高考英語之被動語態(tài)陷阱題型歸納總結(jié)完全版

1、高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納被動語態(tài)典型陷阱題分析1. “Do you like the material?” “Y es, it _ very soft.”A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt【陷阱】此題容易誤選D,想當(dāng)然地根據(jù)“這布料摸起來很柔軟”這一句意,認(rèn)為“布料”應(yīng)是“被摸”,所以feel 選用被動語態(tài)?！痉治觥科鋵?此題正確答案為C,因為feel 在此為連系動詞,而連系動詞均為不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),盡管有時其漢語意思有被動意味。請看以下類似例子(答案均為D:(1Her forehead _ hot. Im afraid she is ill

2、.A. is feelingB. feltC. is feltD. feels(2The new school has been completed. It _ very beautiful.A. is lookedB. lookedC. has lookedD. looks(3The dish _ nice, but the milk _ sour.A. is smelt, is smeltB. is smelt, smellsC. smells, is smeltD. smells, smells(4The story of his life _ interesting.A. is sou

3、ndedB. is soundingC. has soundedD. sounds2. He was angry _ your work. He said that he _ at all.A. at, didnt satisfyB. to, didnt satisfyC. at, wasnt satisfiedD. to, wasnt satisfied【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能被誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃. be angry at (aboutsth 意為“對某事生氣”,許多同學(xué)常按漢語意思將其中的介詞at (about換成to,這是錯誤的。另外,許多同學(xué)將漢語的“不滿意”直譯為not s

4、atisfy,這是是不對的,因為,satisfy在現(xiàn)代英語中只用作及物動詞,其意不是“滿意”而是“使(人滿意”,所以其后不能沒有賓語,除非本身是被動語態(tài)(或是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練1. The president _ a cool reception when he visited London.A. gaveB. was givenC. had givenD. had been given2. A red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad weather.A. saysB. is sayingC. has saidD. is said3 If

5、 you go there alone after dark you might get _.A. attacked and robbedB. attacking and robbingB. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting _.A. was holdingB. had heldC. was to holdD. was to be held5. New medicines and instruments _ every day

6、 to extend life.A. developB. are being developedC. are developingD. have developed6. Ill come after the meeting if time _.A. permitsB. is permittingC. is permittedD. has permitted7. The students _ 50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.A. giveB. are givenC. have givenD. to give8. With t

7、he development of science, more new technology _ to the fields of IT.A. has introducedB. is being introducedC. is introducedD. was introduced9.“How about the dishes, Dear?” “The beef didnt taste very good. It _ too long.”A. cookedB. had been cookedC. was cookedD. had cooked10. He kept a little noteb

8、ook, in which _ the names and addresses of his friends.A. wroteB. was writingC. was writtenD. were written11. “Look!Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building t hat _for?”A. is being buildingB. has been builtC. is builtD. is being built12. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory c

9、loses.A. loseB. will be lostC. are lostD. will lose13. A red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad weather.A. saysB. is sayingC. has saidD. is said14. New medicines and instruments _ every day to extend life.A. developB. are being developedC. are developingD. have developed【答案與解析】1. 選B.一方面語意要求要被動

10、語態(tài),另一方面從句時態(tài)暗示主句應(yīng)用一般過去時。2. 選D.此句也可說成It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.3. 選A,“get + 過去分詞”表被動。4. 選D,從邏輯上說,“會議”應(yīng)是被開,故用被動式。5. 選B.從語境上看,develop 不僅要用被動語態(tài),而且要用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。6. 選A,該用法中的permit 為不及物動詞,不用被動語態(tài)。其中if time permits 也可換成time permitting.7. 選B.謂語為give sb sth 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)形式。8. 選B.技術(shù)應(yīng)該是

11、“被”引進(jìn),故用被動語態(tài);根據(jù)語境句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。9. 選B.從句意上看,“牛肉”應(yīng)該是“被”煮,故句子要用被動語態(tài);從時間上看,由于句中有didnt taste very good,所以“煮得太久”應(yīng)該在這一過去時間之前,故用過去完成時。10. 選D.in w hich were written the names and addresses為倒裝句式,其正常表達(dá)為the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook.11. 選D.因為building 應(yīng)該是“被建”,故用被動語態(tài);再根據(jù)前文的look,

12、under construction 等信息詞可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)。12. 選B.jobs與lose應(yīng)為被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài);再根據(jù)條件狀語從句中的一般現(xiàn)在時可知主句以用一般將來時為宜。13. 選D.因為主語a red sky 與謂語動詞say之間為被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。14. 選B.因為“新的藥物和器械”與“開發(fā)”之間為被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。動詞用法與辨析典型陷阱題分析1. If you want to sell your product you must _ it.A. advertiseB. advertise forC. advertise onD. advertise t

13、o【陷阱】容易誤選B,認(rèn)為advertise 的意思是“做廣告”,advertise for 的意思“為做廣告”?！痉治觥渴聦嵣?正確答案為A.advertise 可用作及物和不及物動詞:用作及物動詞時,其意為“為做廣告”、“登廣告宣傳”;用作不及物動詞時,其意為“做廣告”、“登廣告”,此時通常后接介詞for,表示“做廣告征求”。比較: advertise for sth (sb登廣告征求或?qū)ふ夷澄锘蚰橙?此時advertise 不及物advertise sth 為登廣告,登廣告宣傳(此時advertise 是及物動詞,其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語 People advertise thin

14、gs that they wish to sell. 人們?yōu)橐u的東西登廣告。The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 經(jīng)理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書。再比較以下用例:advertise jobs 登廣告招人advertise for jobs 登廣告求職2. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the people heart and soul.A. serveB. serve fo

15、rC. serve toD. serve on【陷阱】容易誤選B,即字對字地翻譯漢語的“全心全意為人民服務(wù)”,將其中的“為”譯為for.【分析】答案選A,serve 意為“為服務(wù)”,可直接用作及物動詞,其后不能按漢語意思誤加介詞for.請看以下類似例子:(1I _ you yesterday, but you werent in.A. rangB. rang toC. rang withD. rang to答案選A,ring 可以用作及物動詞,表示“給打電話”,故其后不用介詞。(2Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin.A. marr

16、yB. marry toC. marry withD. marry for答案選A,marry 可用作及物或不及物動詞,用作及物動詞時它的意思“與結(jié)婚”,而不僅僅是“結(jié)婚”,也就是說,后接賓語時,無需用介詞to, with 等。(3How can I _ you, Mr. Green?A. contactB. contact withC. contact toD. contact for答案選A,contact 為及物動詞,表示“與聯(lián)系”,其后不接介詞。3. According to the rules, students must not _ their books during exami

17、nations.A. readB. watchC. noticeD. look at【陷阱】容易誤選A.因為按照英語一般習(xí)慣:看書看報用動詞read,看電視用動詞watch,看電影用動詞see,看比賽用動詞watch,看黑板用動詞look at,等等?！痉治觥恳话阏f來,漢語的“看書”至少有兩層意思,一是指閱讀性地看書,即看書=讀書,此時通常用動詞read;另一種看書則不是指閱讀性地看書,而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看,比如看看書的封面、定價、內(nèi)容提要等,或者回答問題時看看書的某些章節(jié)或字句以及考試時偷看書本等等,此時通常都不宜用動詞read,而應(yīng)根據(jù)情況選用其他動詞(如look at。又如:Let

18、 me have a look at the book. 讓我看看或翻翻這本書。Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 請不看書回答我的問題。4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mothe r _ you to go?”A. letB. agreeC. allowD. promise【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃.不能選A是因為let 后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不能帶to;不能選B是因為動詞ag

19、ree 習(xí)慣上不用于agree sb to do sth 這一句式;不能選D是因為在promise sb to do sth 這一句式中,to do sth 的邏輯主語是promise 的主語而不其是賓語,比如He promised me to go 的意思是“他答應(yīng)我,他去”,而不是“他答應(yīng)我讓我去”。之所以能選C,是因為allow sb to do sth(允許某人做某事與上文語境剛好吻合。5. If they _ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.A. disagr

20、eedB. refusedC. agreedD. hoped【陷阱】容易誤選A,根據(jù)agree to do sth(同意做某事,想當(dāng)然地類推出disagree to do sth(不同意或不愿意做某事?！痉治觥渴聦嵣?語言有很多問題是不能類推的,如上面這一例,英語可說agree to do sth,但習(xí)慣上卻不說disagree to do sth.類似地,英語中可說like doing to do sth,但在現(xiàn)代英語中習(xí)慣上說dislike doing sth,卻不說dislike to do sth.其實上面一題的最佳答案是B,refuse to do sth 意為“拒絕做某事”或“不愿

21、做某事”。6. They own two cars, not to _ a motorbike.A. speakB. sayC. talkD. mention【陷阱】很容易根據(jù)“他們擁有兩輛小汽車,更不用說一輛摩托車了”這一中文語境而選擇B.【分析】其實最佳答案為D.因為not to say 和not to mention 均為習(xí)語,但其含義區(qū)別甚大:not to mention=更不用說,此外還有not to say=雖不能說,即使不能說It is warm, not to say hot. 天氣雖說不上熱,但也夠暖了。He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即

22、使不是粗魯,至少也是沒有禮貌。Therere ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我們有10個人愿意幫忙,還不算小孩。They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他們有三只狗要照顧,更別提那只貓和鳥了。7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Y es, of course. In fact, they always _ me to try something new.

23、”A. hopeB. suggestC. supportD. encourage【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。因為若僅從漢語意思來看,四個選項均可填入空格處?！痉治觥科鋵嵈祟}的正解答案是D.因為在以上四個選項中,只有encourage 可后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,即可用于encourage sb to do sth,而其余三者均不可后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,即英語中習(xí)慣上不說hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth.順便說一句,以下英漢語表達(dá)也有類似差別,請注意:漢語說“希望某人做某事”,但英語不說hope

24、 sb to do sth.漢語說“同意某人做某事”,但英語不說agree sb to do sth.漢語說“不同意某人做某事”,但英語不說disagree sb to do sth.漢語說“害怕某人做某事”,但英語不說fear sb to do sth.漢語說“拒絕某人做某事”,但英語不說refuse sb to do sth.漢語說“懲罰某人做某事”,但英語不說punish sb to do sth.漢語說“建議某人做某事”,但英語不說suggest sb to do sth.漢語說“建議某人做某事”,但英語不說propose sb to do sth.漢語說“贊成某人做某事”,但英語不說

25、approve sb to do sth.漢語說“安排某人做某事”,但英語不說arrange sb to do sth.漢語說“要求某人做某事”,但英語不說demand sb to do sth.漢語說“感謝某人做某事”,但英語不說thank sb to do sth.漢語說“指導(dǎo)某人做某事”,但英語不說guide sb to do sth.漢語說“祝賀某人做某事”,但英語不說congratulate sb to do sth.漢語說“阻止某人做某事”,但英語不說prevent sb to do sth.漢語說“通知某人做某事”,但英語不說inform sb to do sth.漢語說“歡迎某

26、人做某事”,但英語不說welcome sb to do sth.漢語說“陪伴某人做某事”,但英語不說accompany sb to do sth.要表示以上漢語意思,英語需改用其他說法。如:advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事arrnage for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事thank sb for doing sth 感謝某人做了某事congratulate sb on doing sth 祝賀某人做了某

27、事prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事等等。8. Nowadays everyone hopes to _ good education so as to get a good job in the future.A. acceptB. accept aC. receiveD. receive a【陷阱】容易誤選A或B.因為accept 與receive 的基本區(qū)別是前者表示“接受”,后者表示“收到”,而漢語通常是說“接受教育”,而不是說“收到教育”,所以選A或B,【分析】其實上,此題的正確答案是D,因為英語中習(xí)慣說receive a good education

28、,而不說accept a good education.另外,education 表示抽象意義的“教育”時,不可數(shù),但表示“一種教育”或“一段教育”時,可與不定冠詞連用。9. Wearing dark glasses can _ your eyes from the sun.A. careB. preventC. defendD. protect【陷阱】容易誤選B.因為許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的from,再聯(lián)系到選項中的prevent,便馬上想起了prevent from 這個常用搭配?！痉治觥吭趐revent A from B 這一句式中,A和B通常具有主謂關(guān)系,如在The rain preve

29、nted us from going out (下雨使我們不能出去中,“我們”與“出去”就具有主謂關(guān)系。而上面一題不具備此特點(diǎn)。此題正確答案應(yīng)是D,protect from 意為“保護(hù)免受”。10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he _ $2 000 for his car.A. paidB. tookC. costD. spent【陷阱】容易誤選A,誤選的依據(jù)是pay for 這一搭配?！痉治觥咳魡为?dú)說He paid $2 000 for the car (他付了2 000美元買這車是完全可以的,但問題是,本句前面有這樣一句He was

30、in great need of money (他急需要錢,既然是“急需要錢”,又怎么還會花2000美元去買車呢?尤其還需注意的是car 前的物主代詞his,這說明是為自己的車花2000美元錢,不合情理。此題的正確答案是B,take 在此表示“獲得”、“得到”,句意為“他急需要錢,把自己的車以2000美元給賣掉了”。11. There are many kinds _, but I dont know which to buy.A. to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for choosing【陷阱】此題容易誤選C.【分析】其實應(yīng)選B.cho

31、ose 表示“選擇”,其實是指“選擇出來”(pick out,而不是指“從選擇”,要表示后者的意思,要用choose from,有時也用choose among.同樣地,下面兩例中的介詞from 也不可省略: Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實上,有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。比較:He chose a red one. 他選了一個紅色的。He chose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當(dāng)中

32、去選。He didnt know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個。He didnt know which to choose from. 他不知道從哪個當(dāng)中去選。請做以下試題(答案選D:(1“We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few _, Id say.”A. chosenB. to chooseC. to be chosenD. to choose from(2“Id like to buy an expensive c

33、amera.” “Well, we have several models _.”A. to pick upB. to pickC. to chooseD. to choose from12. I _ him not to go abroad, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuadedB. tried to persuadeC. have persuadedD. was persuaded【陷阱】容易誤選A.【分析】正確答案為B.persuade 的真正意思是“說服”,而不是“設(shè)法說服”,要表示后者的意思英語應(yīng)用try to persuade (當(dāng)然也可用其他詞,如

34、advise 等。類似地:(1kill 的意思是“殺死”,不表示“設(shè)法殺死”,要表示后者的意思英語用try to kill.(2prevent 的意思是“阻止”,不表示“設(shè)法阻止”,要表示后者的意思英語用try to prevent.13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _ where she had _ them.A. lay; laidB. laid; laidC. lay; lainD. lying; lain【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥空_答案選A.第一空填lay,它是li

35、e(位于,在的過去式lay;第二空laid,它是lay(放,置的過去分詞,句意為“她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西還在她當(dāng)時放它們的地方”。請注意lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換:(1lay 有兩個常見意思:一是表示“放”、“擺”(及物,二是表示“下(蛋”(及物或不及物。如:Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。Are your hens laying yet?你的母雞下蛋了嗎?Will you please lay the table for dinner?請你擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備吃飯好嗎?(2lie 有三個主要意思:一是表示“躺”或“平放”,二是表示“位于”,三是表示“說謊”

36、。用于以上三義時,均為不及物動詞。如:Dont lie in bed all morning. 別一個上午都躺在床上。The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。Dont lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮(zhèn)位于群山之中。Im sorry I l ied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。(3這兩個詞經(jīng)常被混淆的有時不是其意思,而是其詞形。注意下表所示:請做下題(答案均為B:(1The hens _ 50 eggs last week, but this week they arent _.A. lay, lyingB. laid, layingC. lay, layingD. lied, lying(2The girl _ on the ground _ to me th