英語簡單句高一

1、10.I work every day.四 there be結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句的五種基本句型第一講主語十謂語（不及物動詞）一一主謂型.我經(jīng)常早上六點起床。仔細體會主語、謂語和狀語。11 .They study hard.12 .He sings well.13 .She runs very fast.14 .He speaks slowly.15 .The kites fly high.1 6.I usually wake up at six in the morning.17 .We often play on the street after school18 .We study at No.1

2、Middle School.19 . I live in Donguan, Guangdong, China.20 .We listen carefully in class.一句子成分1主語表示這個句子要陳述的主體是誰"或者 什么"。主語是一句話的中心，整句話都在談它的情況。2謂語表示主語 做什么"、是什么”或 怎么樣”。換言之，謂語表示主語的動作或狀態(tài)。動詞3賓語 動作、行為的對象，或者說是動作的承受者。4賓語補足語用來補充說明賓語 怎么樣”、是什么"、做什么”的成分。5主語補足語用來補充說明主語 怎么樣”、是什么"、做什么”的成分。6表語

3、連系動詞后面用來說明主語是什么"、怎么樣”的成分，7定語 用來修飾、限制名詞或代詞的成分8狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞的成分，有的修飾全句。給句子劃分成分時，用下列符號表示：主語謂語連系動詞賓語表語賓語補足語（）狀語定語同位語【】二簡單句的五種基本句型（1）主語十謂語（不及物動詞）”一一主謂型I am singing. 我在唱歌。The boy has arrived.這個小男孩已經(jīng)到了。Soft snow was falling. 下著柔軟的雪。The sun has not yet risen.太陽還沒升起。謂語除了由單個動詞（有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的變化）充當外，有時由情態(tài)動詞十

4、動詞原形”等構(gòu)成，這種謂語叫做復合謂語。eg.I can swim.我會游泳。We must leave.我們必須走了。三狀語有時根據(jù)需要可以在句末加上時間、地點等：I am singing < in the classroom > .我正在教室里唱歌。I am singing < in the classroom>now. 現(xiàn)在我正在教室里唱歌。L get up< at six< in the morning > .我早上六點起床。He lives <in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.他住在中國廣東深圳。狀語的位置多在

5、句末，有時也在句首。頻度副詞（如 always, usually、often、ever、never等）則位于動詞前。eg.L < often > get up < at six> <in the morning > Exercise 1翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分, 1.He is running.2 .He is running on the playground.3 .He is running on the playground with his classmates.4 .They arrived.5 .They arrived here.

6、6 .They arrived here at 10:00 yesterday morning.7 .They are talking.8 .They are talking happily.9 .They are talking happily in the office.還有一種特殊的 主謂型"句型：there be結(jié)構(gòu)。它表示 某處有某物eg.There is a book <in the box > .箱子里有一本書。There are seven days < in a week. 一周有七天。此句型謂語在前，主語在后。there be中be的單復數(shù)由它后

7、面的主語決定。若主語是由and連接的幾個名詞或代詞時，由靠近be的那個名詞或代詞決定。eg.There is a pen, an eraser and some pencils<in the pencil-box.鉛筆盒里有一只鋼筆、一塊橡皮擦和幾只鉛筆。There are some pencils, a pen and an eraser< in the pencil-box.鉛筆盒里有幾只鉛筆、一只鋼筆和一塊橡皮擦。Exercise 3漢譯英1. 一年有十二個月。4.教室里面有二十張課桌、四十把椅子。2. 一年有四季。5.我的臥室里有一張床、一張桌子和兩把椅子。3. 我家有五口

8、人。第二講主語十謂語（及物動詞）十賓語一一主謂賓型We study English.More examples:The children are watching TV.（孩子們在看電視。）I love you.（我愛你。）前面說過，任何句子都可以根據(jù)需要加上一個或多個狀語：Be < often > helps us.（他經(jīng)常幫助我們。）She played the .piano < yesterday evening）.（她昨晚彈鋼琴。）The students played football here<just now> .（這些學生剛才在這兒踢足球。）He

9、will comehere< tomorrow > .（他明天將要來這里。）He will come<to Shenzhen< tomorrow > .（他明天將要來深圳。）_三定語有時，句子中的名詞或代詞會被修飾或者限制。eg.A beautiful girl is waiting for you.（有個漂亮女孩在等你。）主語 A beautiful girl 中， 名詞 girl被形容詞 beautiful修飾, beautiful 叫做 girl的定語。 定語是用來修飾、 限制名詞或 代詞的一種成分。除不定代詞something、anything >

10、nothing的定語一定后置以外,單個的單詞作定語一般放在被修飾的 名詞前面，短語或句子作定語放在被修飾名詞后面。More examples:L like theinterestingstory.（我喜歡這個有趣的故事。）Be will buy the bag一Lon.the table.（他要買桌子上的那個包。）Thefirsttree has died.（第一株樹死了。）Exercise 1翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，仔細體會主謂”和主謂賓”句型。1. I love my country.2. I met the teacher in the street yesterday.

11、3. We have known each other before.4. Tom is listening to the radio.5. He is looking for his sister.6. She is writing.7. She is writing a letter.8. You speak quickly.9. You speak English quickly.10. Peter often works hard on the farm.Exercise 2翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，仔細體會定語。1. The handsome young man lov

12、es his beautiful wife very much.2. The old bridge fell down last night.3. Our teacher ' s son plays computer games well.4. These middle school students often help this old man.5. I want the second one.6. He lives in a small building next to my house.7. The man under the tall tree will speak to y

13、ou.8. More than 1000 people visited my school last year.9. The girl in red will leave soon.10. Something strange happened in my class last Friday.第三講主語十 連系動詞十 表語主系表型第一類表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。以 be為代表。eg.I_ am a student.（我是學生。名詞作表語）This house is verylarge.這座房子很大。形容詞作表語）We are in the music room .（我們在音樂室里。介詞短語作表語）My

14、 dad is, forty.（我爸爸四十歲了。數(shù)詞作表語）Exercise 1翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，仔細體會主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。1. They are Chinese.2. He is at home now.3. The girl is beautiful.4. The book is thick.5. These boxes are very heavy.6. Your pen is under your desk.7. I am 17 years old.8. The food is delicious !9. Your son/daughter is so cute.10.

15、 That girl was me.系動詞be有時翻譯成 是”，更多的時候不譯出來，受中文影響，翻譯成英語時容易丟掉。注意：英語中句子必須有動詞。同時，我們還要克服另一種錯誤：有的同學造句時總是念念不忘be動詞，不管什么句型，都亂用上去。注意：只要句子已有實義動詞，就不要亂用系動詞be 了。Exercise 3 改錯。1. She very tall.2. The problem easy.3. The shoes on the floor.4. The old man 90 years old.5. I am play table tennis every Saturday.6. We ar

16、e go to school at 6;00 in the morning.7. He was got up early this morning.表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞，除了 be以外，還有:keep（保持，一直卜remain（仍然是）、continue（連續(xù)是）、stay（一直）、prove（證 明是卜turn out（結(jié)果是）等。下面我們通過句子來學習。Exercise 4翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，仔細體會主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。1. The students keep quiet in class.2. I remain happy.3. He stayed single all his

17、 life.4. My father continues in good health.5. He proved honest.6. The weather turned out fine.第二類表示感覺的連系動詞。這類動詞有：100k（看起來）、sound（聽起來）、smell（嗅起來）、taste（嘗起來）、feel（摸起來，感覺）等。Exercise 5翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，仔細體會系表結(jié)構(gòu)。1. You look sad.2. It tastes good.3. The flower smells fragrant.4. Your hands feel cold.5.

18、 His idea sounds reasonable.6. The farm looks like a large beautiful garden.7. He seemed tired last night.8. I felt tired after the long journey.第三類表示變化的連系動詞這類動詞有：become便成，成為卜get（變得）、turn（變得，轉(zhuǎn)成卜go（變成）、come（變成）、fall（變得，進入某種狀態(tài)）等。Exercise 6翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，仔細體會主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。1. He became a teacher at last.2.

19、 She became famous in 1990.3. My dream will come true.4. Children fall asleep easily.5. The weather gets warm in spring.6. The trees turn green.7. Eggs go bad in hot weather.8. The village has grown larger.連系動詞的一個顯著特點：后面可以直接跟形容詞作表語。若把其它連系動詞換成be,句子仍然講得通，只是意思沒有原來那么豐富罷了。掌握生系表”和生謂狀”句型有助于正確運用形容詞和副詞：形容詞常用

20、在連系動詞后作表語；副詞常用在實義 到t回®作"埔。eg.The children were happy.（昨天孩子們很開心。形容詞作表語）The children played happily.（昨天孩子們玩得很開心。副詞作狀語）注：有些副詞如 in, out, away, off, around, over, back, up, down 等也可以作表語：Li Ping is in/out.（李平在家/出外去了。）Class is over.（下課。）這類副詞沒有相對應的形容詞。Exercise 7選擇形容詞或副詞填空：1 .（slow;slowly） He is.He

21、 works.2 .（beautiful;beautifully） The bird looks. The bird sings.3 .（angry;angrily） The teacher became just now. He shouted. He is still now. In another word, heremains.4 .(easy;easily) The work was. He finished it.5 .(careful;carefully) I am. I do my homework.6 .The fish has gone(bad;badly). The fi

22、sh swim(free;freely).7 . (good;well) The dish tastes. He plays tennis.8 .(happy;happily) She seemed. She talked. Exercise 8根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句中劃線的詞是形容詞還是副詞。1. The horse is very fast. It runs very fast2. You are always early You get up early, go to school early and finish homework early.3. Sorry! I 'late.

23、 I got up late.第四講 主語十謂語(及物動詞)十間接賓語十直接賓語一主謂賓賓型試分析句子： He gave us some money.(他給了我們一些錢。)句子主語是he,謂語是動詞gave；動作gave(給)有兩個對象：gave "us給(我們"J gave "money縮 錢"J所以, gave有兩個賓語：us在前面，表示人，叫做間接賓語；money在后面，表示物，叫直接賓語。間接賓語由表示人的名詞或代詞充當；直接賓語由表示事物的名詞、代詞或從句充當。間接賓語和直接賓語統(tǒng)稱為雙賓語。間接賓語和直接賓語都用虛線“”分別劃。Exercis

24、e 1翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，體會雙賓語，注意帶雙賓語的動詞。1. My grandpa often tells me stories.2. She showed us his picture yesterday.3. I will lend her my bike.4. He passed me a pen.5. Mr. Wang teaches us math.6. My friend writes me a letter every month.7. I' ll pay you 100 yuan.8. He often offers us some help.9.

25、 I ' ll bring you some new books.10. He returned me the money in time.有時候，可把直接賓語放在前面，間接賓語放在后面，這時要加介詞 to或者for。如：The tiger showed its teeth to us.(老虎向我們露出它的牙齒。)I will fetch a few chairs for you.(我去跟你拿幾把椅子來。)以上列出的動詞，其所帶的間接賓語改為介詞短語時，第一類加 to,而第二類加for。第三類則不宜將所帶的間接賓 語改為介詞短語。直接賓語是人稱代詞時，用 to或for引起的介詞短語比較

26、好。如：I will return it to the teacher.(我要把它還給老師。)I' ll order it for ou.(我來替你點菜。)Exercise 2仿照示范改寫下列句子，并翻譯成中文。Model: He gave her a notebook. (to) - He gave a notebook to her.I sang them two songs. (for) - I sang two songs for them.1. She lent the boy her eraser.(to)2. Sometimes I write him letters.

27、(to)3. Can you pass me the paper? (to) 4. I ' ll show you my new skirt. (to)5. His parents left him a lot of money. (to)6. The boy sent me the message. (to) 7. Dad made us a model ship.(for) 8. My aunt often buys me presents. (for)9. Who will fetch me some chalk? (for)-10. I'm cooking you some food. (for) 第五講 主語十謂語(及物動詞)十賓語十賓語補足語主謂賓補型試分析下列句子：We call him Peter.(我們叫他彼得。)They always keep the room clean.(他們總是把房間保持得很干凈。)這兩句的賓語him和the room的后面，都有一個說明它們的成分。第一句說明他是彼得，第二句說明房間干凈。這種用來補充說明賓語怎么樣”、是什么"、做什么”的成分，叫做賓語補足語。簡稱賓補。本教程中，整個復合賓語用虛線：一”表示，并用小括號“()”將其中的賓語補足語括起來。eg.We call him (Pete