英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文撰寫模式.doc - The Causes and Possible Settlem……

1、二號Arial體加粗居中三號黑體居中外語學習的性別差異小四號宋體居中英語02-1 ×××指導老師：×××四號宋體加粗居中，段前段后各設為0.5行小四號楷體摘 要性別是第二語言習得和外語學習中學習者差異的重要因素之一，因此，語言性別差異的研究已經(jīng)越來越受到重視。該論文通過對七十二名以英語為外語的大學生的調(diào)查問卷進行分析，研究性別差異對英語學習者的學習動機，策略運用，以及學習觀念的影響，基于調(diào)查結(jié)果對英語教學提出建議。分析結(jié)果表明英語學習者在學習動機，策略運用，以及學習觀念方面的確存在不同程度的性別差異。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果，該研究建議教師通過各

2、種課堂活動激發(fā)學生對英語國家文化的興趣，針對男、女生性格差異，對其學習策略采取重點不同的培養(yǎng)和訓練，并通過相互溝通的方式鼓勵學生樹立積極的學習態(tài)度，拓展適合于自己的學習方法。此處空一行關(guān)鍵詞：性別差異，學習動機，策略運用，學習觀念小四號宋體加粗，關(guān)鍵詞間以逗號隔開，段后分頁i新起一頁三號Arial體加粗居中Gender Differences in Foreign Language LearningEnglish 02-1 ×××小四號Times New Roman體居中四號Times New Roman體加粗居中，段前段后各設為0.5行Supervisor &#

3、215;××小四號Times New Roman體AbstractGender is one of the learner variables that may play an important role in second language acquisition and foreign language learning, so that research on gender differences related to language has attracted more and more attention. This paper examines the se

4、lf-reported study of 72 university students learning English as a foreign language in China, and focuses on the effects of gender differences on motivation, the use of language learning strategies and beliefs, and teaching implications are provided based on the result of the survey. The analysis rev

5、eals that gender differences do exist in motivation of learning language, the use of language learning strategies as well as beliefs about language learning. Based on the result of the analysis, the study suggests that the teachers should try to arouse the interests of the students learning the cult

6、ure of English-speaking countries, carry out the strategy training according to the differences of the characters of male and female students, and through communication with the students encourage them to develop positive attitude towards their study and explore the methods suitable to their own cha

7、racteristics.此處空一行Key Words: Gender differences, motivation, learning strategies, learners beliefs小四號Times New Roman體加粗，關(guān)鍵詞間以逗號隔開，段后分頁iiAcknowledgements三號Arial體加粗，段后設為1行（內(nèi)容省略）內(nèi)容小四號Times New Roman體iii小四號Times New Roman體加粗三號Arial體居中加粗，段后設為1行ContentsAbstract (Chinese) . iAbstract (English).iiAcknowledg

8、ements.iiiChapter One Introduction.1Chapter Two Theoretical Foundations32.1 Motivation.3小四號Times New Roman體，向右縮進2個字母位置.3.42.2 Learning Strategies.5小四號Times New Roman體，向右縮進4個字母位置.5s.52.3 Learners Beliefs.6（省略）References.21Appendix.23章標題，三號Times New Roman體加粗，段后設為1行小四號Times New Roman體Chapter One Introd

9、uctionLanguage is at the center of human life. Language learning and language teaching are vital to the everyday lives of millions. All forms of language teaching could be greatly improved if we had a better understanding of the language learner and of the language learning process itself. In fact,

10、many studies on English learners have been conducted in China, which indeed provide teachers and researchers with a deep understanding of the actuality of English learning in this country. However, while individual differences have attracted more and more attention, the factors that contribute to th

11、e relationship between gender and motivation, language learning strategies, and learners beliefs have not received adequate recognition.It is at the beginning of the 20th century that scholars started to pay attention to the relationship between gender and language. Research on gender differences re

12、lated to language has focused on cognitive functions. For example, studies have been conducted on a variety of differences among young school children (Robinson, 1996), college students (Stumpf and Stanley, 1996), and adults (Halpern and Wright, 1996) as well as subjects with affective or communicat

13、ive disorder. And other studies are related to language production as in conversation and addressed gender differences in spoken and written language output. Examples include Mulac and Lundell (1994) written discourse. In China, researches on gender language date back to the 1980s, which are mainly

14、about differences in men and women language forms. Most scholars put the focus on language form as related to gender, either by introducing achievements made by researches abroad or by exploring gender and language according to their own experience. And later, some researchers brought the study of g

15、ender and language to a broader scope. From then on, there was an obvious shift from examining language form to exploring communication strategies and speech style (e.g. Xu Lisheng, 2000). （省略）節(jié)標題，四號Times New Roman體加粗Chapter Two Theoretical Foundations2.1 MotivationThe important involvement of motiv

16、ation in learning English as a foreign language has been established for some time. There can be little doubt that motivation is a powerful factor in foreign language learning: most studies investigating the effect of motivation have found a relatively strong correlation between motivation and langu

17、age learning success, with many finding motivation to be the most significant predictor of achievement (e.g. Oxford, 1993). Motivation has also been found to affect the use of language learning strategies, with highly motivated students generally employing strategies more frequently than less motiva

18、ted students in many types of foreign language programs (Ehrman and Oxford, 1989).條標題，小四號Times New Roman斜體加粗，段前設為一行Although motivation is a term frequently used in both educational and research contexts, there is little agreement as to the exact meaning of this concept. The term has a number of diff

19、erent interpretations, and it has come to be used in different ways by different people.A simple definition is provided by Keller (1983) in current psychology: “motivation refers to the choices people make as to what experiences or goals they will approach or avoid, and the degree of effort they wil

20、l exert in that respect” (Crookes and Schmidt, 1991: 481). This definition gives readers an initial idea about what motivation is. By this definition, motivation includes making choices and exerting efforts.Kanfer (1992) developed the definition of motivation by indicating that motivation refers to

21、“the direction of attentional effort, the proportion of total attentional effort directed to the task (intensity), and the extent to which attentional effort toward the task is maintained over time (persistence)”.（省略）新起一頁，四號Arial體加粗居中，段后設為1行五號Times New Roman體ReferencesBacon, S. M. & Finneman, M.

22、 D. Sex differences in self-reported beliefs about foreign language learning and authentic oral and written input. Language Learning. 1992, 4: 471-495.Boyle, J.P. Sex differences in listening vocabulary. Language Learning. 1985. 2: 273-284. Brown, H.D. Breaking the Language Barrier. Intercultural Pr

23、ess, Inc. 1991.Deci, E. L. & R. M. Ryan. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum. 1985.Ellis, R. Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1985.五號宋體Halpern, D. F. & Wright, T. M. A process-oriented model of cognitive sex differences. Learning