小學英語語法大全完美版

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上豎心旁：快、忙、情、怕二、 字二、 字課件|教案|試卷|無需注冊例：月兒彎彎的像小船。 小燕子的尾巴像剪刀。（2）春眠不覺曉，（處處）聞啼鳥。夜來（風雨聲），花落（知多少）。興沖沖 紅潤潤 懶洋洋 慢吞吞 靜悄悄（10）孩子們（愛家鄉(xiāng)），也（愛畫自己美）麗的家鄉(xiāng)。你去北京嗎？ 你是小學生嗎？飛機越飛越高。 我越長越高。目錄概述 .1第一講 句子 . 2第二講 名詞 . 4 第三講 冠詞 . 7第四講 代詞 . 9第五講 形容詞和數(shù)詞 . 11第六講 副詞 . 14第七講 介詞 . 15第八講 連詞 . 17第九講 動詞 . 18第十講 語法的基本概念 . 20第十一講

2、 一般現(xiàn)在時 . 22第十二講 現(xiàn)在進行時 . 24第十三講 一般過去時 . 26第十四講 一般將來時 . 28第十五講 句法 . 30第十六講 話題 . 32專心-專注-專業(yè)概述英語語法是什么：是針對語言進行研究后，英語語法系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)歸納出來的一系列語言規(guī)則。英語語法的精髓在于掌握語言的使用。英語語法是分類的，分為詞法和句法。小學英語語法和初高中相比較，只是在語法數(shù)量和難易程度上有差別。英語有些方面是有一些規(guī)律可循的，但是英語還有它另外一個顯著的特點，那就是知識點的零碎、分散。萬丈高樓從地起，想要學好英語，那就需要注重英語基礎(chǔ)?；A(chǔ)打牢才會越學越輕松。對于小學語法的講解，將會從詞法、句法、時

3、態(tài)三個方面展開：【詞法】八大詞法：名詞 形容詞 副詞 代詞  動詞 數(shù)詞 介詞 冠詞【句法】七種句型：陳訴句、疑問句（一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句）祈使句 、被動句、There be句型 、 if條件句、感嘆句【時態(tài)】四種時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、一般過去時、一般將來時第一講：句子第二講：名詞名詞的定義：名詞是指表示人和事物名稱的詞，可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。一：名詞的種類：專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團體機構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞1、專有名詞：特定的人、地方、機構(gòu)等專有的名稱。第一個字母通常要大寫。e.g. Jim Green，

4、New York， Bank of China，Peking University星期、月份、節(jié)日、學科、報刊名也是專有名詞。e.g. Monday，May，Christmas，Spring Festival，Maths，China Daily2、普通名詞：表示一類人或物或抽象概念的名稱。普通名詞又可以分為四類:個體名詞 表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：student , desk集體名詞 表示若干個體組成的集合體，如：class , family 物質(zhì)名詞 表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)名稱，如：water , rice , sand，hair抽象名詞 表示情感，狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)等抽象名稱，如：love ，

5、carelessness個體名詞和集體名詞多數(shù)可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，有單、復數(shù)形式；物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞，一般只有一種形式。注 意： 集體名詞被看作一個整體時，表達單數(shù)概念。e.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在鎮(zhèn)里是名門望族。 集體名詞被看作若干個體的集合時，表達復數(shù)概念。e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。 集體名詞表達多個集體時，也有復數(shù)形式。e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families. 我們

6、村有300戶人家。二： 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式：名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schie

7、f-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, phot

8、o-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-fee

9、t, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復數(shù)相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有復數(shù)形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)people, police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復數(shù)（成員）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6復數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), times(時代), spir

10、its(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某國人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-t

11、ellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)women singers, men servants3、 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構(gòu)成：單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,復數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twi

12、ns mother, 不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers, the

13、 tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示時間todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群體the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及價值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6

14、與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed 練習：bus- lunch- car- man-toy- fa

15、mily- potato- life-child- Chinese- fox- baby-1. There some wine in the bottle. A. is B. are C. be D. being2. Mice afraid of cats. A. is B. are C. was D. be3. Mathematics my favourite subject. A. is B. are C. be D. were4. My father has almost . A. two hundred sheep B. two hundred sheeps C. two hundre

16、ds sheep D. two hundreds sheeps5. There are in the park. A. six child B. six childs C. six children D. six childrens第三講：冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：不定冠詞a，an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，泛指一類人或物中的任何一個。1指一類人或事，相當于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相當于e

17、very，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what,

18、such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠詞的用法：定冠詞the用在單數(shù)或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前。1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用

19、于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in

20、China.10在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年代in the 1990s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠詞的用法：零冠詞：名詞前不用冠詞的情況。1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that o

21、ne. /Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復數(shù)名詞前Hors

22、es are useful animals.練習：1. There is _notebook on my desk. I use _ notebook to keep a diary.2. There is _bottle on the table. _ water in it is sweet.3. Wang's mother is _English teacher. She teaches in _ primary school.4. China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5. China has _ population o

23、f 12 hundred million. _ Chinese people are _ great people.6. Her mother is _ university teacher. She is _ honest woman.7. None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian.8. _Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9. She studies at _No. 3 Middle S

24、chool. She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10. My elder sister is _student of _ English. She studies at _ college.11. _ Monday before _ Spring Festival was very cold.12. Have you had _dinner? 13. He lives in _ Shanghai.14. She is wearing _ sunglasses.15. Are you _ busy?16. I have _ money.17. Doe

25、s Lisa want to be _ actress?18. Ori is _ best student in our class.19. Are those your _ shoes?20. My sister is playing _ piano. 第四講：代詞1、人稱代詞：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們”的詞。我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem主格一般用在句子開頭做主語，通常用在動詞前。e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.賓格

26、可以用來表示動作行為的對象，一般用在動詞和介詞后面。e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.2、物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 詞 性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容詞性物主代詞后面一般要帶上名詞。如：my watch, his cousin, our school名詞性物主代詞本身就可以看作是名詞，故其后不能再加名詞，可單獨使用。e.g. Is that your bike？ No. Mine

27、 is blue. 3、不定代詞：沒有明確指定代替某個（些）人或物的詞叫不定代詞。(1)some和any都表示“一些”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 some多用在肯定句中，any多用在否定句和疑問句中。e.g. There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There isnt any milk in the fridge. （否定句）Do you have any hobbies? （疑問句） 在表示邀請和希望對方給予肯定回答的疑問句中也要用some。e.g. Would you like some coffee? Yes, pleas

28、e. （邀請） Mum, can I have some peaches? Sure.（希望對方給予肯定回答）（2）both和all both表示“兩個都”，只指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞。e.g. We are both policemen.（強調(diào)兩人） all表示“三個或三個以上都”，既可指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g. They are all in the room.（至少三人）（3）many和much都表示“許多”，many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the

29、cup.（4）each和every each強調(diào)個人，指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物中的“每個”；every是指許多人或事物的“全體”，與all的意思相近。e.g. Ill buy a present for each of her parents. 我要為她的父母每人買一件禮物。 Every book in his study is interesting. 他書房里的每本書都很有趣。（5）other 作形容詞時意思是“其他的”，指尚未提到的部分，其后一般接復數(shù)名詞。e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.（6）somet

30、hing和everything something 某事；某物 e.g. I want something to drink. everything 一切事物；每樣事物 e.g. Tell me everything about you.（7） nobody 沒有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her.4、疑問代詞：用來表達疑問或構(gòu)成疑問句的代詞，一般放在疑問句的句首。what問什么Whats your name? My name is Tom. What colour問顏色What colour is your coat? Its red.

31、what day問星期What day is it today? Its Monday.what date問日期What date is it today? Its the first of June.what shape問形狀What shape is the moon? Its round.whatjob問工作Whats your fathers job? Hes a bus driver.what time問時間What time is it? Its ten oclock.when問時候When is your birthday? Its on the first of May.whi

32、ch問哪個Which is your watch, this one or that one? That one.where問地點Where is my pen? Its on the floor.who問誰Who is the boy with big eyes? Hes Liu Tao.whose問誰的Whose bag is this? Its Helens.why問原因Why are you absent today? Im ill.how問方式How do you go to school? By bus.how many問數(shù)量How many books are there? Th

33、ere are five.how much問價錢How much is it? Twenty yuan.how old問年齡How old are you? Im twelve.how far問距離How far is it from here? Its about one kilometer.how about問情況Im thirsty. How about you? Me, too.5、指示代詞 this（這個）、these（這些）表示在時間上或空間上較近的人或物。 that（那個）、those（那些）表示在時間上或空間上較遠的人或物。選擇題：1. Ori and Mari are goo

34、d friends. _ study together.A. They B. She C. He D. Them2. Mari and I are from England. _ are English.A. They B. We C. She D. It3. I am going to play tennis with _.A. She B. her C. he D. his4. Mari: Where is my pencil? Ori: _ is on the sofa.A. It B. One C. They D. Its5. Ori: Do you have a computer?

35、Mari: Yes, I have _ .A. it B. them C. one D. ones第五講：形容詞和數(shù)詞形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。它的位置通常放在被修飾的名詞前，也可以放在be動詞和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。一、形容詞的種類1. 用來表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的描述形容詞 Love is blue. (愛情是憂郁的。)2. 指代事物的指示形容詞 That student is smart. (那個學生很聰明)3. 屬于數(shù)量形容詞的不定量形容詞（1） 表示“數(shù)”的形容詞用來修飾可數(shù)名詞 many(很多的) There are man

36、y dogs in the park. a few (幾個，一些) I have a few tickets. few(幾乎沒有的) I have few friends.（2） 表示“量”的形容詞用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 much(很多的) There is much milk in the bottle. a little(一點的) There is a little soup in the bowl. Little(幾乎沒有的) There is little soup in the bowl.（3） 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾 some, any, a lot of (=lots of), n

37、o She has some friends. She has some money.4. 屬于數(shù)量形容詞的數(shù)詞（1） 基數(shù)詞：1，2，3.這些表示基本數(shù)字的詞 one, two, three, four, five.基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目多少?；鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣：一、二、三，需要記，八去t，九省e，ve結(jié)尾時，f來代替，ty結(jié)尾時，y變ie，再加th，若是幾十幾，前基后序別忘記。1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty-two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen5

38、0fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意：數(shù)字“0”可以讀作“zero”，也可以讀作字母“o”。（2）序數(shù)詞：第一、第二、第三.這些表示順序的詞 first(1st), second(2nd), third(3rd), fourth(4th).序數(shù)詞：表示順序先后。1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty-first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwe

39、nty-second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfifteenth50thfiftieth6thsixth16thsixteenth60thsixtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20thtwentieth100thhundredth（2） 倍數(shù)詞：

40、一倍，兩倍，三倍等表示倍數(shù)的詞在英語中，形容詞有三個等級，即原級、比較級和最高級。1、表示兩者“等同”時用原級，結(jié)構(gòu)為：as原級as，表示“xx和xx一樣”e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister? 其否定形式結(jié)構(gòu)為：notas原級as，表示“xx和xxx不一樣”e.g. Im not as tall as you. 2、表示兩者“比較”時用比較級，結(jié)構(gòu)為：比較級than，表示“xx比xxx更” e.g. Hes one year younger than me. 形容詞比較級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則： 一般在詞尾加er e.g. taller，longer，stro

41、nger，younger 以字母e結(jié)尾，只加r e.g. latelater，nicenicer 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加er e.g. heavyheavier 雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er e.g. fatfatter，thinthinner，bigbigger 雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級，在原級前加moree.g. more beautiful，more careful 不規(guī)則變化 e.g. good-better，many / much-more，far-farther，bad / ill-worse3、 三個或三個以上的人或物進行比較，用形容詞最高級。結(jié)構(gòu)為：the + 形容詞

42、最高級 in/of等表示范圍的短語，表示“最”。e.g. Autumn is the best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.練習：1. Shanghai is _than Beijing. It is _ city in our country. (large) 2. Bill isnt as _ as Mike. Tom is _ than Mike. Who is _ of the three boys? (old) 3. Mary draws as _ as Bill, and she is much _

43、 than him at singing. (well, good) 4. Spring is coming. The weather is getting _ and _.(warm) 5. Tom, Jon and I bought a computer each last week. Johns computer is much _ than Toms and mine. It is _ of the three. (expensive)1. Mari has _.A. few friends B. a few friends C. little friend D. a little f

44、riends2. Does Mari have _?A. many book B. many books C. much book D. much books 3. There _ in the parking lot.A. was a lot of car B. was a lot of cars C. were a lot of car D. were a lot of cars4. How _ there in the bottle?A. many wine is B. many wines are C. much wine is D. much wines are5. There _

45、in this lake.A. isnt many water B. isnt much water C. arent many waters D. arent much water第六講：副詞定義：副詞是一種用來修飾動詞或形容詞的詞，說明時間、程度、方式等概念。大多數(shù)副詞都可以放在動詞后面。e.g. dance beautifully，listen carefully，sit quietly，speak loudly，very happy副詞的分類：大部分副詞的形態(tài)都是：“形容詞ly” 部分副詞的形態(tài)與其形容詞一致1時間副詞soon, now, early, finally, once, r

46、ecently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, why翻譯句子1. This is a hard work.2. He works very hard.3. I had an breakfast.4. Snow fell early this winter.5.