初中英語語法之一動詞

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上動詞一，類 別 意 義 例 子 例 句 1.行為/實義動詞 含有實在的意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨立作謂語。 1)及物動詞 :后面一定接賓語 open, visit, hear He visited Gaozhou yesterday. 2)不及物動詞 后面可以不接賓語 laugh, cry, live He lives in Beijing . 2連系動詞 本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。 be, become, grow, get, turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem The me

2、at smells bad . He is a student . 3.助動詞 本身沒有詞義，不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)或其他語法形式 do, does, did, am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would He doesnt speak English . We are playing football . He had gone to Beijing . 4.情態(tài)動詞 本身有一定的意義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)

3、的變化。 can, may, must, should, need, dare, shall, will, have to She can speak English . May I speak to Ann, please、 We must go now . 注：動詞（除情態(tài)動詞，只有原形和過去式）有原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、動詞ing、動詞過去式、動詞過去分詞五種形式。二 關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞：常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need, used to等,另外,ha

4、ve to、had better也當作情態(tài)動詞使用。情態(tài)動詞后面必須加動詞的原形。1.can/could：表示能力，could主要指過去時間。可以=be able to。例如：I can draw. = I am able to draw.可能，表示一種推測。例如：It cant be Tom, hes in Beijing now.那不可能是Tom，他現(xiàn)在在北京。3）表示允許。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-ro

5、om. 他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。2.表示請求、詢問的情態(tài)動詞：1） may (might) 1）表請求,允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現(xiàn)在時間，語氣更委婉。: 例如:May I help you?我能幫助你嗎？ He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。表示推測，例如：The blue shirt may be Mikes.那件藍色的襯衫可能是Mike的。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。2）would: 例如：Would you like a cup of tea?來杯

6、咖啡怎么樣？3）could: 例如：Could you please give a pencil?能給我一只鉛筆嗎？4）shall：后接第一、三人稱，will：后接第二人稱。3.表示要求的情態(tài)動詞 1）should 應(yīng)該。例如：We should keep the water clean. 我們應(yīng)該保持水的潔凈。2）need需要。這里要強調(diào)的是need有兩種詞性：情態(tài)動詞和實意動詞，后面直接加動詞原形，例如：You neednt do your homework now.你不需要現(xiàn)在寫作業(yè)。但當need作為實意動詞出現(xiàn)時，need to do。例1：I dont need to find my

7、 key now.我要找到我的鑰匙3must 1) 表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”（主觀意志）2)表示推測，意為“想必、準是、一定”等例1：I must do my homework. Its eight oclock.例2：Whos singing next door？It must be Mike._還要注意的是由于must有兩種含義，所以must的否定形式也有所不同，下面是它的三種否定形式：例1：You mustnt talk in class._例2：Must I do my homework now, mum? No, you neednt/dont have to._例3：That mus

8、t be_ Mr. Smith.No, it cant be_ him. He is in New York now.4had better=d better表示 “最好”例如：Youd better eat less sweets, or you will be fatter.你最好少吃些糖，否則會更胖的。5have to 不得不做某事_ .與must不同_專練：（ ）1. The baby is too young. You _ give her big pieces of food. A. may B. must C. may not D. must not （ ）2. Whos tha

9、t boy reading in the garden? It _ be David. I saw him in the classroom just now. A. must B. cant C. may D. shouldnt （ ）3. Thomas, please be quiet. The others _ hear very well.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt （ ）4. Have you seen my glasses? I _ find them. Sorry, I havent seen them. A. cant B.

10、shouldnt C. wont D. mustnt （ ）5. _ you speak Japanese? No, I cant. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should （ ）9. Will you answer the telephone? It _ be your mother. Sorry. I _. Im busy. A. can; mustnt B. will; cant C. may; cant D. need; will （ ）10. Im sure this book _ Li Leis, because there is his name on i

11、t. A. cant be B. may be C. might be D. must be （ ）11. Is Mr. Brown driving here? Im not sure. He _ come by train. A. may B. shall C. need D. must （ ）12. Listen! Is Professor Bloom giving a speech in class? No, it _ be him. He has gone to France. A. may not B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant （ ）13. Four hun

12、dred dollars for a pair of shoes, you _ be joking! A. may B. can C. need D. must ( )14Must I practice the violin now ,mom?-No, you _. You can go out for a walk. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. neednt三動詞時態(tài) 在初中英語中，共有八個時態(tài)需要掌握。它們是:1.一般現(xiàn)在時2.一般過去時3.一般將來時4.過去將來時5.現(xiàn)在進行時6.過去進行時7.現(xiàn)在完成時8.過去完成時一）.一般現(xiàn)在時A.一般現(xiàn)在時的

13、使用及時間標志一般現(xiàn)在時表示一個習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。(every，on Sundays, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never)自然規(guī)律也要用一般現(xiàn)在時來表達。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽東升西落。 The earth moves around the sun.地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。B.一般現(xiàn)在時的句式:I/we/you/they用動詞原形，疑否借助do: he/she/it動詞變?nèi)龁?，疑否借助does,且三單要還原。 肯定式 一般疑問式 否定式I

14、（you,we,they） work. Do you(we,they） work? I(You,We,They） do not work.He (she, it) works. Does he (she, it) work? He (she, it) doesnt work.C. 動詞的第三人稱詞尾變化：當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞需加-s或-es：1)一般在詞尾加-s，2)以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的詞加-es，3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i, 再加-es,鞏固練習：寫出下列動詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash

15、_6. enjoy _7. go _8 receive _9 cry_10. close _11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _14.have_15.do_鞏固練習：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改寫成否定句）_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. （對劃線部分提問）_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. （變成一般疑問句并否定回答）_4、I like being a nurse for the old. （變成一般疑問句）_5、張叔

16、叔每天乘坐地鐵上班。_6、我們每周日常花三小時在圖書館看書。_7、我爺爺常常晚飯后出去散步。_二）一般過去時A一般過去時的使用及時間標志1）表示過去某個時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 19822）表示在過去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。 3）一般過去式也可與today,th

17、is week,this month,this year等表現(xiàn)在的時間壯語連用，但這些時間壯語須指過去的時間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見他了嗎？B一般過去時的句式 肯定式 一般疑問式否定式I/We/You/They/He /She/It worked. Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it work? I did not work.否定式I/We/You/They/He /She/It did not work.C.動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化：1)一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed，2)結(jié)尾是e的動詞在末尾加-d.3)末

18、尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed 4)結(jié)尾是“輔音字母y”的動詞，先變“y”為“I”再加-ed鞏固練習：寫出下列動詞的過去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _10.sweep _11. stop _12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. lie _16. turn _17. explore _18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _21.get_22.laugh_23.pay_24.

19、die_25.prefer _鞏固練習：1、Yesterday I went swimming.(改寫成否定句。)_2、He was born in Shanghai.(對劃線部分提問)_3我昨天買了一輛新自行車。_4、我前天讀了一本書。_三)現(xiàn)在進行時一、 構(gòu)成：am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 二、動詞V-ing的構(gòu)成形式:1)一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing.4)以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e,把i改為y,再加-ing.5)以er結(jié)尾的動詞，如是

20、重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫r，再加-ing；如不是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，就直接加-ing 例如prefer-preferring water_watering三）時間標志：now，right now ，at the moment，” Look！Listen！注：1）雖然有now，但可能表示其它時態(tài)，需要同學們綜合考慮。2）另外，在there be句型中我們也要用進行時。例如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3）表示位置移動的詞( go, come, leave)等,他們的進行時形式是(be going, be coming, be leaving) 表示即將發(fā)生或計

21、劃要做的事.如: Miss Li is leaving for London tomorrow.李小姐明天去倫敦。鞏固練習：寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。1、win _ 2、relax_ 3、jump _4、make _ 5、have_ 6、talk _ 7、tie_ 8、cheer _9、enjoy_ 10、cry_11、come _ 12、fit_ 1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改寫句子）_2、2. are surfing. （對劃線部分提問）_3、瞧，那些孩子們玩的真高興！_4、這些天工人們一直在盡力修補那些壞了的帳篷。_ .四

22、)過去進行時 一)、過去進行時的構(gòu)成：was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 二、過去進行時的用法：1、表示在過去某時刻正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，通常與表過去的時間壯語連用。(at this moment/time yesterday,atthat time, from seven to nine yesterday morning)例如：At this moment yesterday, I _(pack) for camp. 昨天這個時候，我正在收拾東西去露營。2、表移動的動詞，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等詞的過去進行時，

23、可以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。3、在含有時間狀語從句when/while/as的復(fù)合句中，表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生之后，另一個動作正在進行。例如：It _( rain) when they left the station. 他們離開車站時，正下著雨。鞏固練習：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _

24、 the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell五）一般將來時A.一般將來時的使用和時間標志：表示將來發(fā)生的事實，常與tomorrow, soon, later, next , in+一段時間（一段時間后），等連用。B.一般將來時的句式 1）be going to do表示1、表示主語進行某一行動的打算意圖。2、表示說話人確信如此或有某種跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, ther

25、e is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。2)will /shall+ do表示將來,在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后?？s為ll，will not常簡縮為wont。在疑問句中，主語為第一人稱時（I和we）時，常用助動詞shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打籃球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我們要去動物園嗎？鞏固練習：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （對劃線部分提_2.My boss is going to fly to London

26、 on business the day after tomorrow. （用often改寫句子）_3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. （變成一般疑問句并否定回答）_4. 他們今晚要去看足球賽。_5.金一家人什么時候去長城??？_六）過去將來時一）、過去將來時的構(gòu)成：1、would/should+動詞原形 2、 was/were going to+動詞原形二）、過去將來時的用法：1、表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中。例如：He said that he _(will) finish his work before 9

27、 oclock. 他說他會在九點之前完成工作。2、表示過去的某種習慣，只用would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble,we _(will)give him a hand.每當他遇到困難時，我們總會伸出援助之手。鞏固練習：1、He said that he _ (come)back tonight.2、I thought it _ （rain）soon.時態(tài)專練練習：1.I _(finish) my homework while you _(sleep) this afternoon.2.She said she _(no do) it again.3.I

28、_ (meet) him last week 4.John always _(say) that he still _(not know) how to use the Present Perfect Tense.5.If Peter _(come) tomorrow, I _(tell) him about it.6.Her elder brother_(join) the army two years ago.7.Look! We_(catch) such a big fish.8.When you _(have) a meeting, I _ (buy) some cakes in th

29、e next shop.9.We _(talk) about the development of the Internet on the lecture next Monday.10.They_(make) model ships from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday.11.You _(fail) in the exam if you _(not work) hard.Choose the best answers:( ) 1. If it_ tomorrow, we_ on a trip to Hangzhou. A. rainswont goB. rains.go C.

30、 will raingoD. will rainwont go( ) 2. We _the important meeting on a cold morning last week.A. was hadB. was heldC. heldD. hav( ) 3.It_ dark. Lets go home now.A. gettingB. is gettingC. getD. is sounding( ) 4. Jenny_ over the text at 8:00 yesterday evening.A. readB. readsC. was readingD. is reading( ) 5. He told me that he _to see me next week.A. is comingB. will comeC. cameD. would come( ) 6. While Uncle Li _ the clock for us, we were playing cards.A. repaired B. repairsC. was repairingD. is repairing ( ) 7. There_ a footba