一套技術(shù)分析工具。本指標(biāo)最大的特點(diǎn)是它能準(zhǔn)確地告訴我們行情是否啟動(dòng)。在技術(shù)分析領(lǐng)域中,很多技術(shù)指標(biāo)必須搭配 DMI 指標(biāo)來(lái)研判某只股票的漲跌。本指標(biāo)的基本原理為,尋求股票價(jià)格漲跌、買賣雙方力量的均衡點(diǎn) (Iquilibrium Point) ,及價(jià)格在雙方互動(dòng)下波動(dòng)循環(huán)的過(guò)程。DMI 指標(biāo)是由四條線來(lái)組成一幅美麗的圖表。這四條線分別為+DI (上升動(dòng)向線) 、-DI(下降動(dòng)向線)

2、、 ADX(方向線 )、 ADXR( 評(píng)估線 ) 。DMI 公式原理:計(jì)算 DMI 第一項(xiàng)工作, 便是確認(rèn)其基本的動(dòng)向變動(dòng)值(DM) 是上漲還是下跌。 +DM 與 -DM來(lái)表示漲與跌動(dòng)向變動(dòng)值。動(dòng)向變動(dòng)值為當(dāng)日價(jià)格波動(dòng)幅度大于前一日價(jià)格的部分最大值。也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)向變動(dòng)值已能表示出價(jià)格波動(dòng)的漲跌幅度。1 零動(dòng)向 (Zero Directional Movement)經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算 +DM 與 -DM 的值均為零。發(fā)生這種現(xiàn)象的情況有兩種:a 內(nèi)移日 (Inside Day)當(dāng)日最高價(jià)小于或等于前一交易日最高價(jià),當(dāng)日最低價(jià)大于或等于前一交易日的最低價(jià),即為內(nèi)移日,這時(shí) +DM 與 -DM 值為零。b 買

3、賣雙方均衡日當(dāng)日最高價(jià)大于前一交易日最高價(jià),其差的絕對(duì)值正好等于當(dāng)日最低價(jià)與前一交易日最低價(jià)差額絕對(duì)值,這時(shí)買賣雙方處于均衡之勢(shì),+DM 與 -DM 值為零。2 上升動(dòng)向 +DM如果當(dāng)日最高價(jià)比前一交易日最高價(jià)更高,且當(dāng)日最低價(jià)大于前一交易日最低價(jià),則出現(xiàn)上升現(xiàn)象,動(dòng)向值等于當(dāng)日最高價(jià)與前一交易日最高價(jià)的差頒絕對(duì)值。3 下跌動(dòng)向 -DM如果當(dāng)日最低價(jià)比前一交易日最低價(jià)更低,且當(dāng)日最高價(jià)小于前一交易日最高價(jià),則出現(xiàn)下降動(dòng)向值,此值等于當(dāng)日最低價(jià)與前一交易日最低價(jià)的差額絕對(duì)值。4如果當(dāng)日最高價(jià)大于或等于前一交易日最高價(jià),而且當(dāng)日最低價(jià)小于前一交易日最低價(jià),若前者差額絕對(duì)值大于后者差額絕對(duì)值時(shí),取前

4、者差額絕對(duì)值+DM ;若前者差額絕對(duì)值小于后者差額絕對(duì)值時(shí),取后者差額絕對(duì)值為-DM 。第一項(xiàng)工作完成后,我們還要找出真正的波幅(True Ram) ,這是我們要完成的第二項(xiàng)工作。真正波幅 (TR) ,是當(dāng)日價(jià)格與前一交易日收盤價(jià)格比較之后的最大變動(dòng)值。計(jì)算方式:(1) 當(dāng)日收盤價(jià) -當(dāng)日最低價(jià)(2) 當(dāng)日最高價(jià) -前一交易日收盤價(jià)(3) 當(dāng)日最低價(jià) -前一交易日收盤價(jià)1 、 2、 3 種計(jì)算結(jié)果,三者差額絕對(duì)值最大者,即為當(dāng)日的真正波幅(TR) 值。第一項(xiàng)工作完成了動(dòng)向變動(dòng)值(DM) ,第二項(xiàng)工作完成了真正波幅(TR) ,第三項(xiàng)工作要完成的是動(dòng)向指數(shù)線(Directional Indicat

5、or)。動(dòng)向線 (DI) 為檢測(cè)價(jià)格上漲或下跌的指標(biāo),上升動(dòng)向線以 +DI 來(lái)表示, 下跌動(dòng)向線用 -DI來(lái)表示。上升或下跌動(dòng)向線的計(jì)算方法如下:+DI +DM TR-DI -DM TR要使動(dòng)向線具有參考價(jià)值,必須進(jìn)行一定時(shí)期的累計(jì)運(yùn)算,威爾德認(rèn)為最適當(dāng)?shù)闹芷谑?4 天,筆者則認(rèn)為在中國(guó)大陸股市中其最具有使用價(jià)值的周期為7 天。計(jì)算方法如下:分別將 7 天內(nèi)的 +DM 、-DM 及 TR 平均,所得到的數(shù)值分別為 +DM7 、-DM7 及 TR7 。因此 7 天的上升或下跌動(dòng)向指數(shù)線的計(jì)算方法如下:+D17 +DM7 TR7-D17 -DM7 TR7需要說(shuō)明的是負(fù)的動(dòng)向變動(dòng)值并不是負(fù)數(shù),負(fù)號(hào)僅

6、代表下跌方向,計(jì)算出正負(fù)動(dòng)向指標(biāo)(DI) 的數(shù)值后,由于其數(shù)值永遠(yuǎn)介于0 與 100 之間,因此為了方便圖表的繪制,7 天上升動(dòng)向線 (+DI7) 表示最近7 天以來(lái)實(shí)際上漲力量的百分比,而7 天下跌動(dòng)向線(-D17) 表示最近7 天以來(lái)下跌力量的百分比。如果股票價(jià)格持續(xù)下跌, 那么負(fù)動(dòng)向變動(dòng)值不斷出現(xiàn), 將使下跌動(dòng)向線的數(shù)值不斷出現(xiàn),下跌動(dòng)向線的數(shù)值不斷升高。若價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲,則上述情況的相反導(dǎo)向即將出現(xiàn)于圖形上。當(dāng)股價(jià)在盤整時(shí),上升與下跌動(dòng)向線差異則非常小。當(dāng)上述情況出現(xiàn)時(shí),就要借助動(dòng)向平均線(ADX) 來(lái)研判。動(dòng)向值 (DX) 計(jì)算方式為:DX DI 差 -DI 和DI 差 +DI-(-D

7、I)DI 和 +DI+(-D1)七天周期動(dòng)向值的計(jì)算公式為:DX7 DI7 差 -DI7 和D17 差 +DI7-(-DI7)D17 和 +DI7+(-DI7)由于動(dòng)向值的變動(dòng)性大,因此以7 作為平滑計(jì)算,即可算出ADXADX ( 昨日動(dòng)向平均值+ 今日動(dòng)向值 ) 7ADX 值算出后,方向就明顯了,最后,我們將要計(jì)算ADXR 評(píng)比線的值:ADXR ( 今日動(dòng)向平均值A(chǔ)DX+7 日前動(dòng)向平均值A(chǔ)DX) 2DMI 技術(shù)指標(biāo)的計(jì)算方法DMI 指標(biāo)的計(jì)算方法和過(guò)程比較復(fù)雜,它涉及到DM 、TR 、DX 等幾個(gè)計(jì)算指標(biāo)和+DI(即PDI ,下同)、 DI (即 MDI ,下同)、 aDX 和 aDXR

8、等 4 個(gè)研判指標(biāo)的運(yùn)算。計(jì)算的基本程序以計(jì)算日 DMI 指標(biāo)為例,其運(yùn)算的基本程序主要為:1、按一定的天數(shù)將DX 累加后平均,求得n 日內(nèi)的平均動(dòng)向值aDX 。2、再通過(guò)當(dāng)日的aDX 與前面某一日的aDX 相比較,計(jì)算出aDX 的評(píng)估數(shù)值aDXR 。3、通過(guò) n 內(nèi)的上升指標(biāo) +DI 和下降指標(biāo) DI 之間的差和之比,計(jì)算出每日的動(dòng)向值 DX 。4、將的上升指標(biāo)n 內(nèi)的上升動(dòng)向值和下降動(dòng)向值分別除以+DI 和下降指標(biāo) DI 。n 日內(nèi)的真實(shí)波幅值,從而求出n 日內(nèi)5、按一定的規(guī)則比較每日股價(jià)波動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的最高價(jià)、最低價(jià)和收盤價(jià),計(jì)算出每日股價(jià)的波動(dòng)的真實(shí)波幅 TR 、 +DI 、 DI ,在運(yùn)算

9、基準(zhǔn)日基礎(chǔ)上按一定的天數(shù)將其累加,以求 n 日的 TR、 +DM 和 DM 值。計(jì)算的具體過(guò)程【一】計(jì)算當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值動(dòng)向 指數(shù)的當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值分為上升動(dòng)向、下降動(dòng)向和無(wú)動(dòng)向等三種情況,每日的當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值只能是三種情況的一種。a、上升動(dòng)向(+DM )+DM 代表正趨向變動(dòng)值即上升動(dòng)向值,其數(shù)值等于當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去前一日的最低價(jià)。上升動(dòng)向值必須大于當(dāng)日最低價(jià)減去前一日最低價(jià)的絕對(duì)值,否則+DM=0 。b、下降動(dòng)向(DM ) DM 代表負(fù)趨向變動(dòng)值即下降動(dòng)向值,其數(shù)值等于當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)減去前一日的最低價(jià)。下降動(dòng)向值必須大于當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去前一日最低價(jià)的絕對(duì)值,否則DM=0 。c、無(wú)動(dòng)向無(wú)動(dòng)向代表當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值為

10、“零 ”的情況,即當(dāng)日的 +DM 和 DM 同時(shí)等于零。有兩種股價(jià)波動(dòng)情況下可能出現(xiàn)無(wú)動(dòng)向。 一是當(dāng)當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)低于前一日的最高價(jià)并且當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)高于前一日的最低價(jià),二是當(dāng)上升動(dòng)向值正好等于下降動(dòng)向值?!径坑?jì)算真實(shí)波幅(TR )TR 代表真實(shí)波幅,是當(dāng)日價(jià)格較前一日價(jià)格的最大變動(dòng)值。取以下三項(xiàng)差額的數(shù)值中的最大值(取絕對(duì)值)為當(dāng)日的真實(shí)波幅:a、當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)的價(jià)差。b、當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去前一日的收盤價(jià)的價(jià)差。c、當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)減去前一日的收盤價(jià)的價(jià)差。TR 是 a、 b、 c 中的數(shù)值最大者【四】計(jì)算方向線DI方向線 DI 是衡量股價(jià)上漲或下跌的指標(biāo),分為“上升指標(biāo) ”和 “下降

11、指標(biāo) ”。在有的股市分析軟件上, +DI 代表上升方向線, DI 代表下降方向線。 其計(jì)算方法如下: +DI=( DM÷ TR )×100 DI= ( DM÷ TR ) ×100;要使方向線具有參考價(jià)值 ,則必須運(yùn)用平滑移動(dòng)平均的原理對(duì)其進(jìn)行累積運(yùn)算。以 12 日作為計(jì)算 周期 為例,先將 12 日內(nèi)的 +DM 、 DM 及 TR 平均化,所得數(shù)值分別為 +DM12 , DM12 和 TR12 ,具體如下: +DI ( 12) =( +DM12÷ TR12 )×100 DI( 12)=( DM12÷ TR12)×1

12、00;隨后計(jì)算第 13 天的 +DI12 、DI12 或 TR12 時(shí),只要利用平滑移動(dòng)平均 公式 運(yùn)算即可。例如:當(dāng)日的 TR12=11/12÷前一日 TR12 當(dāng)日 TR上升或下跌方向線的數(shù)值永遠(yuǎn)介于0 與 100 之間。【五】計(jì)算動(dòng)向平均數(shù)aDX依據(jù) DI 值可以計(jì)算出 DX 指標(biāo)值。 其計(jì)算方法是將 +DI 和 DI 間的差的絕對(duì)值除以總和的百分比得到動(dòng)向指數(shù) DX 。由于 DX 的波動(dòng)幅度比較大, 一般以一定的周期的平滑計(jì)算,得到平均動(dòng)向指標(biāo)aDX 。具體過(guò)程如下:DX= ( DI DIf ÷DI suM ) ×100。其中, DI DIf 為上升指標(biāo)和

13、下降指標(biāo)的價(jià)差的絕對(duì)值。DI suM 為上升指標(biāo)和下降指標(biāo)的總和;aDX 就是 DX的一定周期n 的移動(dòng)平均值?!玖坑?jì)算評(píng)估數(shù)值aDXR在 DMI 指標(biāo)中還可以添加aDXR 指標(biāo),以便更有利于行情的研判。aDXR 的計(jì)算公式為: aDXR= (當(dāng)日的aDX 前一日的aDX ) ÷2。和其他指標(biāo)的計(jì)算一樣,由于選用的計(jì)算周期的不同, DMI 指標(biāo)也包括日DMI 指標(biāo)、周 DMI 指標(biāo)、 月 DMI 指標(biāo)年 DMI 指標(biāo)以及分鐘 DMI 指標(biāo)等各種類型。經(jīng)常被用于股市研判的是日DMI 指標(biāo)和周DMI 指標(biāo)。雖然它們的計(jì)算時(shí)的取值有所不同,但基本的計(jì)算方法一樣。另外,隨著股市軟件分析技術(shù)

14、的發(fā)展,投資者只需掌握 DMI 形成的基本原理和計(jì)算方法,無(wú)須去計(jì)算指標(biāo)的數(shù)值,更為重要的是利用 DMI 指標(biāo)去分析、研判 股票行情。dmi 指標(biāo)原理和計(jì)算方法一、 dmi 指標(biāo)的原理dmi 指標(biāo)是通過(guò)分析股票價(jià)格 在漲跌過(guò)程中買賣雙方力量均衡點(diǎn)的變化情況,即多空雙方的力量的變化受價(jià)格波動(dòng)的影響而發(fā)生由均衡到失衡的循環(huán)過(guò)程,從而提供對(duì)趨勢(shì)判斷依據(jù)的一種技術(shù)指標(biāo)。dmi 指標(biāo)的基本原理是在于尋找股票價(jià)格漲跌過(guò)程中,股價(jià)藉以創(chuàng)新高價(jià)或新低價(jià)的功能, 研判多空力量, 進(jìn)而尋求買賣雙方的均衡點(diǎn)及股價(jià)在雙方互動(dòng)下波動(dòng)的循環(huán)過(guò)程。在大多數(shù)指標(biāo)中, 絕大部分都是以每一日的收盤價(jià)的走勢(shì) 及漲跌幅的累計(jì)數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算

15、出不同的分析數(shù)據(jù), 其不足之處在于忽略了每一日的高低之間的波動(dòng)幅度。比如某個(gè)股票的兩日收盤價(jià)可能是一樣的,但其中一天上下波動(dòng)的幅度不大,而另一天股價(jià)的震幅卻在10% 以上,那么這兩日的行情走勢(shì)的分析意義決然不同,這點(diǎn)在其他大多數(shù)指標(biāo)中很難表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。而 dmi指標(biāo)則是把每日的高低波動(dòng)的幅度因素計(jì)算在內(nèi),從而更加準(zhǔn)確的反應(yīng)行情的走勢(shì)及更好的預(yù)測(cè)行情未來(lái)的發(fā)展變化。二、 dmi 指標(biāo)的計(jì)算方法dmi 指標(biāo)的計(jì)算方法和過(guò)程比較復(fù)雜,它涉及到dm 、 tr 、 dx 等幾個(gè)計(jì)算指標(biāo)和+di(即 pdi ,下同)、di (即 mdi ,下同)、 adx 和 adxr 等 4 個(gè)研判指標(biāo)的運(yùn)算。1、計(jì)算的基

16、本程序以計(jì)算日 dmi指標(biāo)為例,其運(yùn)算的基本程序主要為:( 1)按一定的規(guī)則比較每日股價(jià)波動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的最高價(jià)、最低價(jià)和收盤價(jià),計(jì)算出每日股價(jià)的波動(dòng)的真實(shí)波幅tr 、 +di 、 di ,在運(yùn)算基準(zhǔn)日基礎(chǔ)上按一定的天數(shù)將其累加,以求n日的 tr 、 +dm和 dm 值。( 2)將 n 內(nèi)的上升動(dòng)向值和下降動(dòng)向值分別除以n 日內(nèi)的真實(shí)波幅值,從而求出 n 日內(nèi)的上升指標(biāo) +di和下降指標(biāo)di 。( 3)通過(guò) n 內(nèi)的上升指標(biāo)+di和下降指標(biāo) di 之間的差和之比,計(jì)算出每日的動(dòng)向值dx 。( 4)按一定的天數(shù)將dx 累加后平均,求得n 日內(nèi)的平均動(dòng)向值adx 。( 5)再通過(guò)當(dāng)日的adx 與前面某一日

17、的adx 相比較,計(jì)算出adx 的評(píng)估數(shù)值adxr 。2、計(jì)算的具體過(guò)程( 1)計(jì)算當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值動(dòng)向指數(shù)的當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值分為上升動(dòng)向、下降動(dòng)向和無(wú)動(dòng)向等三種情況,每日的當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值只能是三種情況的一種。a、上升動(dòng)向( +dm )+dm代表正趨向變動(dòng)值即上升動(dòng)向值,其數(shù)值等于當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去前一日的最低價(jià)。上升動(dòng)向值必須大于當(dāng)日最低價(jià)減去前一日最低價(jià)的絕對(duì)值,否則+dm=0。b 、下降動(dòng)向(dm ) dm 代表負(fù)趨向變動(dòng)值即下降動(dòng)向值,其數(shù)值等于當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)減去前一日的最低價(jià)。下降動(dòng)向值必須大于當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去前一日最低價(jià)的絕對(duì)值,否則dm=0 。c、無(wú)動(dòng)向無(wú)動(dòng)向代表當(dāng)日動(dòng)向值為“零”的情況,即當(dāng)日的+

18、dm和 dm 同時(shí)等于零。有兩種股價(jià)波動(dòng)情況下可能出現(xiàn)無(wú)動(dòng)向。一是當(dāng)當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)低于前一日的最高價(jià)并且當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)高于前一日的最低價(jià),二是當(dāng)上升動(dòng)向值正好等于下降動(dòng)向值。( 2)計(jì)算真實(shí)波幅(tr )tr 代表真實(shí)波幅, 是當(dāng)日價(jià)格較前一日價(jià)格的最大變動(dòng)值。取以下三項(xiàng)差額的數(shù)值中的最大值(取絕對(duì)值)為當(dāng)日的真實(shí)波幅:a、當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)的價(jià)差。b 、當(dāng)日的最高價(jià)減去前一日的收盤價(jià)的價(jià)差。c、當(dāng)日的最低價(jià)減去前一日的收盤價(jià)的價(jià)差。tr 是 a、 b 、 c 中的數(shù)值最大者( 3)計(jì)算方向線di方向線 di 是衡量股價(jià)上漲或下跌的指標(biāo),分為“上升指標(biāo)”和“下降指標(biāo)”。在有的股市 分析軟

19、件上,+di代表上升方向線,di 代表下降方向線。其計(jì)算方法如下:+di= (dm ÷tr )×100 di= ( dm ÷tr )×100要使方向線具有參考價(jià)值,則必須運(yùn)用平滑移動(dòng)平均的原理對(duì)其進(jìn)行累積運(yùn)算。以12日作為計(jì)算周期為例,先將 12 日內(nèi)的 +dm 、 dm 及 tr 平均化,所得數(shù)值分別為+dm12,dm12和 tr12 ,具體如下:+di ( 12 ) = ( +dm12÷tr12 )×100 di ( 12 ) = ( dm12 ÷tr12 )×100隨后計(jì)算第13 天的 +di12 、di12

20、 或 tr12 時(shí),只要利用平滑移動(dòng)平均公式運(yùn)算即可。例如:當(dāng)日的 tr12=11/12÷前一日 tr12 當(dāng)日 tr上升或下跌方向線的數(shù)值永遠(yuǎn)介于0 與 100 之間。( 4)計(jì)算動(dòng)向平均數(shù)adx依據(jù) di 值可以計(jì)算出dx 指標(biāo)值。其計(jì)算方法是將+di和di 間的差的絕對(duì)值除以總和的百分比得到動(dòng)向指數(shù)dx 。由于 dx 的波動(dòng)幅度比較大,一般以一定的周期的平滑計(jì)算,得到平均動(dòng)向指標(biāo)adx 。具體過(guò)程如下:dx=(didif÷disum) ×100其中, didif為上升指標(biāo)和下降指標(biāo)的價(jià)差的絕對(duì)值disum為上升指標(biāo)和下降指標(biāo)的總和adx 就是 dx 的一定周

21、期n 的移動(dòng)平均值。( 5)計(jì)算評(píng)估數(shù)值adxr在 dmi 指標(biāo)中還可以添加adxr 指標(biāo),以便更有利于行情的研判。adxr 的計(jì)算公式為:adxr= (當(dāng)日的 adx 前一日的adx )÷2和其他指標(biāo)的計(jì)算一樣,由于選用的計(jì)算周期的不同,dmi指標(biāo)也包括日dmi 指標(biāo)、周 dmi 指標(biāo)、月 dmi 指標(biāo)年 dmi 指標(biāo)以及分鐘 dmi 指標(biāo)等各種類型。經(jīng)常被用于股市研判的是日 dmi 指標(biāo)和周 dmi 指標(biāo)。雖然它們的計(jì)算時(shí)的取值有所不同,但基本的計(jì)算方法一樣。另外,隨著股市軟件分析技術(shù)的發(fā)展,投資 者只需掌握dmi形成的基本原理和計(jì)算方法,無(wú)須去計(jì)算指標(biāo)的數(shù)值,更為重要的是利用d

22、mi指標(biāo)去分析、研判股票行情。Directional Movement Index (DMI)DescriptionThe Directional MovementIndex (also known as DMI) isa momentumindicatorthat was developed by J. Welles Wilder.Itiscalculated using the price,compares the current price with the previous price range, and displaysthe resultas an upward movement

23、line(+DI),and a downward movementline(-DI), between 0 and 100. The DMI also calculates the strength of theupward ordownward movement, and displaysthe resultas a trend strengthline (ADX).The DMI is displayed on its own chart, separate from the price bars, and is the lower section in the chart shown a

24、bove.CalculationDescription: The DMI is the ratio of exponential moving averages of the greater of the upward (U)and downward (D) price movements, and the true range (TR).Calculation:U = Hn - Hn-1D = Ln-1 - LnTR = (Hn - Ln) | (Hn - Cn-1) | (Cn-1 - Ln)EMAUP = EMAUn-1 + (2 / (n + 1) * (Un - EMAUn-1)EM

25、ADOWN = EMADn-1 + (2 / (n + 1) * (Dn - EMADn-1)EMATR = EMATRn-1 + (2 / (n + 1) * (TRn - EMATRn-1)+DI = EMAUP / EMATR-DI = EMADOWN / EMATRDX = ABS(+DI - -DI) / (+DI + -DI)ADX = EMADXn-1 + (2 / (n + 1) * (DXn - EMADXn-1)Trading UseThe Directional Movement Index can be used inbothrangingandtrendingmark

26、ets. In general, when the +DI line isabove the -DI line, the market is moving upwards, and when the -DI lineis above the+DI line,the market is moving downwards. The ADXlineshowsthestrengthofthe move, and the market is consideredtobe trendingwhentheADXlineisabove 30, and ranging when the ADXlineisbel

27、ow 30.Thereare several trading systems that use the DMI, so there are severalalternative uses of both the DI lines, and the ADX line.( ranging and trending marketsDefinition:Day trading markets are referred to as either ranging or trending depending upon the type of price movement that is currently

28、occurring. The descriptions of these types of markets are as follows :RangingA ranging market is a market where the price is moving back and forth between a higher price and a lower price. The higher price would be acting as resistance because it prevents the price from moving above it, and the lowe

29、r price would be acting as support because it prevents the price from moving below it.The price range of a ranging market can be small or large, and if the range is very small the market would be considered to be in chop (moving sideways with very little upward or downward movement).TrendingA trendi

30、ng market is a market where the price is moving in a single direction, either up or down, but not sideways.may last for several weeksThere may be several small price reversals, but nothing large enough to prevent the price movement from continuing in its original direction. A day trading trend may l

31、ast for a few minutes or a few hours, and longer term trendsor months.)DMI Points The Way To ProfitsBy Candy Schaap AAA |The primary objective of the trend trader is to enter a trade in the direction of the trend . Reading directional signals from price alone can be difficult and is often misleading

32、 because price normally swings in both directions and changes character between periods of low versus high volatility.The directional movement indicator(also known as the directionalmovement index - DMI) is a valuable tool for assessing price directionand strength. This indicator was created in 1978

33、 by J. Welles Wilder,who also created the popularrelative strength index . DMI tells you whento be long or short. It is especially useful for trend trading strategiesbecause it differentiates between strong and weak trends, allowing thetrader to enter only the strongest trends. DMI works on all time

34、 framesand can be applied to any underlying vehicle (stocks, mutualfunds, exchange-traded funds, futures, commodities and currencies).Here, we'll cover the DMI indicator in detail and show you whatinformation it can reveal to help you achieve better profits. (Forbackground reading, see Momentum

35、And The Relative Strength Index.)DMI CharacteristicsDMI is a moving average of range expansion over a given period (default14). The positive directional movement indicator(+DMI) measures howstrongly price moves upward; thenegative directional movementindicator (-DMI) measures how strongly price move

36、s downward. The two lines reflect the respective strength of the bulls versus the bears. Each DMI is represented by a separate line (Figure 1). First, look to see which of the two DMI lines is on top. Some short-term traders refer to this as the dominant DMI. The dominant DMI is stronger and more li

37、kely topredict the direction of price. For the buyers and sellers to change dominance, the lines must cross over.A crossover occurs when the DMI on bottom crosses up through the dominant DMI on top. Crossovers may seem like an obvious signal to go long/short, but many short-term traders will wait fo

38、r other indicators to confirm the entry or exit signals to increase their chances of making a profitable trade. Crossovers of the DMI lines are often unreliable because they frequently give false signals when volatility is low and late signals when volatility is high. Think of crossovers as the firs

39、t indicationof a potential change in direction. (For more insight, read the Moving Averages tutorial.)Source: TDAmeritrade Strategy DeskFigure 1: The +DMI and -DMI are shown as separate lines. There are several false crossovers ( Point 1) and one crossover at Point 2that leads to an uptrend with +DM

40、I dominant. Note:The calculations for DMI are complicated and are referenced elsewhere. Also, DMIis normally plotted in the samewindow with the ADXindicator, which is not shown.DMI is used to confirm price action (see Figure 2). The +DMI generally moves in sync with price, which means that the +DMI

41、rises when price rises, and it falls when price falls. It is important to note that the -DMI behaves in the opposite manner and moves counter-directional to price. The -DMI rises when price falls, and it falls when price rises. This takes alittle getting used to. Just remember that the strength of a

42、 price move up or down is always recorded by a peak in the respective DMI line.Reading directional signals is easy. When the +DMI is dominant and rising, price direction is up. When the -DMI is dominant and rising, price direction is down. But the strength of price must also be considered. DMI stren

43、gth ranges from a low of 0 to a high of 100. The higher the DMI value, the stronger the prices swing. DMI values over 25 mean price is directionally strong. DMI values under 25 mean price is directionally weak.Source: TDAmeritrade Strategy DeskFigure 2: DMI is weak at Point 1 and price is choppy. Th

44、e +DMIrises strongly above 25 at Point 2 and the uptrend follows. Note how +DMI moves with price at Point 3 and -DMI moves counter-directional to price at Point 4.DMI MomentumThe great feature of DMI is the ability to see buying and selling pressure at the same time, allowing the dominant force to b

45、e determined before entering a trade. The strength of a swing high (bulls) is reflected in the +DMI peak, and the strength of a swing low (bears) is seen in the -DMI peaks. The relative strength of the DMI peaks tells the momentum of price and provides timely signals for trading decisions. When the

46、buyers are stronger than the sellers, the +DMI peaks will be above 25 and the -DMI peaks will be below 25. This is seen in a strong uptrend. But when the sellers are stronger than the buyers, the -DMI peaks will be above 25and the +DMI peaks will be below 25. In this case, the trend will be down.The

47、 ability of price to trend depends on continued strength in the dominant DMI. A strong uptrend will show a series of rising +DMI peaks that remain above the -DMI for extended periods of time (Figure 3). The opposite is true for strong downtrends. When both DMI lines are below 25 and moving sideways,

48、 there is no dominant force and trend trades are not appropriate. However, the best trends begin after long periods where the DMI lines cross back and forth under the 25 level. A low risk trade setup will occur after DMI expands above the 25 level and price penetrates support/resistance.Source: TDAm

49、eritrade Strategy DeskFigure 3: The +DMI crosses above 25 at Point 1 and remains above the -DMI as the uptrend develops. Note the absence of any crossover by -DMI during the uptrend. Here, the buyers arestrong (+DMI >25) and the sellers are weak (-DMI <25).DMI ConfirmationDMI lines pivot, or c

50、hange direction, when price changes direction. An important concept of DMI pivots is they must correlate with structural pivots in price. When price makes a pivot high, the +DMI will make a pivot high. When price makes a pivot low, the -DMI will make a pivot high (remember -DMI moves counter-directi

51、onal to price).The correlation between DMI pivots and price pivots is important for reading price momentum. Many short-term traders watch for the priceand the indicator to move together in the same direction or times they diverge . One method of confirming an asset's uptrend is to find scenarios when price makes a new pivot high and the +DMI makes a new high. Conversely, a new pivot low combined with a new high on the-DMI is us

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