6定語(yǔ)從句（二）

1、語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破之六語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破之六 定語(yǔ)從句（二）定語(yǔ)從句（二） 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破什么是定語(yǔ)？指出下面句子的定語(yǔ)什么是定語(yǔ)？指出下面句子的定語(yǔ)Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country.There are 30 woman teachers in our school.His rapid progress in English made ussurprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.以上句子中的定語(yǔ)都有單詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，以上句子中的定

2、語(yǔ)都有單詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，但如果是復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)就應(yīng)用定語(yǔ)從句但如果是復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)就應(yīng)用定語(yǔ)從句如：住在我們學(xué)校的那個(gè)老人是個(gè)退休工人如：住在我們學(xué)校的那個(gè)老人是個(gè)退休工人The old man who lives in our school is a retired woker.我哥哥昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)非常有趣我哥哥昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)非常有趣The book which my brother bought yesterday ie very interesting.二、定語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)二、定語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從

3、句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句My brother who lives in the USA has 6 children.My brother, who lives in the USA, has 6 children.限定性定語(yǔ)與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限定性定語(yǔ)與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別從形式，連接詞，用途從形式，連接詞，用途基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)回顧基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)回顧: 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞及其意義及其意義關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞： 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 who,whom ,whose,which, that ,aswhen, wh

4、ere ,whyWho 指人，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指人，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)The boy who is standing under the tree is our monitor.Whom指人，在句中作賓語(yǔ)，常可省略指人，在句中作賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷訵hose通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定語(yǔ)通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定語(yǔ)The boy whom I spoke to just now isadmitted to a famous university. That is the boy whose mother is a disabled women.The room whose windows f

5、ace south is our dorm.Which指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，常可省略指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷訢id you see the letter which came today？This is the book which I told you about.That 既可指人也可指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，既可指人也可指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷宰髻e語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I

6、went to the place _I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when,where,why及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 1.that與與which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 2.對(duì)對(duì)the way的考

7、查的考查 3.介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 1.對(duì)對(duì)where的考查的考查 2.as的使用的使用 3.綜合考查綜合考查考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)1) Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3) Who is the man _ is standing there?4) Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.5) She heard a terrible noise， _ brough

8、t her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1：that 與與 which1:先行詞是先行詞是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等等不定代詞或不定代詞或 由不定代詞由不定代詞any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等等修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí), 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用that不用不用 which。2：先行詞被形容詞：先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)最高級(jí)或或序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞修飾且指物時(shí)修飾且指物時(shí), 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)

9、從句用that 。3: 先行詞中先行詞中既既有人又有事物有人又有事物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用 that 。4:先行詞被先行詞被the very, the only,the last等修飾且指物時(shí)等修飾且指物時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用that。5：當(dāng)先行詞前面：當(dāng)先行詞前面有有who/which等疑問(wèn)代詞等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)，只用時(shí)，只用 that。填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he exp

10、lained to us was quite simple.that/ which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺狀語(yǔ)缺狀語(yǔ)缺賓語(yǔ)缺賓語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2：the way用做先行詞用做先行詞3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北）湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which高考題鏈接：高考題鏈接：考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3：介詞：介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is

11、 talking?2. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.5. (06浙江浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. whichto whomwith whichon whichThis is the child whom/ that I will take car

12、e of.4. 譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3：介詞：介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away. to inAre these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系

13、代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可見(jiàn)可見(jiàn),who、that 不能用與介詞之后不能用與

14、介詞之后 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從

15、句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定4.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞數(shù)詞/ /代詞代詞 + + of + of + 關(guān)

16、系代詞關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的確定5. Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”型，如：型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in

17、a house, the door of which open to the south.1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our te

18、acher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year

19、.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom which to whomof which介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 練習(xí)練習(xí)1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有

20、可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。 where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。難點(diǎn)一：難點(diǎn)一：where的用法的用法解析：解析：如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾point, situation, degree, 和和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思引導(dǎo)，意思是是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中到了某種地步，在某種境況中” 。注意注意1 11.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down

21、together and talk. （山東）（山東） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （江西）（江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /高考題鏈接：高考題鏈接：做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)淖鲱}要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞。 注意注意若定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用若定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用which或或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從

22、句。The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.wherewhichwhich注意注意區(qū)分區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句where前面有被修飾的地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，是定語(yǔ)從前面有被修飾的地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，是定語(yǔ)從句，否則是狀語(yǔ)從句。句，否則是狀語(yǔ)從句。When you read books,

23、you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all

24、that the earth is round.Itas AsItas 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用as難點(diǎn)二：難點(diǎn)二：as的用法的用法as與與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用可以互換，但下列情況多用as。1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句居句首時(shí)。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句居句首時(shí)。

25、e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 當(dāng)與當(dāng)與such,sosuch,so或或the samethe same連用時(shí)，用連用時(shí)，用asas。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用當(dāng)從句和主句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用as，反之，反之則用則用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, wh

26、ich wasunexpected.Go on please!4. as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句 (1)This is the

27、same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:這本書(shū)和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書(shū)和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書(shū)就是我丟的那本。這本書(shū)就是我丟的那本。as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句 (2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so inter

28、esting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書(shū)。這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書(shū)。(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句)這本書(shū)如此有趣，大家都喜歡。這本書(shū)如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)綜合考查一：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句綜合考查一：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句難點(diǎn)三：綜合考查難點(diǎn)三：綜合考查 近年來(lái)，高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、近年來(lái)，高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等的綜合考查越來(lái)越多，這就要名詞性從句和狀

29、語(yǔ)從句等的綜合考查越來(lái)越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。友情提示友情提示 It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾house，where在定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ) 從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為 I met the young man in the house.) 試比較：試比較： wherethat1

30、.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. where定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. whenhave a try 定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“的的”。而同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與而同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)

31、說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞，同位的名詞必須是一些表事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞，如如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。等。that在定語(yǔ)從句中在定語(yǔ)從句中作成分，可用作成分，可用which 或或who/whom代替；而代替；而that在同位在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較：試比較： We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句，that從句表示從句表示news的內(nèi)容，的內(nèi)容，tha

32、t 在從句在從句 中不作任何成分中不作任何成分) We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. (定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句，that 作作told 的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)) 綜合考查二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句綜合考查二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句綜合考查二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句綜合考查二：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/whichthat/which綜合

33、考查三：定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句綜合考查三：定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （江蘇）（江蘇） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 試比較：試比較： He left the key where he had been an hour before. (where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于i

34、n the place where) He left the place where he lived for many years. (where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the place) He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句) He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,suchthat “如此如此以以致致”) 綜合考查四：定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句綜合考查四：定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句

35、 試比較：試比較： As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主語(yǔ)，代替做形式主語(yǔ)，代替that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句) 綜合考查五：定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句綜合考查五：定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句高考真題練習(xí)高考真題練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句部分定語(yǔ)從句部分（共（共14題）題）1. His movie won several

36、awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. 上海卷上海卷 A. which B. that C. where D. it2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. 山東卷山東卷 A. that B. there C. which D. where AD3. The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great charges. 山東卷山東卷

37、A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 安徽卷安徽卷A.none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whomDD5. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. 北京卷北京卷A. that B. which C. what D. whom6. By serving others,