高考專題之被動語態(tài)條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句

1、.高考專題之被動語態(tài)、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句課程目的一、學(xué)習(xí)目的1. 條件狀語從句及其連詞的用法。2. 讓步狀語從句及其連詞的用法。3. 被動語態(tài)。二、重點、難點重點：條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句及被動語態(tài)。難點：讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句的區(qū)別。三、考情分析這三種語法是高考考察的重點語法，歷年考題中占有重要的地位，一般能在單項選擇中占3-4分；在完形填空中也能占2-3分；我們復(fù)習(xí)時要特別注意這幾種語法及其做題技巧，認(rèn)真研究近幾年的高考題。知識梳理一、條件狀語從句【教材原句】If you say the word “communication, most people think of wor

2、ds and sentences.假如你說單詞“交流，大部分人會想到單詞和句式。If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.假如我們的右手忙著問候別人，它就不可能握有武器。考點1 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的附屬連詞【用法】連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等?！纠洹縔ou can leave now if you like. 假如你愿意如今就可以走了。As long a

3、s it doesnt rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我們就可以去。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記，請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌?。I will come on condition that she is invited too. 假如邀請她來, 那我就來。He may go with us provided providing he arrives in time. 他假設(shè)及時到達，就可以和我們一起走?！究碱}鏈接】 they decide which college to go to, students should rese

4、arch the admission procedures.A. As B. While C. Until D. Once答案：D 解題思路：句意：一旦他們決定去哪個大學(xué)，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該搜索入學(xué)手續(xù)。once 一旦，根據(jù)句意選擇D。考點2 條件狀語從句的時態(tài)【用法】當(dāng)主句為將來時態(tài)或具有將來意義時，條件狀語從句通常要用一般如今時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。【例句】Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.假如你不是太累的話，讓我們出去漫步。Ill stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就

5、呆在家里。【考題鏈接】We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _ well. A. is workingB. worksC. will be workingD. worked答案：B 解題思路：句意：假如你的那個新經(jīng)濟方案效果不好的話，我們今年會失去很多錢。在條件狀語從句中，假如主句用一般將來時態(tài)，那么從句用一般如今時態(tài)表示將來意義?？键c3 if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種【用法】真實條件句表示現(xiàn)實情況中可能實現(xiàn)的情況。非真實條件句也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實情況相反的假設(shè)情

6、況?！纠洹縄f it rains tomorrow, we wont go on a picnic.真實條件句假如明天下雨，我們就不去野餐了。If I were you, I would go with him. 非真實條件句假如我是你，我會跟他一道去?！究碱}鏈接】1. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. untilC. if D. unless答案：C 解題思路：句意：遇到嚴(yán)重的事故時，假如我們理解一些根底的急救

7、知識，我們就能挽救生命。if假如；unless假如不。2. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill, wouldnt be B. had been ill, wouldnt have beenC. had been ill, should have been D. hadnt been ill, could be答案：A 解題思路：句意：瑪麗今天病了。假如她不病，她就不會缺課了。根據(jù)句意可知是虛擬語氣的句子，并且指的是和如今事實相反的虛擬，故從句用一般過去時，而主句用would +do,故答案選

8、A。即學(xué)即練1. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with答案：B 解題思路：句意：我們都理解，這種狀況假如不認(rèn)真處理，會變的更糟。此題考察條件狀語從句及省略。當(dāng)主語和主句的主語一致并且有be時，省略主語和be; B項等于if the situation is not carefully de

9、alt with,。2. _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even thoughB. Unless C. As long asD. While答案：C 解題思路：句意：只要我知道錢是平安的，我就不會擔(dān)憂了。even though即使；unless除非；as long as只要；while盡管。二、讓步狀語從句考點1 whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。注意1

10、：whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，可以換用，意為：無論，都。注意2：解這一類題目時，要注意連詞在讓步狀語從句中所作的句子成分，另外，還要注意從句的語序?！纠洹縒hoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.不管是誰干的這事，早晚要被抓住并受到懲罰。Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are.有些人可

11、以隨遇而安?！究碱}鏈接】1. _ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although答案：A 解題思路：此題考察however的用法。句意：無論你準(zhǔn)備的多么充分，在爬山時仍需要運氣。however等于no matter how,但no matter不能單獨用。句中的well是副詞，所以用however, 而不用whatever。2. No matter how , it is not necessaril

12、y lifelessA. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be答案：B 解題思路：句意：沙漠無論多么枯燥，它也肯定有生命。讓步狀語從句的順序必須是陳述語序，故排除A、C和D。考點2 although/though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。【用法】1. although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時意為“盡管，雖然，二者一般可以換用。要注意although 和though不能和but連用，但可以和yet或still連用。2. as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語

13、從句，多使用倒裝句。通常假如從句中有形容詞或名詞作表語，那么把表語置于句首，而且名詞前要省略冠詞；假如從句中有修飾動詞的副詞，那么將該副詞置于句首；假如從句中有情態(tài)動詞，那么將情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形置于句首?！纠洹緼lthough/Though he was exhausted,still he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。Though I believe it, yet I must consider.盡管我相信這一點，但我還得考慮考慮。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. =Tho

14、ugh he works hard, he makes little progress.盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒獲得什么進步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么?！究碱}鏈接】1._this is only a small town, its crowded with tourists who come here all year round.

15、A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although答案：D 解題思路：句意：這僅是個小鎮(zhèn)，但這里一年到頭擠滿了游客。although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。since意為“自從；unless意為“除非；once意為“一旦。2. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound答案：D

16、解題思路：句意：盡管聽起來很奇怪。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,常放在作表語、狀語或謂語的一部分的形容詞、名詞、副詞或動詞原形之后。假如是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級作表語，那么不再用冠詞?？键c3 even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句【用法】even if/even though意為“即使，盡管，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的內(nèi)容既可以是事實，也可以是一種假設(shè)?！纠洹縒ell make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor, she loves him. =He may be

17、 poor, yet she loves him.即使他很窮，但她還是愛他?！究碱}鏈接】Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it was valuable. A. as if B. now thatC. even thoughD. so that答案：C 解題思路：句意：盡管他們知道他的建議很有價值，但許多人都不理睬。even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管。as if意為“好似。now that意為“既然。so that意為“以便。考點4 while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句【用法】while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

18、，意為“盡管，雖然，相當(dāng)于although。【例句】While I like the colour, I dont like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀?！究碱}鏈接】_ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As答案：B 解題思路：句意：網(wǎng)絡(luò)有很大的幫助，我認(rèn)為花太多的時間在上面沒有好處?？疾鞝钫Z從句附屬連詞的選用，根據(jù)題干含義，顯然需要一個表轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步的詞，即while

19、，盡管。而A是假如，表條件，C是因為，表原因，D是因為和像，表原因和方式?？键c5 whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句?！居梅ā縲hetheror引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管還是?！纠洹縒hether you believe it or not, its true.無論你是否相信，這都是真的。Whether or not they win this battle, they wont win the war.不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役，他們絕不會贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭。【考題鏈接】All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been

20、trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however答案：B 來源:1解題思路：句意：所有人，無論老少、窮富，都在盡力幫助那些災(zāi)難后急需幫助的人。此題考察固定詞組搭配。whetheror表示“無論還是。即學(xué)即練1. _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. WhileB. OnceC. If D. Until答案：A 解題思路：考察

21、狀語從句。句意為:盡管我總是會感到我能通過考試,但是我從沒有想過我會得個“優(yōu)。A項while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表盡管,符合句意;B項once一旦,曾經(jīng);C項if 假如；D項until直到。2. _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. HoweverB. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever答案：A 解題思路：考察狀語從句。句意為:無論你多么努力地嘗試,在不減少你的食量的情況下很難減肥。A項however無論如何,不管怎樣,符合

22、句意。B項whatever無論什么樣;C項whichever無論哪一個;D項whenever無論何時。3. Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only答案：A 解題思路：考察連詞。句意為：看看那些烏云!別擔(dān)憂。即使下雨,我們?nèi)匀粫娴煤荛_心。even if雖然,即使;as though好似,仿佛;in case萬一,以防;if only要是就好了。4. Hot _ the night air was,

23、 we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however答案：B 解題思路：考察狀語從句和倒裝。句意為：盡管晚間的空氣很熱,我們還是睡得很沉,因為走了那么長的路程后我們累壞了。句子前半部分為讓步狀語從句,A項、B項、C項都可表示“盡管,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但此句用了倒裝,表語hot 提早,只有as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序, although與while 不能用倒裝,所以B項符合題意。三、被動語態(tài)【教材原句】【根本用法】1. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：

24、be + 過去分詞，口語中也可以用get / become + 過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的根本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時常用被動語態(tài)by短語有時可以省略。2. 不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)時態(tài)動詞形式一般如今時am / is / are +過去分詞 p.p.一般過去時was / were + p.p.一般將來時shall / will + be + p.p.如今進展時am / is / are + being + p.p.過去進展時was / were + being + p.p.如今完成時has / have + been + p.p.過去完成時had

25、 been + p.p.過去將來時should / would + be + p.p.【例句】The book has been translated into many languages.這本書已經(jīng)譯成了許多語言。The machine parts may be needed in our work.這些機器零件在我們工作中可能被用到?！究碱}鏈接】把以下句子變成被動語態(tài)1. He plants flowers every year. 2. I wrote a letter yesterday. 3. We must obey the school rules. 4. I wont beli

26、eve his story. 5. They have planted a lot of trees since 1990. 6. A friend is playing the piano. 7. I was mending the bike when Tom came in. 答案：1. Flowers are planted by him every year.2. A letter was written by me yesterday.3. The school rules must be obeyed by us.4. His story wont be believed by m

27、e.5. A lot of trees have been planted by them since 1990.6. The piano is being played by a friend.7. The bike was being mended by me when Tom came in.【特別提醒】1. 當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：A. 謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。B. 用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示?！纠洹縋eople know pap

28、er was made in China first.=It is known that paper was made in China first.=Paper was known to be made in China first.人們知道紙張是中國先創(chuàng)造的。類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 【考題鏈接】句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. People suggest that the farmers must grow crops in proper time. 2. We advise that peo

29、ple should respect the rules.答案：1. It is suggested that the farmers must grow crops in proper time.2. It is advised that people should respect the rules.People are advised to respect the rules.2. 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。【用法】所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、la

30、st、look like、consist to等。表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意圖的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。賓語是反身代詞或互相代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時，常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等?！纠洹縏he books belong to me.這些書是我的。The kind of shoes sells well.這種鞋賣的很好。The cake tas

31、tes very good.這個蛋糕嘗起來很好吃。以上句子都不能變成被動【考題鏈接】1. He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A. is belonged B. belonged C. belongs D. is belonging 答案：C 解題思路：此題考察時態(tài)、語態(tài)和belong的用法。belong沒有被動語態(tài)和進展時態(tài)，故排除A和D；第二句中this one是句子的主語，he uses是省略that的定語從句，根據(jù)he does和he uses可知應(yīng)用一般如今時態(tài)，應(yīng)選C。2. Food supplies

32、in the flood-stricken area_. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run outD. are being run out答案：B 解題思路：考察時態(tài)和語態(tài)。run out是不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),排除C、D;由第二句中的before theres none left可知,run out是將要發(fā)生的動作,應(yīng)用將來時。have run out是如今完成時,表示動作的完成;are running out是進展時,可以表將來,應(yīng)選B。句意：供給洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立即采取行動。即學(xué)即練1. The flowers were so lovely that they_ in no time. A. sold B. had been soldC. were sold D. would sell答案：C 解題思路：考察動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，與主句的時態(tài)