簡單句并列句復(fù)合句

1、簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句(Simple,Compound and Complex Sentence)根據(jù)語法形式，即句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，英語的句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。1簡單句：只含有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而且句子的各個(gè)成分都由單詞或短語組成。 簡單句根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分為五種： （1）主語+謂語Eg. The disease has spread all over the world. Things change. 事物是變化的。 Nobody went. 沒有人去。（2）主語+謂語+賓語Eg. I bought a new bike.We never beat children. 我們從來不打孩子。My si

2、ster will fix everything. 我姐姐會(huì)料理一切。（3）主語+謂語+間賓+直賓 這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)，其謂語應(yīng)是可有雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞，兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是間接賓語，一個(gè)是直接賓語。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有： 間接賓語后置時(shí)，其前用介詞to：give, show, send, bring, pass, lend, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, teach, promise, deny等 間接賓語后置時(shí)，其前用介詞for：make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, spare, orde

3、r, look, sing, find, serve等 （4）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語Eg. I saw him seated there. I found the book easy. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書不難。（形容詞easy作補(bǔ)語） I'll let him go. 我將讓他去。（不定式go用作補(bǔ)語）注意動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的情況： 帶to的不定式 ask, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, beg, allow, wish, want, like, prefer, hate, encourage, advice, persuade, permit, r

4、emind, request, order, command, warn, cause 使役性動(dòng)詞have, make, let后要用不帶to的不定式 感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel等后的賓補(bǔ)如果與賓語在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用不帶to的不定式或用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；如果賓補(bǔ)與賓語在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 Eg. I saw the window closed. （5）主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語系動(dòng)詞包括下面幾種： 表示感覺、視覺的系動(dòng)詞 seem, appear, look, taste, sme

5、ll, sound, feel等 表示變化的系動(dòng)詞 become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall等 表示保持某種狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞 be, stay, remain, keep, continue, stand, sit等 以上所有這些系動(dòng)詞都可以直接跟adj. Eg. Stand firm. Dont let them tell you what to do. (要堅(jiān)定，別讓他們對(duì)你指手畫腳) 注意：有時(shí)兩個(gè)或更多的并列主語擁有一個(gè)共同的謂語，甚至并列有兩個(gè)主語和兩個(gè)謂語，這樣的句子仍然是簡單句，Eg. China and other countries

6、 in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中國和東亞其它國家正在迅速地發(fā)展。（China and other countries并列主語） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。簡單句根據(jù)使用目的（用途）分為四種： 1） 陳述句（肯定句、否定句） 2） 疑問句（一般反問句或者說否定疑問句、特殊、選擇、反意附加疑問句） 3） 祈使句：表示請求、命令、勸告、建議、號(hào)召等 4） 感嘆句：表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情，主要由what和how引導(dǎo)2并列句：由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)

7、以上的簡單句并列在一起構(gòu)成，常常由并列連詞連接。 構(gòu)成并列句的簡單句常被叫做分句。并列連詞前可以用逗號(hào)，也可以不用逗號(hào)。常用的并列連詞有：and, but, or, so, yet, for, while, either or, neither nor, not only but (also)等。它們分別表示不同的關(guān)系： 平行關(guān)系：and, as well as, along with, bothand, not only but (also), neithernor. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, yet, however, nevertheless, while 選擇關(guān)系：or, otherwise

8、, rather than, eitheror 因果關(guān)系：for, so therefore, hence Eg. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything. Think it over, and youll work out the problem. This is me and these are my friends. 有些副詞如besides, moreover, otherwise, therefore等也可用在并列句中，而且它們前面常常用分號(hào)。 Eg. I dont want to go

9、; besides, its getting dark. We must get up early tomorrow; otherwise well miss the first bus to the Great Wall. 并列分句間還可以直接用分號(hào)或冒號(hào)連接表示結(jié)果、對(duì)比、解釋和補(bǔ)充等關(guān)系。如果想給人緊張、急促、明快、利落的感覺，有時(shí)也可以全用逗號(hào)。 Eg. Lets hurry; its getting late. He knocked at the door again and again: there was no answer. He is cruel, he is lustful

10、, he is immensely cunning. 在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中要注意并列句中的省略現(xiàn)象，并列句中的重復(fù)部分常省略。 （1）省略主語 Eg. He arrived in summer and (he) left in winter. Mary has written to Bob and (Mary) will write to Jack. （2）省略謂語或謂語的一部分 Eg. Mike likes biology, but Peter (likes) maths. 3復(fù)合句：由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的句子，通常由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)分句構(gòu)成。 在復(fù)合句中，主句是句子的主體，通?？梢元?dú)立存在

11、；從句是主句的一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立存在，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分。從句必須由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)。 根據(jù)從句在主句中所發(fā)揮的語法功能（所作的句子成分）復(fù)合句可分為： 名詞性從句： 賓語從句，主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句 形容詞性從句：定語從句（限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句）副詞性從句：狀語從句（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果、方式、條件、讓步、比較） 時(shí)間狀語從句：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，until (till)，since，ever since，once，as soon as 地點(diǎn)狀語從句： where（wherever） 原因狀語從句： as，

12、because，since，now（that） 條件狀語從句： if（如果），unless（如果不），as(so) long as（只要），provided that（只要），on the understanding that（只要），in case（萬一；假使；免得） 目的狀語從句： so that，in order thatlest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 比較狀語從句： as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較) the more the more

13、; just as ， so; no more than; not A so much as B 結(jié)果狀語從句： so . . . that，such. . . that，so that 讓步狀語從句： though（although），as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ，in spite of ，the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever等引導(dǎo)。 方式狀語從句：as, as if, as through簡單句/并列句/復(fù)

14、合句專練1.I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,?A.do I B.dont I C.will they D.wont they2.help if you can,and our country will improve more quickly and better.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give3. Lucy,you wash the dishes, ? Mom,cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it.A.dont you B.can you C.shall you D.will

15、 you4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. it rains later on in the day?A.How B.What C.How about D.What if5. You ought to stay up late tonight, you? Yes.Ive got too much homework.A.cant B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.wont6.Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,?A.can it B.cant it

16、C.can they D.cant they7.There used to be a church in the small town,?A.used there B.usednt there C.used it D.usednt it8. She isnt your neighbour, is she? .A.Yes,she isnt B.No,she isC.Yes,she is D.No,isnt she9. to be a PLA soldier when I was young. And now you are.A.How I wanted B.How did I want C.Wh

17、at I wanted D.What did I want10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of whichC.its price D.the price of that11. After ten years,she changed a lot and looked different fromshe used to be.A.that B.whom C.what D.who12.is known to everyone,the moon tra

18、vels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situationhe is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why14. Information has been put forwardmore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.wh

19、en D.as 15. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the serious diseasesoon. A.when B.how C.whether D.what 16. The students of the music school study .A. music but also some other subjectsB. some other subjects as well as musicC. music as well as some other subjectsD. some other

20、subjects and music17.air is to man,so is water to fish.A.Since B.Just C.Like D.As18. There is plenty of rain in the south there is little in the north.A.while B.as C.when D.so 19.several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer.A.Being asked B.Having been asked C.He would ask D.He had

21、 been asked20. I dont like chicken fish. I dont like chicken,I like fish very much.A.and； and B.and； but C.or； but D.or； and21.the days went on,the situation there got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As22.everybody is here,lets set out right away.A.Now that B.Because C.For D.After 23. The science of

22、medicine,progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.to which B.in which C.which D.with which24.We must do the experiment carefully Miss Liu told us.A.what B.since C.as D.while 25. Tony will never forget these days she lived in China with her mother,has a

23、 great effect on her life.A.that； which B.when； which C.which； that D.when； that26.I know,they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.A.Since B.So far as C.In case D.As if27.Who do you think the doctor will havefirst,John or Kate?A.examine B.to examine C.examining D.examined28. What a

24、re you anxious about? .A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeedC. Do we succeed D.That we can succeed29.You should put the dictionary you can find it easily.A.where B.the place C.the place on which D.what30.She said to me,“Ill tell you the result of the testI know it.” A.because B.the moment C.aft

25、er D.though31.Grandpa used to tell us something about the“Cultural Revolution”he had time to spare. A.as soon as B.as C.so that D.whenever32.Li Fang is very busy,shes always helping others with their lessons.A.but B.although C.so D.for 33.Getting a right job can be difficult the students prepared to

26、 deal with the job interview.A.if；wont B.unless；will C.unless；are D.if；are34.Everything depends onthey will support you about it.A.if B.which C.whether D.that 35.She won the first prize in the speech contest and surprized us.A.which B.it C.as D.who 36.The Oscar is one of the film prizes offered to a

27、ny Chinese actor or actress so far.A.which is not B.that have not been C.that has not D.that has not been37.He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think is38.Its really very dangerous.One more step,the baby

28、will fall into the well.A.or B.so C.but D.and 39.She is American, she knows little about American history.A.so B.yet C.and D.therefore40.Information technology is taught in most schools,we have entered the information society.A.so B.while C.still D.for41. Helen must obey her parents. Oh,she must, ?A

29、.must she B.mustnt she C.shouldnt she D.should she42.John must be in the chemistry lab, ?A.mustnt he B.neednt he C.isnt he D.shouldnt he43.It was quite a long time I made it out what had happened.A.after B.before C.when D.since 44.the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.A.Read

30、B.Reading C.If reading D.When you read45.does he do his work well, he helps others with their work. A.Not only；but also B.Neither；nor C.Either；or D.Both；and46.,so he didnt come to school last week.A.Though he was ill B.Being ill C.Having been ill D.He was ill47.She tried every way she could find to

31、solve the problem.A.how B.in which C.that D.which48.Lily has some idea shes going to be when she grows up.A.what B.that C.as D.which 49.To play fair is as important as ,I think.A.to play well B.play well C.we play well D.playing well50.you go,you should bear the motherland in mind.A.Where B.Whenever

32、 C.However D.Wherever 簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句參考答案與簡析1.C。 當(dāng)主句為I don't thinksupposebelieve that.結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其附加疑問句要和從句的主謂保持一致，并注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移；anyone焥omeone焑veryone等不定代詞可用they或he替代。 2.B。 這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句，前半部分為祈使句表示條件，后半句表示結(jié)果。本題可解釋為：If you give help you can，our country will.。 3.D。本題題干中是帶有主語you的祈使句，表示吩咐，故用“will you？” 4.D。What if

33、.為固定句型，意為“如果將如何呢？”。 5.B。 陳述部分的謂語由“ought to 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成時(shí)，其附加問句中的助動(dòng)詞可用oughtnt/shouldnt 6.A。 陳述句部分含有表示否定意義的nothing一詞，所以附加問句部分用肯定形式；另外，習(xí)慣用it來指代nothing焥omething焑verything等不定代詞。 7.B。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to的there be句型，其附加疑問句可用usednt theredidnt there。 8.C。回答否定問句時(shí)，英漢有差異。 9.A。本句為感嘆句式，how修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。 10.B。the price of which相當(dāng)于wh

34、ose price。 11.C。what hesheit used to be已經(jīng)成為一種習(xí)慣說法，意為“過去的樣子”。what指一種情況，并非指“人”，所以不能用whowhom。 12.B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該構(gòu)成It is known to everybody that.句式。 13.A。題中a dangerous situation是表示地點(diǎn)概念的名詞，故其后要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 14.B。題意：更多的中學(xué)生畢業(yè)后將進(jìn)入大學(xué)的信息已被提出來了。由于主句用了被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，抽象名詞information被提前；主句后應(yīng)是說明information的具體內(nèi)

35、容的同位語從句，從句中無須添加任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。 15.C。 What the doctors really doubt是主語從句，is后是一個(gè)表語從句。根據(jù)題意及doubt的特點(diǎn)，C是最佳選項(xiàng)。 16.B。用as well as連接兩個(gè)并列成分時(shí)，意義上強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前者，而not only.but also強(qiáng)調(diào)的則是后者。故本題選B。 17.D。由as，just as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，有時(shí)也可放在句首，主句前常加so與之呼應(yīng)，以加強(qiáng)語氣，而且用倒裝語序。本句可譯為：空氣對(duì)于人，猶如水對(duì)于魚。 18.A。while意為“而，卻”，表示兩者的對(duì)比，這時(shí)它引導(dǎo)的是并列分句。 19.D。bu

36、t是并列連詞，因此前一部分應(yīng)是個(gè)句子，而不可用現(xiàn)在分詞短語。 20.C。在否定句中，并列成分的連接通常用or，構(gòu)成完全否定；答語中前后兩分句是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but連接。 21.D。as the days went onwith the days going on意為“隨著日子一天天過去?！?2.A。now（that）在此表示原因，意為“既然，由于”；because表示對(duì)方不知道的原因；for表示原因時(shí)，是并列連詞，應(yīng)放于句中。 23.B。句中介詞in的選用和從句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)，即progress be rapid in，這里的in意為“在某一方面”，相當(dāng)于rapid progress be made in。 24.C。as可表示方式，意為“按照，如，像”。 25.B。本題前一空考查的是引導(dǎo)限制性的定語從句的關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間要用when；后一空考查的是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，用which指代主句中定語從句的內(nèi)容，并在從句中作主語。 26.B。so far as I know意為“據(jù)我所知”