2016新課標(biāo)三維英語必修四unit1-S

1、Section_Grammar_主謂一致語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.Jane warns u

2、s that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.Ten hours has passed since I came here.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)句中g(shù)roup強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，故其后謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；句中的family和句中的group強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，故其后謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)句中的主語為動名詞短語，故其謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。(3)表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量衡等名詞作主語時(shí)，常表示一個(gè)整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如句。謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫主謂一致

3、。主謂一致的應(yīng)用主要有以下幾種情況：一、名詞作主語主語謂語動詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞people, police, cattle等復(fù)數(shù)family, class, group, team類集體名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)整體單數(shù)強(qiáng)調(diào)成員復(fù)數(shù)只作不可數(shù)名詞用的集體名詞clothing, equipment, furniture, jewellery等單數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞means, sheep, works, deer, fish等根據(jù)其表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定The public was kept in the dark about the matter.關(guān)于這件事情公眾

4、被蒙在鼓里。The public now come to know the whole story.人們現(xiàn)在越來越清楚那是怎么回事了。The football team is being rebuilt.(他們)正在重建這個(gè)足球隊(duì)。The football team are having baths and then they are coming here for tea.足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡，然后他們會到這里喝茶。名師點(diǎn)津goods, clothes, earnings, remains等作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。即時(shí)演練1用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Land is (be) valuable.

5、Not an inch of land is (be) allowed to waste.The children are (be) very fond of playing farm games.The police have (have) caught the criminal.The equipment of our factory is (be) all imported from Britain.Each means has (have) been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.(安徽高考改編)Walmart, w

6、hich is one of the largest American supermarket chains, keeps (keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.His family is (be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family.My family are (be) going on a trip this summer.二、數(shù)量概念詞作主語主語謂語動詞表示單位數(shù)量，指時(shí)間、金錢、距離、長度、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語單數(shù)the

7、 rest/part (of)及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等根據(jù)所指代或修飾的名詞而定a number of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)the number of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)a quantity of/quantities of根據(jù)quantity的形式而定more than one/many a可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)單數(shù)one of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.我們學(xué)校大約百分之五十的學(xué)生是女生。Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.在深海處抓了很多魚。The

8、re is a large quantity of milk.有大量的牛奶。名師點(diǎn)津(1)“more復(fù)數(shù)名詞than one”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。More children than one are playing in the shade of the tree.不止一個(gè)孩子在樹蔭下玩。(2)在“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。只有one之前出現(xiàn)the only, the very等修飾語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動詞才用單數(shù)形式。試比較：He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通

9、過這次考試的學(xué)生之一。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是通過這次考試的唯一的學(xué)生。即時(shí)演練2(1)對比填空(用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)A number of new houses were built there three years ago.At present, the number of the unemployed is still increasing.A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge.Quantities of time wer

10、e spent in saving the wounded.The rest of the lecture is dull.The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.(2)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(陜西高考改編)It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area.三、不定代詞作主語主語謂語動詞either, each (of), anyone, somebody, everything, no one等單數(shù)both/few

11、/many/several (of)等復(fù)數(shù)all/some/most (of)指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)none (of)指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)單、復(fù)數(shù)均可指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我們開會吧。None of them knows/know the answers.他們中沒有人知道答案。None of the information about him has been received.一點(diǎn)也沒收到關(guān)于他的消息。Most of the students in t

12、his class are good at mathematics.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生多半數(shù)學(xué)很好。即時(shí)演練3補(bǔ)全句子All are_eager_to reach an agreement.大家都急于達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。All is_well that ends well.結(jié)果好，一切都好。None of the telephones is/are_working.電話中沒有一部是好用的。四、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語主語謂語動詞由both . and .連接復(fù)數(shù)由either . or ., neither . nor ., or, not only . but also ., not . but .連接就近一致B

13、oth eggs and milk are good for your health.雞蛋和牛奶都對你的健康有好處。Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.學(xué)生和老師都不知道這件事。名師點(diǎn)津(1)and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前若有no, each, every, many a等修飾，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。The writer and poet was dead yesterday.那位作家兼詩人昨天去世了。(同一個(gè)人，注意poet前無冠詞。)Al

14、l work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。Every hour and every minute is important.每一小時(shí)和每一分鐘都很重要。即時(shí)演練4用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Each teacher and each student was (be) given a ticket.Not only he but also all his family are (be) keen on concerts.Are (be) you or he good at English?Not only the students

15、but also the teacher wants (want) to go climbing.Every boy and every girl likes (like) the film star.(湖南高考改編)All we need is (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.五、其他情況情況謂語動詞主語后有with, like, along/together with, as well a

16、s, rather than類短語與主語一致there be句式中就近一致不定式、動名詞作主語通常為單數(shù)主語從句作主語通常為單數(shù)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語與先行詞一致Steve, together with his wife and children, is arriving tonight.史蒂夫跟妻子和孩子們將于今晚到達(dá)。There is some paper, a dictionary and five books on the desk.桌子上有一些紙、一部字典和五本書。Reading often means learning.讀書常意味著學(xué)習(xí)。Mr.Smith, who is now

17、downstairs, is asking to see you.史密斯先生要見你，他現(xiàn)在就在樓下。名師點(diǎn)津(1)多個(gè)不定式、動名詞作主語表示不同概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，謂語動詞根據(jù)從句所指的內(nèi)容而定。What he said has been recorded.他說的話已被錄音。What I say and think are none of your business.我說什么、想什么與你無關(guān)。即時(shí)演練5(1)補(bǔ)全句子What we badly need are_good_teachers.我們急需的是好老師。To prevent the air from b

18、eing polluted is_what_were_now_researching.防止空氣污染是我們正在研究的課題。Whether they will hold a party or not has_not_been_decided.他們還沒有決定是否開派對。(2)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(湖南高考改編)The university estimates that living expenses for international students are (be) around $8,450 a year, which is (be) a burden for some of them.(陜

19、西高考改編)The basketball coach, as well as his team, was (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Either you or the president is (be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.2I, who am (be) your close friend, will try my best to help yo

20、u out of trouble.3The Olympic Games in the year 2016 were (be) held in Rio, which is (be) known to us all.4There was (be) a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep it up.5Three million tons of coal is (be) exploited every year in the city.6Stories of the Long March is (be) popular with

21、the young people now.7Mathematics is (be) the language of science.8Both rice and wheat are (be) grown in our country.9Has (have) either of your parents come to see you recently?10What the children in the mountain village need are (be) good books.單句寫作1A large quantity of storybooks has_been_bought fo

22、r the children.(學(xué)校)為孩子們買了大量的故事書。2Believe it or not, everyone here has_a_gift_for_music.信不信由你，這里的每個(gè)人都有音樂天賦。3Neither the students nor the teacher knows_the_reason_why_she_didnt_turn_up.學(xué)生和老師都不知道她沒到場的原因。4All the furniture has_been_moved_to another room.所有家具都已經(jīng)被搬到了另一個(gè)房間里。5My neighbour and colleague is_watering_the_flowers.我的鄰居，也是我的同事，正在澆花。6Many a student was_on_the_spot when the accident happened.當(dāng)事故發(fā)生時(shí)，許多學(xué)生在現(xiàn)場。7The number of the people who know the s