教案課時(shí)4Grammarandusage

1、牛津高中英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)單元：Unit 4 Public transport板塊：Grammar and usageThoughts on the design:本課將分別從四個方面具體介紹現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法（a v-ed or a v-ing like an adjective, a v-ed or a v-ing like an adverb, passive and perfect forms of v-ing, the subject of v-ing or v-ed clause）。由于學(xué)生在上語法課時(shí)，往往會思想不集中或有枯燥厭倦之感，所以，教師采用“悟、導(dǎo)、練”的教學(xué)方法，即首

2、先呈現(xiàn)一些典型例句，讓學(xué)生通過朗讀自己領(lǐng)悟語言規(guī)則，然后再引導(dǎo)他們在對比分析的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)。最后配一些相應(yīng)的練習(xí)（填詞、選擇題、句型轉(zhuǎn)換等）或創(chuàng)設(shè)各種真實(shí)的情境，來幫助學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識。這樣的設(shè)計(jì)旨在激活學(xué)生的思維，調(diào)動其學(xué)習(xí)積極性，提高課堂效率。Teaching aims:After learning this period, students will be able to1. understand how the v-ed or a v-ing can be used as adjective;2. understand how the v-ed or a v-ing can

3、 be used as adverb;3. summarize the rules in which a v-ed or a v-ing is used;4. learn to use v-ed or v-ing in correct way according to different contexts.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead inGuide students to read the following passage and help them to analyze the function of the v-ing used in the pass

4、age. (PPT4)Cars are the leading ( ) causes of air pollution in the world today. Realizing ( ) how serious the problem has become, the government has been encouraging people to walk, cycle or make better use of the underground system.Answers:定語 adj. 狀語 adv. Explanation 教師可以根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容靈活運(yùn)用教材中的練習(xí)。如，將57頁上練習(xí)A

5、的篇章進(jìn)行適當(dāng)改寫后，作為本課的導(dǎo)入，旨在幫助學(xué)生通過語篇來感悟現(xiàn)在分詞做定語和狀語的功能，為后面的教學(xué)做好鋪墊。Step 2 Grammar Points Part one a v-ed or a v-ing like an adjective1. Help the students understand how they can use a v-ing like an adjective by analysing the sentences given and then draw a conclusion by themselves. (PPT5) She sat beside the w

6、indow, watching the falling leaves floating in the air. It was an exciting match.Conclusion: it usually expresses an action that is going on, or what something is like.Explanation 向?qū)W生呈現(xiàn)一些典型例句，讓他們通過朗讀來體會現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞的用法。1. Help students understand the differences between v-ed and v-ing when used like adje

7、ctive. While doing this, students are supposed to read the following sentences and try to analyze when v-ed can be used . (PPT6) The police found the stolen car. There was a thick layer of fallen leaves on the ground. Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.Answers: express passive m

8、eaning, refer to a finished action, tell how we feel about sth.Explanation 通過對比，幫助學(xué)生分析現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作形容詞時(shí)的差別。2. Help students use v-ed or v-ing as adjective in real context. (PPT7)show the picture of Harry Porter and ask students to fill in the blanks with suitable words. Have you read the book _ to him?

9、 (relate)It is a book _ by J.K. Rowling. Its an_book most teenagers like. (write, interest)Will you feel _ if Harry Porter is your teacher? (excite)Answers: related, written, interesting, excitedPart two a v-ed or a v-ing like an adverb1. Ask students to read the following sentences and to analyze w

10、hen v-ed or v-ing can be as adverb. In this activity, students are supposed to discuss in pairs. (PPT8-11) Sentences Situations 1) Realizing he would have to take two different trains, he decided to take a taxi instead.2) Encouraged by the success of the Metropolitan Railway Company, Metropolitan Di

11、strict Railway opened another line in 1868.3) Traveling through the tunnel, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise.4) When asked how old the underground system was, she made no reply.5) The train headed for London, puffing and rattling.6) He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.7

12、) Turning to the left at the crossroads, you will see the railway station on your right.8) Given another chance, Ill do it much better. Answers: express reason or cause , refer to time, express manner,express condition2. In order to help the students have a better understanding of the knowledge ment

13、ioned above, ask them to rewrite the following sentences with proper conjunctions. (PPT12) Being ill, he didnt go to school._ he was ill, he didnt go to school. Walking in the street, he met a friend. _ I walked in the street, I met a friend. He watched TV, drinking beer. He watched TV_ drank beer.

14、Given more time, I would finish the work on time. _.Explanation 填寫連詞練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生更好地理解分詞作狀語的功能。Answers: Because, when, and, If I were given more time, I would finish the work on time.Help the students use v-ed of v-ing as adverb in real context. (PPT13) _ the picture, I feel very funny. (see)_so many thi

15、ngs, the cat felt very tired. (carry)The cat carried many things, _.(sing)_ more money, I would buy more presents for my wife. (give) Answers: Seeing, Carrying, singing, GivenExplanation 在真實(shí)的情境中選用分詞的適當(dāng)形式可以加深學(xué)生對其語法功能的理解。Part three Passive and perfect forms of v-ing1. Ask students to read the followin

16、g sentences and fill in the diagram. (PPT14) The underground system being built in the city will be open next year. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes tried to improve the system. Having been developed over many years, the underground system is now able to tran

17、sport millions of people effectively.被動進(jìn)行式主動完成式 被動完成式Answers:  being + done, having + done,  having been + done2. Ask students to rewrite the following sentences with passive and perfect forms of v-ing. (PPT15) It is said that the second line of Nanjing Underground is being built and

18、it will reach Ma Qun. After the government has realized how serious the financial crisis is, it has been taking many measures to help people out of difficulty. After the plan had been revised many times, it was carried out last month. Answers: It is said that the second line of Nanjing Underground b

19、eing built will reach Ma Qun. Having realized how serious the financial crisis is, the government has been taking many measures to help people out of difficulty. Having been revised many times, the plan was carried out last month. Explanation 句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)不但可以幫助學(xué)生鞏固現(xiàn)在分詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)的用法，而且也有利于提高學(xué)生的寫作水平。3. Ask st

20、udents to make right choice. (PPT16) _ the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, our government took some measures to improve the underground system. A. Having compared B. Compared C. Having been compared D. being compared Answer: APart four the subject of v-ing or v-ed cla

21、use 1. Ask the students whether we can rewrite the previous sentence into “Having compared the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, some measures were taken by our government to improve the underground system.” If the students find it difficult to judge, the teacher can sh

22、ow another sentence and help them analyze the subjects of v-ing clause and main clause in each sentence. So that the students can make a right judgment and explain the reason. (PPT17) Having compared the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, some measures were taken by our

23、government to improve the underground system. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.Reason for the judgment: The understood subject of v-ing or v-ed clause is always the same as the subject of the main clause.Explanation 學(xué)生在遇到困難時(shí)，教師可以給予適當(dāng)?shù)奶崾?，引?dǎo)他們自己分析問題、解決問題，從而提高自學(xué)能力。2Help student use

24、proper forms of words to fill in the blank with the help of the picture. (PPT18) _ this public service advertisement, we think(see) _ on internet or other media, the public service advertisement can call on more people to (show)Answers: Seeing, Shown Explanation 該幻燈片起過渡作用，從“Having been trapped in traffic”聯(lián)想到環(huán)