八年級上冊英語外研版(新)各模塊知識點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)(全)-文檔

1、英語初二上冊重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)講解Module 1 How to learn English1. advice(1)意思是“意見，建議”，為不可數(shù)名詞，可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of等修飾,不能說 an advice 或 many/a few advices。(2)表示“有關(guān)的建議”時(shí)，用介詞 on,接名詞、代詞或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式。e.g.Let' s ask for his advice on what to do next.常見搭配：take/follow one ' s advice接受某人的建議ask for advice 征求意見拓

2、展： advise vt.建議常見搭配：advise sb. to do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老師建議我現(xiàn)在就離開。2. Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs withyour friends.每次你將會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)一些新東西。我也建議你和朋友們談?wù)撾娪盎蚋枨?。time的用法：(1) time指“時(shí)間"用作不可數(shù)名詞，前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty

3、 of等修飾。(2)當(dāng)作“次數(shù)；倍數(shù)”講時(shí)， time是可數(shù)名詞。e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.(3) time構(gòu)成的短語：at a time一次， 每一次 at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度at times /from time to time 有時(shí)，偶爾 all the time 總是，一直in time 及時(shí)，遲早 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)(4) time構(gòu)成的句型： It' s time for sb. to do sth./It ' s (high) time sb. did sth.該是某人干的時(shí)間了。e.g.It'

4、; s time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡覺的時(shí)候了。It' s high time that we started.我們該出發(fā)了。 each time (每次)，next time (下次)，the first/last time (第一次 /最后一次的時(shí)候)等。e.g.The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.我上次到中國時(shí)，游覽了上海。3. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place

5、them in your room.我建議你一天把四個(gè)或者五個(gè)單詞寫在紙上并且放在你的房間里。suggest,做動(dòng)詞，表示“建議，提議”的意思，對應(yīng)的名詞是 suggestion。suggest的用法：7uggect cthsuggest (oneFs doing sth.cuccrest that. eb. C should5 do fthI suggested his / him giving up the idea.我建議他放棄那念頭。She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.Module

6、2 My home town and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它（劍橋）位于康河河畔，人口約為 12萬。population n.意思是“人口，居民”，它是一個(gè)集體名詞，常用單數(shù)形式。population常與定冠詞the連用，作主語用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。e.g.The world ' s population is increasing faster and faster.當(dāng)主語是表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.Abo

7、ut seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中國大約有百分之七十的人口是農(nóng)民。有時(shí)population可用作可數(shù)名詞，其前可用不定冠詞。e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion.中國大約有十三億人口。表示人口的"多"或"少"，不用"much"或"little ",而要用"large"或"small”。e.g.India has a large populatio

8、n. 度人口眾多。詢問某國、某地有多少人口時(shí)，不用" How much.?",而用"How large.?”。在問具體 人口時(shí)用 “ What.? ”。e.gWhat is the population of Canada ? The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大約有二千九百萬。2. It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. 它 大約有750萬人

9、口，所以比劍橋更大更繁忙。（1） million是數(shù)詞，意思是"百萬"。它的用法如下： 當(dāng)與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)，而且也不后接介詞of。e.g.three million people 三百萬人當(dāng)不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù)，而且要后接介詞of,然后才能接名詞。e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.一個(gè)粗心的錯(cuò)誤使公司蒙受數(shù)百鎊的損失。拓展：與 million有相同用法的數(shù)詞還有：hundred （百）,thousand （千），billion （十億）。學(xué)

10、習(xí)形容詞的比較級的規(guī)則變化及用法。（1）規(guī)則變化：類別構(gòu)成方法原級比較級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙一般直接加-erlong talllonger taller不發(fā)首的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-rlate largelater larger輔首字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)把y 變i,再加-ereasy happyeasier happier重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有 一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫最 后的輔音字母，再加-erbig hotbigger hotter2 / 12(2)形容詞比較級用法表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞比較級，最明顯的提示詞是than,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“ A+比較級+than+B ”。e.g.Li Lei ' s room i

11、s bigger than mine.李雷的房間比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.這塊月餅比那塊好吃。有表示程度的副詞 a little, a bit, a few , a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any 等修飾 時(shí)，用形容詞比較級。e.g.I feel even worse now.我現(xiàn)在覺得更難受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。比較級前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示具體“大多少”，“小多少”，“長多少”，“短多少”等。e.

12、g.I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.這棟樓房比那棟高20 米。表示“兩者之間最一個(gè) (of the two)"時(shí)，常用"the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary 是雙胞胎中的高個(gè)子。表示“越來越”，用比較級重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級+and+比較級”，多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)用"more and more+形容詞原級”。e.g.It' s getting warme

13、r and warmer in spring.春天天氣變得越來越暖和。Module 3 Sports進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的比較級的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化 (1)規(guī)則變化：類別構(gòu)成方法原級比較級多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié) 詞在原級前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautiful在原級前加lessimportant usefulless important less useful(2)不規(guī)則變化:原級比較級good/well (身體好的)bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittleessfarfarther（較遠(yuǎn)） furth

14、er（進(jìn).步）oldolderelder(較年長的)(3)形容詞和副詞比較級用法 表示“越就越”時(shí)，用“the+比較級,the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越高興。3 / 12Module 4 Planes, ships and trains學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的最高級的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化及其用法 (1)規(guī)則變化：類別構(gòu)成方法原級最tWj級巾節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音 節(jié)詞一般直接加-estlong talllongest tallest不發(fā)首的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-stlatelargelatest largest輔首字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)把y

15、變i,再加-esteasy happyeasiesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有 個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫最 后的輔首字母，再加-estbig hotbiggest hottest“音節(jié)詞和部分雙音 ，詞在原級前加 mostcarefulbeautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原級前加leastimportant usefulleast important least useful(2)不規(guī)則變化:原級最tWj級good/well (身體好的)bestmany/muchmostbad/illworstlittleleastfarfarthest(更遠(yuǎn)的)fu

16、rthest(最大程度)oldoldest/eldest（較的）(3)形容詞最高比較級用法表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the,句末常跟一個(gè)in/of短語來表示范圍。e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三個(gè)男孩子中，他是最強(qiáng)壯的。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國最大的城市。 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用"Which/Who is+the+最高級，A , B or C?"結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Which city is

17、the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou ?哪個(gè)城市最漂亮，北京，上海還是福州？ 表示“最的之一”時(shí)，用“one of the+形容詞最高級”結(jié)構(gòu)，該形容詞后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰倫是最受歡迎的歌星之。 形容詞最高級前面可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最”。e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 長江是中國第一大長河。 形容詞最高級前面可以有物主代詞，指示代詞，

18、名詞所有格等修飾，但此時(shí)不能再用定冠詞the。e.g.This is our last lesson today.這是我們今天的最后節(jié)課。 形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級含義。e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的學(xué)生。=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的學(xué)生都高。Module 5 La

19、o She Teahouse重點(diǎn)知識講解1 offer 做動(dòng)詞，意思是“提供；提議；提出”。常用的搭配： offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物給予某人e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那個(gè)年輕人在公共汽車上將自己的座位讓給了那位老人。 offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出做某事e.g.She offered to lend me her bi

20、ke.她提出將自行車借給我。2.Show show做及物動(dòng)詞，意為“展示；顯示；給看" ，show后可接雙賓語。show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb. 給某人看或者展示某物e.g.Show me your pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please. 請讓我看一下你的鋼筆。Show your tickets, please. 請出示車票。此外，show還可用作名詞，意為“展覽；陳列；演出” ，常構(gòu)成短語on show,意為“陳列，展覽” 。e.g. His pictures are on show now. 他的畫現(xiàn)在正在展

21、覽。難點(diǎn)知識講解：動(dòng)詞不定式（I ）（ 1）動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成肯定形式：to+動(dòng)詞原形否定形式：not to do（ 2）動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的用法動(dòng)詞不定式置于謂語動(dòng)詞之后，作動(dòng)詞的賓語，表明意圖、希望或決定的內(nèi)容。常見的后面接“ to 十動(dòng)詞原形”作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：plan, decide, hope, want, would like ， agree, offer,try, like, love 等。注意：某些及物動(dòng)詞可用-ing 也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但意義不同的有： doing Hh 丹心' ilMSShe rem altered tuning off the lights bef

22、ore she Left the rowa她記得離開房間前關(guān)了燈的.reniaTLbertod。sth記住要做莫考Remember to tum off the limits 'heftire she left 4he room,i記住離開房間前要關(guān)燈.命睡sih忘了像這差事I fcigtt writing to岫n裁忘了曾經(jīng)洽他寫U1Sforgrt *論也蟲fli忘記耍做某事13 / 12Don11 forget io write la lum 別忘了笥言含他.doing的后1ft儆過某事I f egret art having accepted your advic 匕莪后悔沒聽你

23、的沏告.門審.也s!h抱戴J遺憾地要懶某事regret 忙 say i haven't given you enough hdpL就很遺憾地說我沒嫡你充分的幫踮.(Ddamg 5比試著做第1£tryThey tried taltag m English他fflHffl用英IS談話. ©to do電盡力儆Q< The do dore tned to save her Life.再生們彝力愴攸施的生命/(TMottg班停止貸星第S 笈腌 the teacher come into the classromn. the students stoppwi talkin

24、g.I看到電師走進(jìn)教室,學(xué)生外得止了講話.就印'OMdosth停下來做將Hcarmg somebody calling hia name. he stopped io IndkaroiBidl聽到有人叫他的名事，他停F來到處看.Module 6 Animals in danger1 .形容詞變成副詞的規(guī)律。一般在形容詞的詞尾加 -ly可以變成副詞。 例如：quick quickly, slow slowly, loud loudly, suddensuddenly 等。特殊情況：構(gòu)成方法例子一些以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，要把 y改為 再加-ly。happyhappily, ang

25、ry angrily有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉 e加-y。possible possibly terrible terribly以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)仍然要在詞尾加-ly。careful carefully溫馨提示：副詞修飾行為動(dòng)詞。如：He is verycareful.He does everything carefully第一句中is是連系動(dòng)詞，用形容詞careful;第二句中修飾行為動(dòng)詞does用副詞carefully。常考的形容詞和副詞辨析有：hard努力hardly幾乎不；late遲的，晚的lately近來；deep -deeply 深深地； near靠近nea

26、rly 差不多； wide -widely 廣泛地；free免費(fèi)的freely自由地。典例剖析：Tom studies but his sister studies.A. hard, hard B. hardly, hardlyC . hard, hardly D. hardly, hard答案：C解題技巧：此題第一個(gè)陷阱是hard和hardly的區(qū)別，通常我們會(huì)認(rèn)為hard的副詞是hardly ,事實(shí)上 hard既是形容詞.又是副詞，而hardly是另外一個(gè)副詞.,中文是“幾乎不4. -ing形容詞和-ed形容詞的區(qū)別。-ing形容詞-ed形容詞例句interesting 有趣的intere

27、sted感興趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人興奮的excited感到興奮的Have you heard of the exciting news ? We are excited about the traveling.表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事 物對人的影響，一般修 飾事物。表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人 對事物的感受，主語一 般是人，常用于sb.+-ed 形容詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。We are all interested in the interesting story.5.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式。作賓語補(bǔ)足語：動(dòng)詞

28、不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露絲要他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。注意：動(dòng)詞不定式在使役動(dòng)詞make, let和感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, hear, feel等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常省 去不定式符號to。help后的不定式可帶to,也可不帶to。Let' s see the dolphins.我們?nèi)タ春Ｔ迈拱伞 hear her sing every day.我聽見她每天都唱歌。M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此處called為過去分詞，修飾 girl,放

29、在名詞之后。相當(dāng)于 named.2. fall down跌倒，掉下 fall behind跟不上，落在 后面fall into 落入中 fall off從上掉下來fall asleep入睡Eg: She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.in a tree（外來物或人）在樹上on a tree （樹上本身有

30、的東西：apple等）在樹上Eg : There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree.smile at sb 對某人微笑Eg: Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4. 到達(dá)”的表達(dá)：arrive in+大地點(diǎn)get to + 地點(diǎn)reach + 地點(diǎn)at+小地點(diǎn) H （get hometherehere）5. have a tea party 舉辦茶會(huì)6. have nothing to do 沒什么事可做nothingsomething to eatd

31、rinknothing作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)7. once or twice=from time to time 偶爾Eg: Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 兩次 三次及以上：數(shù)詞 +times three times six times8. what for?=why 妁什么？； 有什么用？9. nothing strange 沒什么奇怪的事形容詞 strange作后置定語，修飾不定代詞 nothing。在英語中，當(dāng)形容修飾不定代詞somethinganythingnothingeverything 等時(shí)，

32、形容詞必須放在不定代詞后面，作后置定語。Eg : I have something important to do.10. hear sb. do sth.聽到某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事Eg: I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.11. take sth out of 把某物從掏出12. racross表示動(dòng)作是在物體的表面進(jìn)行，如過河，過橋，過馬路。through表示動(dòng)作是在物體的內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行，如穿過森林、門、隧道

33、，光線射入等13. too to 太而不能Eg： He is too young to carry the heavy bag.M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通過電話通話（on 表示 “通過 ”）2. look pale 看起來很蒼白此處look 作為半系動(dòng)詞，后跟adj. 常見的半系動(dòng)詞有tastesmellsoundfeel.Eg： The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.3. be glad to do sth 很高興去做sthEg： I am glad to see you again.4. in tim

34、e 及時(shí)on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)Eg： I hope you can come back in time.Please hand in your homework on time.5. fall off=fall down from 從摔下來你fall in love with sb 愛上某人6. the risk of 的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)7. pay attention to注意（to是一個(gè)介詞，后接名詞或doing）Eg： We should pay more attention to developing economy.8. sometimes 有時(shí)some times 幾次；幾倍sometim

35、e （將來或過去）某個(gè)時(shí)候some time 一段時(shí)間9. pick up 撿起，拾起（代詞只能放中間，名詞放在中間或后面均可）pick sb up （開車）接某人Eg ： After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.10. call sb call up=ring up 打電話給sb call on 拜訪 sb11. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為 躺”。其過去式為lay,

36、現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。He was lying on the bed.l 2. as soon as 一就 I will call you as soon as I get home.語法全解：when 和 while 都表示主從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生，但二者意義不盡相同。1. when 引導(dǎo)的從句可表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可表示時(shí)間段，從句的位于動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；while 引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示時(shí)間段，從句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞作謂語。They arrived while we were watching TV .2. 含有 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的主從復(fù)合句，如果主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

37、，從句應(yīng)該用一般過去式，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)后一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的突然性。We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3. 當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生，主從句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句多用while 引導(dǎo)。 They were reading while we were writing .M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.The population of is .表示 有多少人。此外用 has a populatio

38、n of 也可以表示 有多少人。形容人口(population )的多少用big/ large 或 small 當(dāng) population 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 詢問某地有多少人口.：.What' s the population of .注意：詢問某地有多少人口時(shí)不用how many 和 how muchhundredthousandmillionbillion 等前有數(shù)字，用單數(shù)形式three hundredhundredthousandmillionbillion 等后有 of,用復(fù)數(shù)形式thousands of2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(adj.) 吵鬧的m

39、ake noise 發(fā)出噪音3. prepare 準(zhǔn)備 prepare for 為做準(zhǔn)備 prepare to do sth 準(zhǔn)備去做某事 .Eg： They are preparing for the New Year.4. notes名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式筆記隨筆"make notes己筆記5. too much+不可數(shù)名詞much too+形容詞. 太too many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Eg： I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many people in

40、the shop on Sunday.6. one fifth 五分之一分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法：分子在前，用基數(shù)詞；分母在后，用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于1 時(shí)，分母需要用復(fù)數(shù) 如： two thirds9. hang on a minute. 稍等10. public services 公共服務(wù)a public telephone 公用電話in public 在公共場合11. in fact 事實(shí)上all over the world 全世界12. leave 離開(某地) leave for+ 目的地 前往 (目的地 ) 啟程去某地I ll leave for Shanghai next week. lea

41、ve 還有 “忘了帶，留下”之意 如： I left my book at home .13. 辨析： job 與 workjob ( cn) 指具體的職業(yè)或零工work (un)指人們?nèi)粘Ｉ詈凸ぷ髦袕氖碌捏w力或腦力勞動(dòng)【 Grammer】 :冠詞：復(fù)習(xí)筆記數(shù)字 : 分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。本模塊中，我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)字的讀法。在英語中，每三位數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，按照百，十，個(gè)位向下讀。而進(jìn)位的讀法則為thousand, million , billion 向上遞增。數(shù)詞的常見用法：分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法在英語中，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子是1 時(shí)，分母用原形；當(dāng)分子大于1 時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1/3 ：

42、one thirds 2/3 : two thirds百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：百分?jǐn)?shù)用percent表示，符號為% 如：5%讀作five present .M10 The weather1 .關(guān)于天氣的單詞：名詞 cloud, rain, snow, sun, wind, fog.形容詞 cloudy, rainy, snowy, sunny, windy, foggy.2 .Are you joking?joke n. 笑話；玩笑play a joke on sb make a joke ofabout ab4. minus 減去， 零下 （溫度 ）Eg：The temperature is minu

43、s 3 degrees.5. although 盡管；雖然（although 與 but 不能連用）Eg： It isn t warm today, although the sun is shining.6. what ' s the weather like （in）?Eg： -What is the weather like in Jinhua today?-It is cold today.詢問天氣還可以用how is the weather （in）？7. as well 也；還（放句末） too 也 （放句末） also 也，而且（放句中）8. better get goi

44、ng.= had better g now. 最好現(xiàn)在就走h(yuǎn)ad better do sth 最好做 sthEg： It s late now, we had better hurry up.9. compared to = compared with 和相比較Eg ： I compared my computer towith hers. 重點(diǎn)語法:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may，might 的用法。Module 11 Way of life重點(diǎn)語法：1. what a surprise! 真驚訝啊! 此句是感嘆句，用來表達(dá)贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情，同樣用how 也可引導(dǎo)感嘆句。結(jié)構(gòu)如下：what +（aan）+adj.+n.（+ 主語+謂語）!how +adj.adv. （+ 主語+謂語）!Eg： How beautiful the girl is!= What a beautiful girl she is!2. you needn t wait. 你不必等了。need 在這里用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑問句及must 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的否定回答，其后用動(dòng)