標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭的幾何形狀

1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭的幾何形狀、尺寸和質(zhì)量（1）封頭的幾何形狀形成這種封頭的母線是由1/4橢圓線和一條平行于回轉(zhuǎn)軸的短直線光滑連接而成，因而這種封頭是由半個(gè)橢球和一個(gè)高度為h0的圓柱形短節(jié)（稱它為封頭的直邊部分）構(gòu)成。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭的曲面深度h1與封頭公稱直徑之比為1比4。直邊高度按封頭的公稱直徑推薦兩種尺寸：當(dāng)封頭公稱直徑DN小于、等于2000mm時(shí)，h0=25mm；當(dāng)封頭公稱直徑DN大于2000mm時(shí)，h0=40mm。（2）封頭幾何量與質(zhì)量的計(jì)算公式橢圓形封頭的幾何量與質(zhì)量的計(jì)算公式與四個(gè)參數(shù)有關(guān)，即：長軸半徑a，短軸半徑b，直邊高度h0和鋼板厚度P，其計(jì)算式列于下表1：表1 橢圓形封頭的幾何量

2、與質(zhì)量的通用計(jì)算公式坯料直徑坯料質(zhì)量內(nèi)中或外表面積容積質(zhì)量注：1.式中長度單位一律用m，鋼板密度單位為kg/m3。2.根據(jù)需要a、b可按封頭內(nèi)徑，中徑或外徑取值。3.對于以內(nèi)徑為公稱直徑的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭，其有關(guān)計(jì)算公式列下表2。根據(jù)表1所列公式，對于任何a、b值的橢圓形封頭均可算出其有關(guān)各幾何量及質(zhì)量的數(shù)值。表2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭的幾何量與質(zhì)量計(jì)算公式項(xiàng) 目計(jì) 算 公 式坯料直徑 D0坯料質(zhì)量 G0內(nèi)表面積 Fi容積 V封頭質(zhì)量 G注：1.以上各式均按a=0.5Di,b=0.25 Di,按表2通用計(jì)算公式導(dǎo)出。2.封頭質(zhì)量公式應(yīng)按封頭中面計(jì)算，表中G式曲面部分是按封頭外表面計(jì)算的。對于以內(nèi)徑為公

3、稱直徑的封頭，其中的Fi和V，可用a=0.5Di和b=0.25Di,代入表1中各式，但對D0、G0和G應(yīng)以中面為基礎(chǔ)，為了計(jì)算公式簡單，表2中的D0、G0，G式均以外表面作為計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)（直邊部分除外），且作了不影響工程上允許精確度的簡化。對于以外徑為公稱直徑的封頭，表1中的F和V應(yīng)該用a=0.5DHP和b=0.25DHP代入，對于G應(yīng)先算出封頭中面面積，這時(shí)a=0.5DH0.5P，b=0.25DH0.5P。如果將上述值代入表2有關(guān)公式后，得到的計(jì)算公式較為繁瑣，所以不再給出。（3）數(shù)據(jù)表根據(jù)JB/T47462002鋼制壓力容器用封頭的規(guī)定，以內(nèi)徑為基準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭形式代號為EHA，以外徑為基

4、準(zhǔn)的橢圓形封頭形式代號為EHB，這兩種封頭的內(nèi)表面積、容積和質(zhì)量分別列于表3、表4、表5中。表3 EHA橢圓形封頭內(nèi)表面積、容積（JB/T47462002）序號公稱直徑DN/mm總深度H/mm內(nèi)表面積A/m2容積V/m3序號公稱直徑DN/mm總深度H/mm內(nèi)表面積A/m2 容積V/m313001000.12110.00533429007659.48073.456723501130.16030.008035300079010.13293.817034001250.20490.011536310081510.80674.201544501380.25480.015937320084011.5021

5、4.611055001500.31030.021338330086512.21935.046365501630.37110.027739340089012.95815.508076001750.43470.035340350091513.71865.997286501880.50900.044241360094014.50086.514497002000.58610.054542370096515.30477.0605107502130.66860.066343380099016.13037.6364118002250.75660.0796443900101516.97758.24271285

6、02380.84990.0946454000104017.84648.8802139002500.94870.1113464100106518.73709.5498149502631.05290.1300474200109019.649310.25231510002751.16250.1505484300111520.583210.98831611003001.39800.1980494400114021.538911.75881712003251.65520.2545504500116522.516212.56441813003501.93400.3208514600119023.51521

7、3.40601914003752.23460.3977524700121524.535914.28442015004002.55680.4860534800124025.578215.20032116004252.90070.5864544900126526.642216.15452217004503.26620.6999555000129027.728017.14792318004753.65350.8270565100131528.835318.18112419005004.06240.9687575200134029.964419.25502520005254.49301.1257585

8、300136531.115220.37042621005655.04431.3508595400139032.287621.52812722005905.52291.5459605500141533.481722.72882823006156.02331.7588615600144034.697523.97332924006406.54531.9905625700146535.935025.26243025006657.08912.2417635800149037.194126.59693126006907.65452.5131645900151538.475027.9776322700715

9、8.24152.8055656000154039.777529.40533328007408.85033.1198表4 EHA橢圓形封頭質(zhì)量（JB/T47462002）/kg序號公稱直徑DN/mm封頭名義壁厚n/mm2345681012141618202224262830321300 1.92.83.84.8 5.87.82350 2.53.75.06.3 7.610.334004.86.48.0 9.713.116.520.023.644505.97.910.012.016.220.424.829.255007.29.612.114.6 19.624.730.035.340.746.251.

10、865508.611.514.417.423.429.535.741.948.354.861.4760010.113.517.020.427.534.641.849.256.764.271.9865011.715.719.723.8 31.940.248.557.065.674.483.2970013.518.122.727.336.646.155.765.475.385.295.31075015.420.625.831.141.752.563.474.485.6 96.8108.3 1180023.329.235.1 47.159.3 71.583.996.5109.2122.0135.01

11、48.2161.4174.91285026.132.839.452.966.580.294.1 108.1122.3136.6 151.1165.8180.6195.51390029.236.544.058.974.189.3104.8 120.4136.1152.0168.1184.4200.8217.31495032.340.548.8 65.382.199.0116.1 133.3150.7168.3186.0203.9 222.0240.315100035.744.753.8 72.190.5109.1 127.9146.9166.0185.3204.8224.5 244.4264.4

12、16110053.764.686.5108.6130.9153.3176.0198.9221.9245.2 268.6292.2316.1340.1364.317120063.576.4102.2128.3154.6181.1207.8234.7 261.8289.1 316.6344.4372.3400.5428.918130089.2 119.3149.7180.3211.1 242.2273.4 304.9336.7 368.6400.8 433.2465.9498.7191400102.9137.7172.7208.0243.5279.2315.2 351.4387.9424.6461

13、.5 498.7536.25 573.8201500117.7157.4197.4237.6278.1318.9359.9401.1442.7484.4526.5568.8611.4654.2211600133.4178.4223.7269.2315.0361.1407.5454.1501.1548.3595.7643.5 691.5739.8注：DN1700以上（至DN6000）的數(shù)據(jù)沒有摘引。表5 EHB橢圓形封頭內(nèi)表面積、容積、質(zhì)量序號公稱直徑DN/mm總高度H/mm名義厚度n/mm內(nèi)表面積A/m2容積V/m3質(zhì)量m/kg11596540.03610.00091.1623250.0351

14、0.00081.4342360.03420.00081.6988480.03240.00072.206652198050.06290.00202.5205660.06160.00192.9950780.05920.00183.915282739360.09300.00364.4653980.09000.00345.857710100.08710.00327.203511120.08420.00308.50351232510660.12920.00586.15291380.12560.00558.090814100.12220.00539.973515120.11880.005111.80181

15、637711980.16710.008410.679517100.16310.008113.188118120.15920.007815.633619140.15530.007518.01702042613280.21160.012013.444421100.20710.011616.624022120.20260.011219.732623140.19820.010822.7709（4）封頭標(biāo)記類型代號 封頭公稱直徑×封頭名義厚度材料 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號。例如公稱直徑325mm、名義厚度12mm、材質(zhì)16MnR的以外徑為基準(zhǔn)的橢圓形封頭標(biāo)記為：EHB 325×1216MnR JB/T

16、4746 碟形封頭的幾何形狀、形式代號尺寸和質(zhì)量（1）封頭的幾何形狀和尺寸參數(shù)碟形封頭的母線由三段曲線光滑連接而成：半徑為RCi的大圓弧線0A，半徑為r的小圓弧線AB和與回轉(zhuǎn)軸線平行的短直線BC。以這條OABC曲線為母線繞回轉(zhuǎn)軸轉(zhuǎn)一圈所形成的曲面就是碟形封頭的中面。因此碟形封頭中央部分是一個(gè)球面；球面的四周是一個(gè)半徑為r的環(huán)狀殼體，稱為封頭的折邊；與折邊相連的是一個(gè)圓柱形短節(jié)，稱為封頭的直邊。在GB150有關(guān)碟形封頭的介紹中（包括厚度計(jì)算公式），其核心的幾何尺寸是球面半徑Rci，而折邊半徑r則以取不同的比值確定其大小，至于Rci取多大并未做硬性規(guī)定，過去通常取兩種尺寸：Rci=1.0Di和Rc

17、i=0.9Di。 在2002年頒布的鋼制壓力容器用封頭（JB/T47462002）中，則選定了兩種尺寸的碟形封頭：碟形封頭DHA是指Rci=1.0Di、r=0.15 Di、DN=Di，相當(dāng)于GB150中M=1.359的碟形封頭。碟形封頭DHB是指Rci=1.0Di、r=0.10 Di、DN=Di，相當(dāng)于GB150中M=1.54的碟形封頭。對于DHB型封頭，由于其球面半徑取值最大，折邊半徑取值最小，所以這種碟形封頭是GB150中M值最大的碟形封頭，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是封頭的曲面深度小，但承壓能力較差，所以過去國內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)部門很少采用，對于過去推薦的Ri=0.9Di，ri=0.173 Di（M=1.34）碟形封頭

18、，由于它的曲面深度hi=0.25 Di，與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓相同，所以在新修訂的封頭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中取消了。封頭標(biāo)記方法與橢圓形封頭相同。（2）封頭的幾何量和質(zhì)量的計(jì)算公式碟形封頭幾何量和質(zhì)量的計(jì)算公式匯總于表6，看此表時(shí)請參看圖1。這張表中所列的公式適用于具有各種參數(shù)的碟形封頭。對于常用的DHA型封頭，可以將=1.0，=0.15代入便可得到列于表7中的系列公式。表6 碟形封頭幾何量和質(zhì)量計(jì)算公式匯總（參看圖1）球面半徑RC（=1.0、0.9）內(nèi)表面積Fi/m2Fi=F1+F2+F3，其中F1=2RCh式中h=RC (1sin)F2=2(arr2) +2r2 sinF3=Dh0折邊半徑r（=0.173、0.15、

19、0.10）a容積V/m3V=V1+V2+V3，其中V1=V2=（a2r+2r32ar2）sin+（ar2r3）sin2 r3 sin3+（ar）r3V3= D2h0坯料直徑D0坯料質(zhì)量G0曲面高度hi封頭質(zhì)量GkgG=FP×（鋼的=7.85×103kg/m3）注：1.一般式F與V中的下標(biāo)1、2、3分別表示碟形封頭的球面，折邊與直邊三個(gè)部分。2.特定式中D為內(nèi)直徑（省略了下標(biāo)），P為鋼板厚度，D、h0、P單位均用m。表7 DHA碟形封頭(Rci=Di、r=0.15Di、h1=0.2254Di)幾何量和質(zhì)量的理論計(jì)算公式=65°41=1.146弧度容積m3直邊高度h0

20、25V=0.121D3+0.02D2aa=24°19=0. 425弧度坯料直徑D0=1.193（D+P）+2h040V=0.121D3+0.0314D2坯料質(zhì)量G0=6.1651.194（D+P）+2h02P×103內(nèi)表面積m2直邊高度h025F=1.065D2+0.0785D質(zhì)量kg直邊高度h025G=8.4（D+P）2+0.62（D+P） P×10340F=1.065D2+0.1257D40G=8.4（D+P）2+（D+P） P×103注：1.上述公式中的D均為內(nèi)直徑（省略下標(biāo)i）。2.長度單位一律用m（直邊高度除外）。（3）數(shù)據(jù)表DHA與DHB碟形

21、封頭的有關(guān)幾何量分別列于表8和表9。碟形封頭的質(zhì)量需要時(shí)可按表6所給的公式計(jì)算。表8 DHA碟形封頭內(nèi)表面積、容積序號公稱直徑DN/mm總深度H/mm內(nèi)表面積A/m2容積V/m3序號公稱直徑DN/mm總深度H/mm內(nèi)表面積A/m2 容積V/m31300930.11940.00503429006949.31583.220923501040.15790.00763530007169.95633.556034001150.20170.010936310073910.61823.913544501260.25090.015037320076111.30134.294255001380.30540.02

22、0138330078412.00574.698865501490.36520.026139340080612.73145.128076001600.43030.033340350082913.47845.582686501720.50070.041641360085114.24676.063397001830.57650.051242370087415.03626.5708107501940.65760.062243380089715.84717.1058118002050.74400.074644390091916.67927.6691128502170.83580.088645400094

23、217.53268.2614139002280.93280.104346410096418.40738.8834149502391.03520.104347420098719.30339.53591510002501.14290.1409484300100920.220610.21961611002731.37430.1851494400103221.159210. 93511712002951.62690.2378504500105422.119011.68331813003181.90090.2995514600107723.100212.46491914003412.19610.3711

24、524700109924.102613.28052015003632.51260.4533534800112225.126314.13092116003862.85050.5468544900114426.171315.01692217004083.20960.6524555000116727.237615.93922318004313.58990.7706565100119028.325216.89852419004533.99160.9024575200121229.434117.89552520004764.41461.0484585300123530.564218.9309262100

25、5134.95781.2613595400125731.715720.00552722005365.42801.4429605500128032.888421.12012823005585.91961.6412615600130234.082422.27522924005816.43241.8568625700132535.297823.47173025006046.96652.0906635800134736.534324.71043126006267.52192.3431645900137037.792225.99183227006498.09862.6152656000139239.07

26、1427.31683328006718.69652.9076表9 DHB碟形封頭內(nèi)表面積、容積序號公稱直徑DN/mm總深度H/mm內(nèi)表面積A/m2容積V/m3序號公稱直徑DN/mm總深度H/mm內(nèi)表面積A/m2 容積V/m31300830.11270.00443429006028.69022.67792350930.14880.00663530006219.28692.954834001030.18980.00953631006419.90333.250244501120.23580.013037320066010.53963.564655001220.28680.01733833006791

27、1.19573.898765501320.34270.022439340069911.87154.252976001410.40350.028440350071812.56724.628086501510.46930.035541360073813.28265.024597001610.54010.043642370075714.01795.4430107501700.61580.052843380077614.77295.8841118001800.69640.063244390079615.54786.3484128501900.78200.075045400081516.34246.8365139001990.87260.088146410